Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Current Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Victoria E Abadi-Ron, Ana Marenco-Flores, Natalia Rojas-Amaris, Fernando Munguía, Javier Polo-Ibarra, Behnam Saberi, Vilas R Patwardhan, Alan Bonder","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26267","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are chronic cholestatic liver diseases characterized by bile duct injury that may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and malignancy and ultimately require liver transplantation. Although these diseases share several clinical features, they differ substantially in pathogenesis, clinical course, and therapeutic approaches. Ursodeoxycholic acid remains the standard first-line therapy for PBC; patients with an inadequate biochemical response may be treated  with second-line agents such as seladelpar, elafibranor, or fibrates. In contrast, no approved therapy has been shown to slow disease progression in PSC. Emerging therapies primarily target symptom and complication management, and overall management focuses on surveillance and timely referral for liver transplantation. This review summarizes current approaches to risk assessment, treatment, symptom management, monitoring, and transplantation decision-making in both conditions. Cite this article as: Abadi-Ron V, Marenco-Flores A, Rojas-Amaris N, et al. Current treatment of primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: A comprehensive review. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2026;37(8):824-838.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"824-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Swift Versus Spray Coagulation on Procedural Outcomes in Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.","authors":"Berk Bas, Ömer Küçükdemirci, Altay Kandemir, İsmail Taşkıran, Mehmet Hadi Yaşa, Halil Şahin, Müge Erdem","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26081","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an established curative treatment for early gastric neoplasms; however, procedure-related bleeding remains a frequent and clinically significant complication. Electrosurgical settings, particularly the choice of coagulation mode, represent potentially modifiable procedural factors that may influence bleeding control and procedure efficiency during gastric ESD. The current study aimed to compare procedure time and procedure related complications, particularly bleeding, between spray coagulation and swift coagulation modes in patients undergoing gastric ESD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study included 194 patients who underwent gastric ESD between 2021 and 2025. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the electrosurgical coagulation mode used during the procedure: spray coagulation (n = 113) and swift coagulation (n = 81). Procedure time, intraprocedural and delayed bleeding, use of hemostatic forceps, perforation, post-ESD electrocoagulation syndrome (PECS), recurrence, and stricture formation were analyzed and compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Procedure time was significantly shorter in the spray coagulation group compared with the swift coagulation group (38.2 ± 20.7 vs. 44.4 ± 19.1 minutes; P = .0003). Overall intraprocedural bleeding occurred less frequently in the spray coagulation group (44.2% vs. 75.3%; P < .001), and the need for hemostatic forceps was significantly reduced. Severe bleeding events were rare and comparable between groups. Rates of perforation, delayed bleeding, PECS, recurrence, and stricture formation did not differ significantly between groups. Procedural success rates were high and comparable between the groups (93.8% in both groups; P = .99). Similarly, en bloc resection rates (92.9% vs. 92.6%; P = .94) and complete (R0) resection rates (91.2% vs. 91.4%; P = .97) were comparable between the spray and swift coagulation groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spray coagulation during gastric ESD is associated with improved bleeding control and shorter procedure time compared with swift coagulation, without increasing procedure-related complications. Optimization of electrosurgical coagulation mode may enhance procedural efficiency and safety during gastric ESD. Cite this article as: Bas B, Küçükdemirci Ö, Kandemir A, et al. Impact of swift versus spray coagulation on procedural outcomes in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2026;37(8):847-857.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"847-857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ametabolic FDG-PET in Splenic Angiosarcoma: A Diagnostic Challenge.","authors":"Burcu Gürbüz, Hilmi Anıl Dinçer, İzzetcan Ulusoy, Muşturay Karçaaltıncaba, Onur Keskin","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26238","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Modified Hammock Traction Method for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of a Colonic Neoplasm Involving the Appendiceal Orifice.","authors":"Eito Kawaguchi, Takaaki Yoshikawa, Shujiro Yazumi","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.25692","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.25692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cite this article as: Kawaguchi E, Yoshikawa T, Yazumi S. A modified hammock traction method for endoscopic submucosal dissection of a colonic neoplasm involving the appendiceal orifice. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2026;37(8):909-911.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"909-911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Obesity and Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: A Clinical and Biochemical Study.","authors":"Alper Uysal, Nilay Danış, Ali Şenkaya, Seymur Aslanov, Ilgın Yıldız Şimsir, Güliz Armağan, Rukiye Vardar","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26008","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is a key regulator of gut barrier function, inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis. Human studies evaluating tissue IAP (tIAP) and serum IAP (sIAP) levels in obesity are limited. The current study aimed to investigate the association of sIAP and duodenal IAP levels with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MeS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-two adults undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy were prospectively enrolled. sIAP and tIAP levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and intestinal IAP expression was assessed by Western blotting. Participants were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and MeS status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both sIAP and tIAP levels showed strong inverse correlations with BMI (P < .01) and waist circumference. Obese individuals exhibited significantly lower IAP levels than normal-weight participants (P < .001). tIAP levels were significantly lower in subjects with MeS. Western blot analysis confirmed reduced IAP expression in obese individuals (P = .0139).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced systemic and local IAP levels are associated with obesity and MeS, suggesting that IAP may serve as a potential biomarker for metabolic disease.   Cite this article as: Uysal A, Danış N, Şenkaya A, et al. The relationship between obesity and intestinal alkaline phosphatase: A clinical and biochemical study. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2026;37(8):858-868.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"858-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B Reactivation During Ribociclib Therapy in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer.","authors":"Yunus Emre Demiral, Yunus Günegül, Ahmet Tarık Eminler, Mukaddes Tozlu, Mustafa İhsan Uslan","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26186","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Liver Function Using the Liver Enhancement Ratio on Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Liver Disease.","authors":"Betül Akdal Dolek, Halil Tekdemir, Sercan Sahin, Eren Camur, Ali Haydar Baykan, Rıza Sarper Okten","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.25827","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.25827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Noninvasive assessment of hepatic functional reserve remains a clinical challenge in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). This study aimed to quantify the association between liver enhancement ratio (LER) and standard biochemical liver function scores and to determine clinically meaningful cutoff values for functional stratification.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 187 subjects (78 with CLD and 109 controls) who underwent gadoxetic acid- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Signal intensities from 5 liver segments were measured on precontrast and hepatobiliaryphase images to calculate LER. LER values were compared between groups and across liver function categories using nonparametric tests and correlated with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LER was significantly lower in the CLD group than in controls (P < .001). The optimal threshold for discriminating CLD from normal hepatic parenchyma was 1.01, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.89). As hepatic functional impairment progressed, LER demonstrated a stepwise decline and showed moderate inverse correlations with MELD (ρ = -0.439, P < .001), ALBI (ρ = -0.579, P < .001), and FIB-4 (ρ = -0.421, P < .01). For identification of ALBI grade 2 or higher, an LER cutoff of 0.72 yielded an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.89). For prediction of MELD scores of 10 or higher, an LER threshold of 0.62 yielded an AUC of 0.73.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LER is a reproducible quantitative MRI biomarker that demonstrates moderate correlations with established biochemical and clinical measures of liver function and provides clinically interpretable cutoff values for CLD detection and functional grading.   Cite this article as: Akdal Dolek B, Tekdemir H, Sahin S, Camur E, Baykan AH, Okten RS. Quantitative assessment of liver function using the liver enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in chronic liver disease. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2026;37(8):891-899.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"891-899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13455524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Combined with Fibrosis-4 Index for Hepatic Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Yang Cao, Xing Zhang, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.25740","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.25740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, with significant fibrosis (≥F2) strongly associated with adverse outcomes. The current study evaluated the diagnostic value of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) combined with the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 125 patients with MASLD were enrolled (91 patients with F0-F1 fibrosis and 34 patients with F2-F4 fibrosis). Independent risk factors for significant fibrosis were identified using multivariate logistic regression. A combined diagnostic model was developed and validated using bootstrap resampling (500 iterations). Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the F0-F1 fibrosis group, patients with F2-F4 fibrosis had significantly higher waist circumference (WC), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FIB-4 index, and FGF-21 levels and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Multivariate analysis identified FIB-4, FGF-21, WC, GGT, and HOMA-IR as independent risk factors, whereas HDL-C was identified as a protective factor. The combined model achieved an area under the curve of 0.806 (95% CI: 0.727-0.886), outperforming FIB-4 (0.743) and FGF-21 (0.735) alone. At the optimal cutoff determined by the Youden index, the combined model maintained comparable specificity while significantly improving sensitivity to 94.12%. The model also demonstrated balanced performance under both specificity-driven and sensitivitydriven strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining FGF-21 with FIB-4 improved diagnostic accuracy for significant fibrosis in MASLD, providing a practical, noninvasive tool for early risk assessment and patient stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Patients with Resolved Hepatitis B Virus Infection Receiving Combination Immunosuppressive Therapy: The Role of Anti-HBs Status.","authors":"Mustafa Sadeçolak, Tolga Düzenli, İbrahim Durak, Halik Yıldız, Hüseyin Köseoğlu, Toka Bilal, Muhammed Kaya","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26167","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Patients with prior exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) (HBsAg [Hepatitis B surface antigen]-negative/anti-HBc [Hepatitis B core] immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive) who receive immunosuppressive therapy (IST) remain susceptible to HBV reactivation (HBVr). Current clinical guidelines generally estimate HBVr risk according to the immunosuppressive potential of individual agents. However, evidence regarding the cumulative risk associated with the concurrent use of multiple agents within the same risk category remains limited. The current study investigated the effect of frequently used moderate risk IST combinations on the development of HBVr.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 406 HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc IgG-positive patients treated with moderate-risk IST were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified according to the treatment regimen into monotherapy (n = 178) and combination therapy (n = 228). HBVr was defined as either HBsAg seroconversion or the detection of HBV DNA during follow-up. The incidence of HBVr was compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed between the groups in baseline demographic and clinical features, including age, sex, and IST-related risk profiles. Among patients receiving combination therapy (58.7% female; mean age 62.8 ± 10.2 years), HBVr occurred in 6 patients, including 4 cases with HBV flare, whereas no reactivation occurred in the monotherapy group (62.3% female; mean age 63.6 ± 10.1 years). All patients who developed HBVr were anti-HBs-negative at baseline. HBVr occurred significantly more frequently among patients receiving combination therapy (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of combination IST and baseline anti-HBs negativity were identified as 2 important factors associated with increased risk of HBVr in HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc IgG-positive patients. In this subgroup, a clinical approach favoring antiviral prophylaxis may be considered. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to fully elucidate this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Factor-κB- Associated Inflammatory Signaling by Rabeprazole in Acetic Acid-Induced Colonic Injury","authors":"Aykut Özbek, Mehmet Yıldız, Engin Altınkaya, Halef Okan Doğan, Mustafa Özkaraca, Hilmi Ataseven","doi":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26033","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tjg.2026.26033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Proton pump inhibitors have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects independent of gastric acid suppression; however, their role in inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. The current study investigated whether rabeprazole modulates oxidative stress-related and inflammatory pathways in an acetic acid-induced colonic injury (AAIC) and compared these effects with those of prednisolone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 8) using a computer-generated sequence. To ensure unbiased results, the control and AAIC groups received sham gavage of 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl on the same schedule as the treatment groups. Colonic injury was induced by transrectal administration of 3% acetic acid. Rabeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) and/ or prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) were administered orally for 10 days. Macroscopic and histopathological evaluations were performed. Immunohistochemical expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was assessed. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rabeprazole significantly attenuated histopathological damage and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the AAIC group. Expression of 8-OHdG, TGF-β, TNF-α, and NF-κB was reduced, accompanied by decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and CAT activities. These effects overlapped with those of prednisolone. Combined administration did not provide additional benefit and was associated with reduced protective responses compared with either agent alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rabeprazole modulates oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways and alleviates tissue injury in experimental colonic injury; however, its effects are not additive with those of prednisolone. Further studies are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51205,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}