Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between Health Care Professionals' Intersecting Disability and Race Implicit Attitudes and Their Beliefs About People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Carli Friedman","doi":"10.1111/jar.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study's aim was to examine the relationship between health care professionals' intersecting implicit attitudes about disability and race, and their beliefs about people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We had 784 health care professionals participate in the Intersecting Disability and Race Attitudes Implicit Association Test (IDRA-IAT) and answer questions about their beliefs about people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (January 2025–March 2025).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>More positive attitudes about white nondisabled people, and more negative attitudes about disabled white people and/or disabled people of colour were associated with health care professionals being more likely to believe people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are more difficult patients, are more likely to exhibit ‘challenging’ behaviours, and have a lower quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implicit biases about disability and race impact health care professionals' beliefs about people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and are a barrier to health equity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instruments in Spanish to Assess the Mental Health of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. A Systematic Review","authors":"Clara González-Sanguino,&nbsp;Alba Ayuso-Lanchares,&nbsp;Sara Castrillo-San Mamés,&nbsp;Jairo Rodríguez-Medina","doi":"10.1111/jar.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mental health (MH) problems are more common in people with intellectual disabilities (ID), yet under-diagnosis persists, which may be partly due to a lack of appropriate assessment tools. This study presents a systematic review of instruments used to assess MH problems in Spanish-speaking adults with ID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted in Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus using terms related to ID, MH and assessment. From 3929 records, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, identifying 13 instruments in Spanish.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall quality of the instruments was medium to low, with main limitations in sampling and data analysis. Most tools assessed adaptive skills, disruptive behaviour, anxiety, depression, or cognitive impairment using hetero-reported scales, mostly adapted from Anglo-Saxon instruments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further research is needed to develop culturally adapted, psychometrically robust tools that allow people with ID to express their own MH needs, moving from hetero-reported approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singing Together: A Practice-Based Study of a Community-Based Choir for Neurodiverse Adults","authors":"Joanna R. Kennedy,&nbsp;Rachel Jozwiak,&nbsp;Sabra Chavez,&nbsp;A. Blythe LaGasse","doi":"10.1111/jar.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research indicates that music-based interventions can improve quality of life for neurodiverse adults; however, there is limited research on community choirs. The purpose of this practice-based study was to determine feasibility, initial outcomes, and perceptions of benefits/barriers of participation in a community-based choir for neurodiverse adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven adults aged 25–33 and diagnosed with an intellectual or developmental disability participated in a 15-week community-based choir led by a credentialed music therapist. We collected quantitative and qualitative data focused on feasibility, social interactions, quality of life, and perceptions of benefits/barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study procedures were feasible; however, additional considerations are needed for measurement tools. Qualitative data indicated that the choir members and caregivers perceived the choir as a meaningful opportunity for social engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community-based choirs may provide neurodiverse adults with an opportunity for community engagement; however, further research is needed to determine the impact of choirs on individual outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health From the Perspective of Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities—Report From Poland","authors":"Beata Gumienny,&nbsp;Aneta Lew-Koralewicz","doi":"10.1111/jar.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health awareness is an important factor in preventive health and healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents with an intellectual disability. The research objective is therefore to explore the perspective of people with intellectual disability regarding their health-related experiences and the meanings they assign to health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a methodological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 students between the ages of 13 and 19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis identified four themes: understanding of health, perceptions of a healthy lifestyle, identifying health-at-risk situations, and experiencing illness. For them, health means feeling good, the lack of illness, and a healthy lifestyle. Participants can identify various health-threatening situations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is necessary to strengthen health education and health awareness in the population of people with intellectual disability, so as to enable them to increase the scope of their autonomy and self-determination with regard to protecting their own health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiving for Adults With Down Syndrome: Caregiver Experiences and Support Needs","authors":"Amy E. Bodde,&nbsp;Joanna Veazey Brooks,&nbsp;Bethany Forseth,&nbsp;Tara Wolfe,&nbsp;Kristine Williams,&nbsp;Lauren T. Ptomey","doi":"10.1111/jar.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family caregivers of adults with Down syndrome often provide life-long caregiving support for their loved one. Long-term caregiving can impact caregivers' health and well-being, yet their experiences and support needs are underexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers of adults with Down syndrome to understand their caregiving experiences and perceived caregiver support needs. Transcripts of the recorded interviews were coded and analysed thematically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen family caregivers (94.1% female, <i>M</i>_age = 58.8 years) of adults with Down syndrome completed the interviews. We identified four major themes: constancy of caregiving, future planning, significance of social supports and positive joys and rhythms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings demonstrate that caregiving responsibilities can feel constant and unceasing, yet consistent routines and positive appraisal help ease the burden. Family and friends support thriving, but trusted options for transportation services, life transition planning and respite care are needed. Targeting these support needs may improve caregiver well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms in Individuals With Down's Syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jar.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Alqazlan, S.</span> <span>Alenezi, F.K.</span> <span>Alwadeai, K.S.</span> <span>Alanazi, A.S.</span> <span>Alghamdi, A.S.</span> <span>Alarifi, S.</span> <span>Aba-Alkhayl, S.</span> <span>Almeshari, M.A.</span> <span>2025</span> <span>Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms in Individuals With Down's Syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study</span> <i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i> <span>38</span> e70072 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70072\u0000 </p><p>In the published version of this article, the Funding Statement was incomplete. The text incorrectly read:</p><p>“This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (IMSIU-DDRSP2501).”</p><p>The correct text should read:</p><p>“This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2501).”</p><p>This correction does not affect any of the article's results or conclusions.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Adjustment of Middle School Students With Mild Intellectual Disability: The Role of Educational Placement","authors":"Evelyn Kiive,&nbsp;Kaja Pastarus,&nbsp;Tea Ausin,&nbsp;Kristina Kutsar,&nbsp;Triin Kivirähk-Koor","doi":"10.1111/jar.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the level of health-related quality of life, the occurrence of behavioural and emotional problems, and the association between those among 10–11-year-old students with mild intellectual disability who are studying in mainstream schools and separate special schools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included the caregivers and teachers of 76 students with mild intellectual disability. Students' quality of life was evaluated using the KINDL-R parent report. The SDQ versions for parents and teachers were used to measure the difficulties of the students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As reported by caregivers and teachers, lower quality of life was associated with a higher prevalence of behavioural-emotional problems. According to caregivers, students attending special schools had higher school-related well-being than mainstream school students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although students' life quality and behavioural-emotional adjustment do not significantly differ between mainstream and special schools, attention should be paid to the school-related well-being of students integrated into regular schools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘You Understand Me’: Experiences of Peer Mentors Delivering Support for a Mindfulness Intervention to Family Carers of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Alex Gordon-Brown,&nbsp;Caitlin A. Murray,&nbsp;Nikita K. Hayden,&nbsp;Richard P. Hastings,&nbsp;David Mahon,&nbsp;Samantha Flynn","doi":"10.1111/jar.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family carers of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk of stress and often face barriers to accessing appropriate supports. Peer support can enhance the effects of well-being interventions, yet research is limited regarding family carers' experiences within peer support roles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 peer mentors (four adult siblings, six parent carers) paid to support other family carers undertaking an online mindfulness intervention. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed using Framework Analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peer mentors discussed their motivations, the importance of shared experiences within the mentoring relationships, increased confidence and self-belief, and learning and growing throughout the mentoring role.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peer mentors spoke positively, discussing benefits within their personal lives and future employment opportunities. Further research is needed regarding the experiences of mentors who withdrew from the role, as well as fathers, brothers and people from ethnic minority communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Questionnaire Epistemic Trust in People With Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disabilities or Borderline Intellectual Functioning","authors":"Suzanne D. M. Derks,&nbsp;Annelies de Bildt,&nbsp;Veerle M. M. Andries,&nbsp;Saskia Knapen,&nbsp;Paula S. Sterkenburg","doi":"10.1111/jar.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess epistemic trust in people with intellectual disabilities, we adapted the Questionnaire Epistemic Trust (QET) for people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MMID/BIF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the factor structure, the reliability and construct validity in 147 adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We replicated the 4-factor structure, after excluding four items with low factor loadings. Internal consistency was <i>α</i> = 0.58 for Hypervigilance, and ranged from <i>α</i> = 0.74 to 0.81 for the other subscales. Subscale test–retest reliability ranged from 0.504 to 0.747. No convergent validity was found with the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). Discriminant validity was confirmed with the Scale of Emotional Development-Questionnaire (SED-Q), Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) and Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 (AQ-10), but not with General Social Trust (GST).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The QET is promising for assessing epistemic trust of people with MMID/BIF at subscale level. Refining the items with a figurative expression seems needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Do They Think? The Opinions of Women With Intellectual Disabilities on Affective-Sexual Relationships: An Interview-Based Study","authors":"Maialen Beltran-Arreche,&nbsp;Judit Fullana Noell,&nbsp;Maria Pallisera Díaz","doi":"10.1111/jar.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the rights to sexuality and intimacy are increasingly recognised, it is a widely held assumption that women with intellectual disabilities are unable to express their sexuality freely, partly due to a lack of research and information on the topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the perspectives of women with intellectual disabilities on affective-sexual relationships, identify their specific support needs, inform the development of inclusive educational and psychosocial interventions, and propose policy improvements to promote their rights.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individual interviews were conducted and analysed thematically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results are divided into five areas: the LGBTQIA+ community; couple relationships; contraception and sex; abuse; and family and motherhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identified challenges related largely to external barriers. Their accounts allowed us to compile a list of the support they deem necessary, such as adapted sex education; further research based on their experiences; the creation of specific resources; and raising general awareness in society.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}