Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"Antimony-modified tin oxide nanoparticles: hydrothermal synthesis for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Umesh D. Babar,&nbsp;Bapuso M. Babar,&nbsp;Onkar C. Pore,&nbsp;Priyanka P. Chavan,&nbsp;Suhas H. Sutar,&nbsp;Sarfraj H. Mujawar,&nbsp;Ashok D. Chougale,&nbsp;Amar M. Patil,&nbsp;Seong Chan Jun,&nbsp;Ebrahim Alhajri,&nbsp;Nilesh R. Chodankar,&nbsp;Pradip D. Kamble","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00866-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00866-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancing the energy storage capabilities of supercapacitors (SCs) while preserving their electrochemical performance is crucial for their widespread application. Our research focuses on developing Sb-modified tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles via a scalable hydrothermal process, offering substantial potential in this domain. The tetragonal nanoparticle structure provides abundant active sites and a highly porous pathway, facilitating rapid and efficient energy storage. Additionally, tin's varied oxidation states significantly enhance redox capacitance. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate ATO's promise as an advanced SC electrode, achieving a peak specific capacitance of 332 F/g at 3 mA/cm², with robust redox capacitance confirmed through kinetic analysis. Moreover, the ATO electrode exhibits exceptional capacitance retention over 2000 cycles. This study establishes ATO as a leading candidate for future energy storage applications, underscoring its pivotal role in advancing energy storage technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1611 - 1624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis and structural design of zero- to three-dimensional biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials","authors":"Guo Cheng,&nbsp;Hui-jia Li,&nbsp;Jing-hua Fang,&nbsp;Xue-qing Wang,&nbsp;Jia-qi Li,&nbsp;Jun-feng Chang,&nbsp;Na Teng,&nbsp;Ji-tong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00872-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00872-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis of functional carbon materials with controllable morphology and structure using a simple, effective, and green process starting from biomass has been an attractive and challenging topic in recent years. After decades of technological development, high value-added biomass-derived carbon nanomaterials with different morphologies and structures prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) have been gradually developed into a huge system covering different series in different dimensions, and are widely used in the fields of adsorption, electrochemical energy storage, and catalysis. However, due to a vague understanding of the fundamental structure–performance correlation and the absence of customized material design strategies, the diverse needs in practical applications cannot be well met. Herein, we reviewed the mechanism, modifications, and applications of the low-temperature HTC method for biomass. The synthesis mechanisms, structural designs strategies, and related applications of biomass-derived hydrochar are highlighted and summarized in different dimensions, including six major categories: zero-dimensional spherical structure, one-dimensional fibrous and tubular structure, two-dimensional lamellar structure, three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure, and special-shaped asymmetric structure. Then a sustainability assessment is conducted on the hydrothermal carbonization process. Finally, the controllable preparation of biomass-derived hydrochar is summarized and prospected for the application requirements in different fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"441 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced vermicomposting of Sesbania bispinosa through carbonaceous biochar amendment for nutrient-rich vermicompost production","authors":"L. Baskaran,&nbsp;G. Jothika,&nbsp;M. Gokul,&nbsp;V. Soundarya,&nbsp;N. Karmegam,&nbsp;S. Manivannan,&nbsp;Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary,&nbsp;Ashraf Atef Hatamleh,&nbsp;Soon Woong Chang,&nbsp;Balasubramani Ravindran","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00883-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00883-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Sesbania bispinosa</i> (Jacq.) W. Wight is a weedy green manure plant of the family Fabaceae. The legume plants play a major role in nitrogen fixation and soil fertility while biochar plays a significant role in environmental remediation. The present study has aimed to convert <i>S. bispinosa</i> in combination with cow dung (1:1, v/v) into enriched vermicompost through the amendment of different concentrations of activated <i>Prosopis</i> wood biochar. Totally 10 treatments were maintained: VSB1-VSB5 and SB1-SB5 with and without earthworms, respectively. The treatments were maintained under controlled environmental conditions in triplicate till 28 days. The initial and final samples of the treatments with and without earthworms were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, FTIR analysis and phytotoxicity assay. The pH, total organic carbon, C/N ratio and C/P ratio showed a declining trend while the nutrients, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium contents displayed increment towards the progression of vermicomposting. A total nitrogen content of 2.78% was recorded in vermicompost amended with 3% biochar followed by 2.61% in 2% biochar amendment. The functional group changes from initial substrates to final vermicompost inferred through FTIR analysis denote the decomposition of complex organic materials into simple forms. The lowest C/N ratio (19.06) with a higher germination index (102.85%) of <i>Vigna mungo</i> (black gram) seeds were observed in the vermicompost of <i>S. bispinosa</i> + cow dung substrates amended with 3% biochar within a very short period of time (28 days). Hence, the use of biochar at a 3% level is recommended for the vermiconversion of green manure biomass to obtain nutrient-amplified vermicompost. It is also beneficial to use 2% biochar in vermicomposting, however, 3% biochar amendment is highly beneficial and a better choice from a vermicompost quality perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1625 - 1636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing microalgal biomass conversion into carbon materials and their application in water treatment: a machine learning approach","authors":"Arwa Al-Huqail,&nbsp;Khidhair Jasim Mohammed,&nbsp;Meldi Suhatril,&nbsp;Hamad Almujibah,&nbsp;Sana Toghroli,&nbsp;Sultan Saleh Alnahdi,&nbsp;Joffin Jose Ponnore","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00837-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00837-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microalgae, such as <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i>, are highly efficient at capturing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, converting it into valuable biomass. This biomass can be further processed into carbon materials with applications in various fields, including water treatment. The reinforcement learning (RL) method was used to dynamically optimize environmental conditions for microalgae growth, improving the efficiency of biodiesel production. The contributions of this study include demonstrating the effectiveness of RL in optimizing biological systems, highlighting the potential of microalgae-derived materials in various industrial applications, and showcasing the integration of renewable energy technologies to enhance sustainability. The study demonstrated that <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i>, cultivated under controlled conditions, significantly improved absorption rates by 50% and 80%, respectively, showcasing their potential in residential heating systems. Post-cultivation, the extracted lipids were effectively utilized for biodiesel production. The RL models achieved high predictive accuracy, with <i>R</i>² values of 0.98 for temperature and 0.95 for oxygen levels, confirming their effectiveness in system regulation. The development of activated carbon from microalgae biomass also highlighted its utility in removing heavy metals and dyes from water, proving its efficacy and stability, thus enhancing the sustainability of environmental management. This study underscores the successful integration of advanced machine learning with biological processes to optimize microalgae cultivation and develop practical byproducts for ecological applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"861 - 880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorometric sensing probe using carbon quantum dots for selective detection of doxycycline antibiotic","authors":"Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Syed Hadi Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00839-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00839-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the sturdy photoluminescence and absorption, CQDs emerged as a suitable candidate for optical sensing probe. The present study deals with the synthesis of blue-fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dot (TAA-CQD) using tannic acid and glycine as novel precursors. The TAA-CQD were synthesised hydrothermally with the high production yield and QY to be 86.12 and 21%, respectively, and an average particle size of 1.9 nm. The TAA-CQD aqueous solution displays excitation-dependent fluorescence emission in the excited range from 420 to 650 nm. The CIE co-ordinates in a highly blue region at (0.14, 0.19) confirmed the synthesised TAA-CQD were blue in fluorescent. Fluorescence of TAA-CQD was stable under all pH range, resisted the high ionic strengths condition and stable over 8 months. Furthermore, the fluorescent TAA-CQD was capable in detecting a tetracycline-classed antibiotic Doxycycline (DXY) along with remarkable selectivity and sensitivity. The measures limit of detection (LOD) was very low 2.42 mM in comparison to other methods. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed work has been fruitfully employed on the pharmaceutical waste. Thus, our designed TAA-CQD based fluorescence sensing system hold great promise for the advanced sensing materials in the detection of DXY and we believe that our approach will be promising and viable in a clinical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"895 - 905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of iron/carbon composite by grafting ferrocene to carbon nanofibers for supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Seung Ah Kim,&nbsp;Kyeng Min Park,&nbsp;Kyung-Hye Jung","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00864-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00864-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal/porous carbon composite is good electrode candidate since porous carbon provides high surface porosity which promotes the access of electrolyte ions, and transition metal enables redox reactions to improve specific capacitance and energy density. In this study, iron/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composite electrodes were prepared by grafting ferrocenecarboxaldehyde to the CNFs which were fabricated by electrospinning and thermal treatment of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The presence of iron on the CNF surface was confirmed by SEM/EDS, ICP-MS and XPS. Electrochemical performance was evaluated using a three-electrode cell with 1 M Na₂SO₄ as an electrolyte. Iron-grafted CNFs exhibited a high specific capacitance of 358 F g⁻¹ and an energy density of 49.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, which is significantly higher than those for untreated CNFs (68 F g⁻¹ and 9.4 Wh kg⁻¹). This demonstrates that this iron/CNF composite is promising candidate for supercapacitor electrode with outstanding energy storage performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 3","pages":"1407 - 1417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green one-step synthesis of carbon dots via waste grape seeds as fluorescent probe for detection of folic acid in biological samples","authors":"Lixin Ding,&nbsp;Na Sun,&nbsp;He Zuo,&nbsp;Fang Luan,&nbsp;Lin Hou,&nbsp;Zhiyou Chen,&nbsp;Xue Sun,&nbsp;Yuting Zheng,&nbsp;Zongyu Dai,&nbsp;Yuguang Lv,&nbsp;Xingyu Hou","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00875-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00875-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Waste utilization is not only a way to protect the environment and realize green chemistry, but also a means to create novel materials. In this study, based on waste grape seeds as the biowaste-derived carbon dots (G-BCDs), a straightforward one-pot green method was employed for the rapid detection of folic acid (FA). Owing to the internal filter effect and the static mixing quenching mechanism, the sensing principle of G-BCDs was effectively quenched by FA. The results showed fluorescence at an emission wavelength of 415 nm upon excitation at 330 nm with a quantum yield of 1.5%. Particularly, the FA sensing assay obtained a broad linear range of 2–220 μM and the limit of detection was 0.48 μM. In addition, the fluorescence probe was successfully utilized for detecting FA in tablets, blood, and urine samples, yielding desirable results, which indicated promising applications in the fields of biological and pharmaceutical analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 3","pages":"1397 - 1406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barium hexaferrite nanoparticles embedded on graphitic carbon nitride for visible light photocatalytic degradation","authors":"Shanmugapriya Dharani,&nbsp;S. Thanigaivel,&nbsp;Saravanan Rajendran,&nbsp;SaravanaVadivu Arunachalam,&nbsp;Wei-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00869-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00869-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The focus of this study is to develop and employ a barium hexaferrite/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite, abbreviated as BaFe/gCN NC, for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) under visible light illumination. Barium hexaferrite and graphitic carbon nitride were prepared using sol–gel and thermal polymerization methods to achieve an even distribution and good contact at the interface. The nanocomposite was then prepared through the sonication method. The properties of synthesized materials were confirmed by the examination of their physicochemical properties. By employing an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the structure analysis of the synthesized materials provided a hexagonal form. It was also observed that the band gap of this composite was estimated to be 2.7 eV using UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the vibrational modes along with the chemical structure and bonding present in the samples. The characteristics of BaFe/gCN nanocomposite reveal that the hexagonal grain boundary is probably distributed all over the surface of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets, as observed from high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). It was confirmed from the XPS analysis that the elements and chemical states of BaFe/gCN NCs are present in the form of Ba 3d, Fe 2p, O 1s, N 1s, and C 1s. Finally, 50 mg of the produced material is degraded with the help of BaFe/gCN photocatalyst, removing 90% of CR dye at 10 mg/L initial dye concentration in 150 min. Moreover, the removal ability for CR by BaFe/gCN NC was maintained more than 88% during three test cycles. As a result of increased light absorption properties of BaFe/gCN and the prevention of electron and hole recombination, active oxygen species were produced, and hence the photocatalytic activity increases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 4","pages":"1599 - 1610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spent zinc batteries: a pathway to Sustainable ZnMn2O4/C supercapacitors electrode","authors":"Aya Mohamed Abuelftooh,&nbsp;S. S. Mahmoud,&nbsp;S. Y. Ahmed,&nbsp;Sayed Y. Attia,&nbsp;Saad G. Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00870-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00870-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inspired by the recycling approach of electronic waste, within this research paper, we extracted exhausted materials from spent primary zinc batteries and then annealed them in a modified condition, forming a ZnMn₂O₄/C composite with a uniform nanoparticles’ porous morphology. The produced material has been examined as a supercapacitor active one, which showed promising electrochemical properties for supercapacitor application. At a current density of 3 A g⁻¹, it exerted a comparatively significant capacitance of 1696.88 F g⁻¹ along with a capacity of 807 C g⁻¹. Furthermore, the fabrication of a flexible all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor prototype has been accomplished. It exhibited promising initial results that carried a specific energy of 76.75 Wh kg⁻¹ at a specific power of 333.86 W kg⁻¹. After 3000 cycles, it maintained an acceptable capacity. Thus, this eco-friendly approach can successfully convert the spent battery material to new value-added materials for supercapacitors in the clean energy area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 3","pages":"1363 - 1377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of microstructure and properties of various types of PAN-based carbon fibers under the action of a mild electric field","authors":"Hongshuo Cao,&nbsp;Yanhong Tian,&nbsp;Jiangman Sun,&nbsp;Xuejun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00871-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00871-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical treatment has a significant effect on the properties of carbon fibers (CFs). In this study, the effect of mild electric field action on the microstructure and properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based high-modulus CFs (HMCFs) and high-strength CFs (HSCFs) was investigated. Under the action of a mild electric field, CFs did not show obvious defects, but their microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical properties were affected. For HMCFs, the graphitization degree in both axial and radial directions of the fibers had a decreasing trend, the grain spacing increased, and the grain size and degree of orientation decreased, which led to a decrease in the tensile strength, tensile modulus and axial conductivity. However, for HSCFs, the pattern of change was exactly opposite to that of HMCFs. The results of this study can provide useful guidance for optimizing the production process and surface modification of CFs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 3","pages":"1379 - 1395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}