Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"Did I Take My Medication Today? Understanding Medication Self-Management for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities Through Participatory Research","authors":"Natasha A. Spassiani,&nbsp;Anna Higgins,&nbsp;Stephan Tait,&nbsp;Aaron Hume,&nbsp;Sam Abdulla,&nbsp;Ruth Paterson","doi":"10.1111/jar.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is little research that has examined what support strategies are effective to help adults with intellectual disabilities take their prescribed medication correctly. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the barriers and supports that contribute to adults with intellectual disabilities self-managing their prescribed medicines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine adults with intellectual disabilities and two support staff participated in this two-phase study. Phase 1 consisted of focus groups and Phase 2 involved participants taking part in simulated real-world scenarios based on situations discussed during Phase 1 about taking prescription medication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three main themes emerged from the findings: knowledge about prescription medication, barriers to taking prescription medication, and facilitators to taking prescription medication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of the study will help to inform healthcare professionals on how to better support adults with intellectual disabilities to take their prescription medication to ensure better health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Care Converges: Uncovering Shared Experiences of Parents and Service Providers for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in Times of Austerity","authors":"Rachel Abigail Harrison,&nbsp;Jill Bradshaw,&nbsp;Michelle McCarthy","doi":"10.1111/jar.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since the introduction of austerity measures in 2008, funding for care, welfare, services and support systems in the United Kingdom has been reduced. There is little research that explores the experiences of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities and service providers regarding care, relationships and social networks in times of austerity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10 parents of adults with intellectual disabilities and nine managers and leaders of relevant services. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key themes across their experiences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experiences suggested four shared key themes in relation to the effects of austerity: distanced relationships; Care Act assessments being used to make cuts; deteriorating health and wellbeing; and participants feeling forced to become fighters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whilst previous research has considered the adversarial nature of relationships between parents and service providers, this study suggests they can experience shared difficulties under austerity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Behavioural Interventions to Treat Anxiety in Adults With Autism and Moderate to Severe Intellectual Disabilities: The BEAMS-ID Feasibility Study”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jar.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Langdon, P. E., Apanasionok, M. M., Scripps, E., Barrowcliff, A., Biswas, A., Bunning, K., Burbidge, C., Byron-Daniel, K., Cookson, A., Croom, S., Filipczuk, M., Gillespie, D., Hastings, R. P., Jahoda, A., McNamara, R., Patterson, L., Rai, D., Steward, R., &amp; Gray, K. M. (2024). Behavioural interventions to treat anxiety in adults with autism and moderate to severe intellectual disabilities: The BEAMS-ID feasibility study. <i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i>, 37(5), e13282. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13282</p><p>Wiley incorrectly classified this manuscript as a “Review” article. The correct classification is “Special Issue Article”.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Quality of Life of Families Headed by Parents With Intellectual Disabilities and Their Children by Means of Assistive Social Robotics","authors":"Suze van Wijngaarden,&nbsp;Marja W. Hodes,&nbsp;Leo Cardinaal,&nbsp;Mark Koning,&nbsp;Alice Schippers","doi":"10.1111/jar.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Families of parents with intellectual disabilities still face discrimination, stigma and inadequate support, placing them in vulnerable positions. Social assistive robotics offers promising support. This study investigates the possible impact of social assistive robotics on family quality of life (FQoL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An inclusive, iterative and qualitative research design was used, involving a co-researcher with an intellectual disability. Four families, headed by parents with an intellectual disability and children under 12, interacted with a robot at home. Prior to and after the interaction, visually supported semi-structured interviews on FQoL were conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The robot had a positive impact on FQoL, particularly in family relationships, work and leisure, as the robot was integrated in the families' daily routines. Other domains were impacted less.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social assistive robotics has the potential to enhance FQoL and support vulnerable families, complementing existing systems. Further research and development are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators to Staff's Implementation of Behaviour Support Plans in Community Settings","authors":"Dearbhaile Mahon,&nbsp;Cayleigh Dunworth,&nbsp;Jennifer McSharry,&nbsp;Jennifer Holloway,&nbsp;Helena Lydon","doi":"10.1111/jar.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behaviour supports plans (BSP), if accurately implemented, have been found to increase skills and decrease behaviours that challenge for individuals with intellectual disabilities. However, skills acquired by staff during trainings on BSPs often fail to transfer into effective implementation. The current study aimed to examine barriers and facilitators to BSP implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Focus groups were conducted with four staff teams (<i>n</i> = 21) and semi-structured interviews were carried out with each team's respective team leader (<i>n</i> = 4). Thematic analysis, involving inductive and deductive approaches, was used to analyse the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental context and resources (e.g., compatibility of environment) and social influences (e.g., level of team communication) were the predominant domains impacting on implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings emphasise the importance of service providers aligning with the core values of positive behaviour support, which acts as a facilitator for effective BSP implementation. These include integral social processes such as collaboration across key stakeholders and person-centred planning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Satisfaction, Global Health and Mood in Prader–Willi Syndrome: Use of PROMIS and Glasgow Depression Scales","authors":"Lauren Schwartz,&nbsp;Caroline J. Vrana-Diaz,&nbsp;Jessica E. Bohonowych,&nbsp;Lisa Matesevac,&nbsp;Theresa V. Strong","doi":"10.1111/jar.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms that impact health and quality of life (QOL). There is limited data on global health, QOL and the relationship with mood in individuals with PWS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents completed three validated assessments, the Glasgow Depression Scale-Carer Supplement (GDS-CS), PROMIS Parent-Proxy Global Health 7 and PROMIS Parent-Proxy Life Satisfaction 8b, for 527 individuals with PWS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean GDS-CS score was 8.29 (SD 4.55), and 18% had a score of 13+, reflective of possible depression. Mean PROMIS Global Health and Life Satisfaction scores were 41.46 (SD 8.48) and 43.39 (SD 8.48), respectively, and are lower compared to the general population. Both PROMIS scales worsened with age, and scores on the PROMIS and GDS-CS were associated with parent reports of depression for the person with PWS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These validated instruments may be useful for assessing mood and QOL in PWS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle-Aged Women With Rett Syndrome: Longitudinal Profile From the British Isles Rett Syndrome Survey and Suggestions for Care","authors":"Anna Hryniewiecka-Jaworska,&nbsp;Emily Sloper,&nbsp;Hayley Archer,&nbsp;Angus John Clarke","doi":"10.1111/jar.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report historical information from longitudinal data held in the British Isles Rett Syndrome Survey (BIRSS) concerning women of at least 40 years. This information, including comments on the quality of care, has been provided by families, carers, and clinicians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Information was available on 30 women with a clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome (RTT), of whom 24 were &lt; 50 years. Twenty-nine women were diagnosed with classic RTT and one with atypical RTT. Of 18 women tested for <i>MECP2</i> mutations, pathogenic variants were identified in 14. There was little increase in severity over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that: (1) milder phenotypes were common; (2) depression may be under-recognised; (3) menopause does not seem to occur early; (4) nutrition standards from the general population will often be inapplicable; (5) multiple opportunities exist to prevent functional decline through detailed attention to the quality of the medical and social care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PODER Familiar: A Culturally Tailored Health Intervention for Latino Families of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Amy Pei-Lung Yu,&nbsp;Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar,&nbsp;Vanessa L. Errisuriz,&nbsp;Deborah Parra-Medina,&nbsp;Mansha Mirza,&nbsp;Minyu Zhang,&nbsp;Pei-Chiang Lee,&nbsp;Weiwen Zeng,&nbsp;Jasmine P. Brown-Hollie,&nbsp;Eduardo Yespica Mendoza,&nbsp;Stephany Brown,&nbsp;Sandra B. Vanegas,&nbsp;Nazanin M. Heydarian,&nbsp;Sandy Magaña","doi":"10.1111/jar.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This two-site pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of <i>PODER Familiar</i>, a culturally tailored intervention to promote the health and well-being of Latina family caregivers and their children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the Promotora de Salud model and mixed-methods design, we co-developed <i>PODER Familiar</i> with Latina caregivers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and community stakeholders. Thirty Latina caregivers and their children with disabilities were recruited to participate in the intervention, which included 10 individual sessions and 3 group sessions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six Latina caregivers completed all 10 individual sessions, with high intervention fidelity and satisfaction. Preliminary data showed improvements in psychosocial, behavioural, and health outcomes of Latina family caregivers and their children. Participants also highlighted cultural relevance, the value of promotoras, and positive impacts on family health behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preliminary findings suggest that <i>PODER Familiar</i> is a promising approach. Recommendations are included.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05713617.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transition From Family Home to Alternative Living Arrangements: Experiences of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities and Their Family Members","authors":"Ruth Walker,&nbsp;Irene Belperio,&nbsp;Christine Bigby,&nbsp;Ilan Wiesel,&nbsp;Fiona Rillotta,&nbsp;Claire Hutchinson","doi":"10.1111/jar.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is well documented that many adults with intellectual disabilities live with ageing parents, often without concrete plans for transitioning to alternative living arrangements. Little is known about transition experiences once they occur. This study explores the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities and their family members of this transition through a relational lens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 people: 8 adults with intellectual disabilities, 13 parents, and 4 siblings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three themes were constructed from the data: ‘Gaining independence and letting go’, ‘negotiating unfamiliar relationships’ and ‘social inclusion and making new connections.’</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults with intellectual disabilities discussed numerous benefits associated with moving out of the family home, including increased autonomy and opportunities for new relationships. Family members also described benefits of the transition, but some grappled with needing to ‘let go’ whilst at the same time retaining some degree of control over their family members’ lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal and Systemic Violence as Experienced by Parents With Intellectual Disability in Poland","authors":"Agnieszka Wołowicz,&nbsp;Katarzyna Ćwirynkało","doi":"10.1111/jar.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For many people with intellectual disabilities, the parenting role is inaccessible and/or constrained. This study provides insight into the lived experiences of parents with intellectual disabilities regarding violence and limiting their rights to parenthood in Poland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven parents with intellectual disabilities who experienced violence in the sphere of parenthood took part in individual, semi-structured interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Having applied a thematic analysis, we identified four main themes: The impact of institutional violence on access to parenthood, Family members limiting access to parenting, the impact of systemic and structural violence on accessing parenthood, and responses and actions to violence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents with intellectual disabilities reported experiencing unjust, discriminatory, and violent treatment. There is a need to eliminate these barriers by ensuring that international regulations are respected in Poland. Additionally, developing educational programmes and social campaigns is essential to promote the successful parenthood of persons with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}