Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"In-situ hydrogen-reduced red mud/apple peel biochar with highly loaded nZVI for efficient removal of organic pollutants","authors":"Xinxin Li,&nbsp;Fumin Ren,&nbsp;Junshi Liu,&nbsp;Sibo Jia,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ge,&nbsp;Houliang Guo","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-01006-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid increase of global solid waste poses significant environmental challenges. In this work, two abundant wastes—red mud and apple peel—were used as precursors to prepare zero-valent iron biochar for efficient pollutant removal. This study innovatively developed a green, low-temperature in-situ hydrogen reduction strategy via one-step copper-catalyzed ethanol decomposition, which generated in-situ hydrogen and uniformly dispersed high-load Fe⁰ without the need for external hydrogen or hazardous reagents. Compared with N₂ pyrolysis, in-situ H₂ treatment enlarged the pore size by 17.2%, increased surface oxygen functionalities, and enhanced active site exposure and electron transfer, markedly improving reactivity. The composite exhibited high saturation magnetization (33.13 emu g^–1) for rapid magnetic separation, low iron leaching (≤ 0.13 mg L^–1), and retained over 63% removal efficiency after four cycles. Removal efficiencies reached 87.77 − 98.50% for MB, RhB, and TC in single-dye systems, and remained high at 70.09 − 84.32% in multi-dye wastewater. Synergistic mechanisms involving porous adsorption, Fe–O coordination, π–π interaction, and NZVI-mediated reduction contributed to superior performance. This sustainable strategy enhances the waste value and provides effective and environmentally safe solutions for complex wastewater treatment, promoting resource recovery and pollution control.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"177 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ construction of lightweight CF/CNTs with compatible thermal performance toward sandwich structures for hypersonic vehicles","authors":"Qian Wang,&nbsp;Bo-Wen Chen,&nbsp;De-Wei Ni,&nbsp;Fu-Chen Liu,&nbsp;Fei-Yan Cai,&nbsp;Chun-Jing Liao,&nbsp;Hong-Da Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Ding,&nbsp;Shao-Ming Dong","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-01000-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-01000-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sandwich structure with ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) skin and carbon form (CF) core is the ideal thermal structural components with excellent thermal protective and lightweight properties in hypersonic vehicles. However, the temperature gradient and mismatch of thermal conductivity between CMC skin and CF core result in the thermal stress in sandwich structures. Therefore, core material CF with matching thermal conductivity have become very important to prevent cracks and debonding of the sandwich structure. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced carbon foam composites with different microstructure were fabricated using simple phenolic resin foaming followed by CVI process. The prepared CF display a very low density of 0.075 g/cm³ and a relatively high compressive strength of 1.65 MPa. By controlling the distribution position and content of CNTs the thermal conductivity of core materials CF/CNTs (4.93 W·m^− 1·K^− 1 which is ~ 13 times higher than that of CF) can be regulated to compatibility with CMCs skin (3.5 ~ 6.0 W/m·K). And the thermal conductivity evolution mechanisms of the CF/CNTs from room temperature to 1200 ℃ were revealed. High interfacial thermal resistance by phonon scattering between the CF and CNTs blocks the solid conduction of materials at room temperature. With the increase of the temperature, radiative heat transfer between CF and CNTs becomes more violent and dominates the heat transfer path. The C/CMCs-CMCs sandwich structure was fabricated quickly by the in situ foaming method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"141 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From precursor design to high-performance porous carbons: the synergistic role of primary pores and oxygen species","authors":"Yuan Ma,&nbsp;Chuixiong Kong,&nbsp;Zurong Du,&nbsp;Yongxin Pan,&nbsp;Yao Wu,&nbsp;Junkai Song,&nbsp;Tingmin Di,&nbsp;Shenggao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-01019-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-01019-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the controlled synthesis of biomass-derived porous carbon materials, effective pretreatment strategies play a critical role in modulating the chemical activation process and optimizing material performance. However, existing studies predominantly focus on the macroscopic structural changes induced by pretreatment, often overlooking the important role of chemical composition evolution during activation. Herein, a coconut shell-based acidic hydrothermal pretreatment was designed to precisely control the evolution of the primary pore structure alongside the enhanced retention of oxygen species in the hydrochar. Subsequent chemical activation successfully yields a high-performance carbon material with a well-defined hierarchical porous structure. This material exhibits a high specific surface area of 1963 m² g⁻¹ and delivers an outstanding specific capacitance of 420 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. When assembled into a solid-state supercapacitor, the device achieves a high energy density of 12.97 Wh kg⁻¹. It also demonstrates excellent cycling stability, retaining 97.02% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹, along with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.84%. Our findings reveal that appropriate acidic hydrothermal pretreatment not only establishes a continuous primary pore network within the precursor—facilitating the deep diffusion and uniform reaction of the activating agent—but also enhances activation efficiency synergistically through the anchoring effect of oxygen species. This work provides new insights and experimental support for the rational design of high-performance biomass-derived carbon materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"303 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning model prediction of CO2 production and resource utilization of commercial concrete: curing utilization mechanism, carbon emission assessment and visualisation analysis","authors":"An-ping Zuo,&nbsp;Chao-qiang Wang,&nbsp;Cong-jun Qi,&nbsp;Yan-yan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01027-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01027-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rising industrial carbon dioxide emissions necessitate utilization technologies. Carbon dioxide solidification captures carbon dioxide by reacting with alkaline compounds in concrete, improving its properties. This study integrates a life cycle assessment (LCA) model to evaluate carbon reduction potential with Machine Learning (ML) models to predict complex production dynamics. It investigates solidification mechanisms. Results show co-solidification and external solidification achieve reductions of 676.45 and 704.9 kilograms per tonne, respectively, with notable environmental benefits. A comparison of three predictive models, namely Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN), Polynomial Regression, and Support Vector Regression, confirms that FNN is the optimal choice. It exhibits a lower mean absolute error (791) and a higher coefficient of determination (0.91). SHAP analysis revealed that ‘Coal consumption’ and ‘Electricity consumption’ were the primary drivers of the FNN prediction, confirming the model’s reliance on essential energy inputs, while the ‘date’ feature exerted minimum influence. Projections indicate China’s 2024 concrete production emissions could be 4.23 billion tonnes via synergistic curing, versus 4.37 billion tonnes with conventional external curing. Case and visual analyses further validate carbon dioxide curing’s advantages in improving concrete performance and cutting energy use.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"511 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetracycline degradation and hydrogen production over an interface-engineered double S-Scheme g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst","authors":"Mingze An,&nbsp;Zhao Yang,&nbsp;Bingbing Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Xue,&nbsp;Hao Pu,&nbsp;Weijie Chen,&nbsp;Sheng Wang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yang,&nbsp;Qingqing Qin","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-01022-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-01022-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To overcome the limitations of single-component photocatalytic materials, including low carrier separation efficiency, narrow light absorption range, and limited functionality, this study utilized precise interface engineering to construct a double S-scheme g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ (CNT550) heterojunction composite photocatalyst through a two-step hydrothermal and high-temperature calcination approach. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR–TEM) verified the formation of intimate interfacial contact between g-C₃N₄ and both anatase and rutile phases of TiO₂. This interfacial structure effectively promotes the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers. The dual-functional performance of the material was systematically evaluated for photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) degradation and hydrogen evolution via water splitting. Results demonstrated that under ultraviolet, visible, and simulated sunlight irradiation for 150 min, 300 min, and 300 min, respectively, CNT550 achieved TC degradation rates of 99.6%, 88.0%, and 82.9%, representing significant enhancement compared to g-C₃N₄ and TiO₂. Meanwhile, the hydrogen evolution rate of CNT550 reached 447.8 µmol·h^− 1·g^− 1, which is 3.25 times and 3.58 times higher than that of g-C₃N4 and TiO₂, respectively. Furthermore, advanced characterization techniques including in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV), combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, systematically confirmed that the charge transfer and separation in the CNT550 composite follow a double S-scheme mechanism. Mechanism analysis further reveals that the double S-scheme heterojunction not only broadens the light absorption range but also enables efficient interfacial charge transfer and rapid separation of photogenerated carriers, which serves as the key factor contributing to the significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. This work provides valuable insights and guidance for designing high-performance bifunctional photocatalytic materials. This study provides important theoretical guidance and practical pathways for the design of highly efficient double S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts, offering valuable insights for the development of high-performance bifunctional photocatalytic materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 2","pages":"781 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147752373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of defect-free graphene on catalytic performance of graphene-supported Cu–MnOx composites in toluene oxidation","authors":"Juwon Seok,&nbsp;Hongjun Park,&nbsp;Jinwu Jang,&nbsp;Wonmin Choi,&nbsp;Jo Hee Yoon,&nbsp;Bong Gill Choi","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-01003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-01003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mn-based catalysts like hopcalite (Cu–Mn oxide) are widely studied for low-temperature CO oxidation, with efforts focused on enhancing their redox properties. Incorporating defect-free graphene as a support has shown promise in improving both structural and catalytic performance, making the development of scalable graphene-supported Cu–MnO_<i>x</i> (Gr/Cu–MnO_<i>x</i>) composites highly desirable. In this study, fluid flow control systems were effectively employed to produce exfoliated graphene sheets, which were subsequently utilized for synthesizing Gr/Cu–MnO_<i>x</i> composite catalysts. The enhanced shear stress and mass transfer within the fluid flow system improved the textural properties of the composite catalysts, resulting in higher surface areas and pore volumes compared to those of the unmodified Cu–MnOx composite. The Gr/Cu–MnO_<i>x</i> composite catalysts exhibited superior toluene removal performance, achieving a T₉₀ value of 200 °C, surpassing the T₉₀ value of 250 °C of the unmodified Cu–MnO_<i>x</i> composite. Furthermore, the water resistance was assessed by evaluating the catalytic performance after exposure to 5 vol% water vapor. The presence of hydrophobic graphene in Gr/Cu–MnO<i>x</i> enhanced water resistance compared to that of unmodified Gr/Cu–MnO_x.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"165 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-propagated growth of LaB6 decorated carbon nano tubes (LaB6-CNT) grown from plasma treated pyrolytic graphite suitable for electron emission applications","authors":"Shalaka A. Kamble,&nbsp;Soumen Karmakar,&nbsp;Somnath R. Bhopale,&nbsp;Sanket D. Jangale,&nbsp;Neha P. Ghodke,&nbsp;Srikumar Ghorui,&nbsp;S. V. Bhoraskar,&nbsp;M. A. More,&nbsp;V. L. Mathe","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00999-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00999-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here we report self-propagated growth of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆) decorated Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) from the pyrolytic graphite rods treated with nitrogen arc plasma. The system so formed is named as LaB₆-CNTs. Two pyrolytic graphite rods were used as electrodes in the arc plasma reactor whereas, the LaB₆ sample kept onto anode acts as catalyst. The anode left out with residue of LaB₆ was exposed to normal atmospheric conditions which show ignition of self-propagated growth of CNTs decorated with LaB6 . Such growth was observed within a couple of days after exposure to the environment without any external supply of energy. The growth is found to be slow and continues till complete erosion of the pyrolytic graphite block. The self-propagated powder obtained was characterized thoroughly using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM and TEM techniques. These nanostructures were found to exhibit efficient field-emitting properties with a low turn-on electric field of ~ 2 V/µm, and a current density of ~ 1.5 A/cm² at an applied electric field of 1.8 V/m. Therefore, the nanostructures obtained can be explored for electron emission applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"481 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the hydrogenative rearrangement of furfural into cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol","authors":"Qingwei Meng,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang,&nbsp;Fucheng Chen,&nbsp;Jinliang Song,&nbsp;Tiejun Wang,&nbsp;Chengwu Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01025-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01025-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient utilization of biomass resources has garnered substantial research interest as a strategic approach to mitigate reliance on fossil fuels and achieve waste valorization. Furfural (FFA), a renewable biomass-derived platform compound, offers an environmentally benign pathway for producing oxygenated value-added chemicals such as cyclopentanone (CPO) and cyclopentanol (CPL) through hydrogenative rearrangement, thereby offering an alternative to conventional petroleum-based decarboxylative cyclization methods. Over the past decade, significant research efforts have been dedicated to optimizing the catalytic hydrogenation and rearrangement of FFA into CPO/CPL, with a focus on enhancing catalytic efficiency, product selectivity, cost competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. This review systematically discusses the structural characteristics, catalytic performances, and reaction mechanisms of diverse metal-based catalysts, with particular emphasis on how active sites modulate reaction pathways and reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the key innovations in catalyst engineering are analyzed and the promising pathways to design catalytic systems combining high activity, selectivity, and stability for sustainable FFA upgrading into CPO/CPL are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"115 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailored nanoporosity and electrical conductivity in single-walled carbon nanotube networks via acid- and surfactant-driven reassembly","authors":"Seung Hyun Nam,&nbsp;Dong Young Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-01002-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-01002-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Constructing high-density single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) network assemblies is essential for improving their electrical conductivity. However, controlling the nanoporosity, including specific surface area (SSA) and pore structure, is critical for maintaining reversible capacity in CNT-based energy storage systems. In this study, we investigated a solution-based strategy using acid and surfactant treatments to enhance the electrical conductivity of SWCNT networks while minimizing changes in nanoporosity. HNO₃/H₂SO₄ acid treatment and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)-assisted dispersion were applied to form uniform, densely packed SWCNT assemblies. Acid treatment increased the SSA from 246 to 732 m² g⁻¹ and the micropore volume from 0.06 to 0.28 mL g⁻¹. In contrast, SDBS treatment moderately increased the SSA (246 to 350 m²·g⁻¹) with minor changes in meso/microporosity and preserved the overall pore structure well. In addition the electrical conductivity increased by a factor of 3.5 after acid treatment and by a factor of 6 after SDBS treatment, reaching 1.39 × 10⁵ and 2.36 × 10⁵ S m⁻¹, respectively. These results demonstrate that SDBS treatment, via surfactant-driven reassembly, offers a simple, scalable, and structure-preserving strategy to tailor nanoporosity and enhance the performance of SWCNT-based electrochemical devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"153 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high frequency insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) structure using carbon nanotube vacuum field emission transistor","authors":"Yulong Ding,&nbsp;Jun Jiang,&nbsp;Junzhong Liang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Qin,&nbsp;Yanlin Ke,&nbsp;Juncong She,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Shaozhi Deng","doi":"10.1007/s42823-025-00993-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-025-00993-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a kind of power switching device owns the advantage of gate voltage control and high power capacity, while remaining the problem of potential catastrophic failures in high voltage. A novel structure of IGBT combined with a vacuum field emission transistor (VFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was introduced which exhibits high blocking voltage, high frequency characteristics and excellent robustness toward catastrophic failure such as latch-up and gate oxide breakdown. A pulsing current overshooting effect due to the gate-cathode capacitance of VFET was observed to expedite the switching process, offering a novel approach to shorten the switching time of IGBT. Benefit from this, the field emission IGBT (FE-IGBT) was capable of operating over a broad frequency range from DC to 100 kHz. The static and dynamic characteristics of the device were reported, including a blocking voltage of 800 V, a maximum output current of 0.5 A. This work presented a new route to bloom the performance of IGBT and also created a feasibility to connect vacuum electronics device with solid-state semiconductor devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"397 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}