Marine biomass-derived activated carbon as an electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors

IF 5.5 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI:10.1007/s42823-024-00854-7

Jueun Choi, Keiko Ideta, Hyeonseok Yi, Toru Kato, Koji Saito, Hiroko Watanabe, Koji Nakabayashi, Jin Miyawaki, Yoong Ahm Kim, Seong-Ho Yoon

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Abstract

Marine biomass (MB) offers an environmentally friendly and readily available carbon source from the ocean. However, the high concentration of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in MB typically reduces the carbon yield and inhibits micropore formation during heat treatment due to catalytic gasification. In this study, we successfully synthesized activated carbon (AC) with a high specific surface area (> 1,500 m²/g) and significant mesopore content (60%, mean pore size: 3.4 nm) from MB by employing preheating, controlled acid purification, and CO₂ activation. The formation of mesopores in the MB-derived AC was driven by catalytic gasification induced by intrinsic and residual AAEMs during preheating and physical activation processes. We evaluated the potential of the MB-derived AC as an electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The material demonstrated high specific capacitance values of 25.9 F/g and 29.4 F/g at 2.7 V and 3.3 V, respectively, during charge–discharge cycles. These high capacitance values at elevated voltages were attributed to the increased number of solvated ions (e.g., 1.93 mmol/g at 3.3 V) present in the mesopores. Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹⁹F solid-state NMR) analysis revealed a substantial increase in solvated ion concentration within the mesopores of the MB-derived AC electrode at 3.3 V, demonstrating enhanced ion mobility and diffusion. These findings highlight the potential of MB-derived AC as a promising electrode material for high-voltage energy storage applications.

Graphical abstract

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海洋生物质活性炭作为电双层电容器的电极材料

海洋生物质（MB）提供了一种环境友好且易于获得的海洋碳源。然而，MB中高浓度的碱和碱土金属（AAEMs）通常会降低碳收率，并抑制热处理过程中由于催化气化而形成的微孔。在本研究中，我们通过预热、控制酸净化和CO₂活化，成功地从MB合成了高比表面积（> 1,500 m2/g）和大量中孔含量（60%，平均孔径：3.4 nm）的活性炭（AC）。在预热和物理活化过程中，内在和残余AAEMs诱导催化气化，驱动了mb衍生AC中介孔的形成。我们评估了mb衍生的交流电作为电双层电容器（edlc）电极材料的潜力。在2.7 V和3.3 V条件下，该材料的比电容值分别为25.9 F/g和29.4 F/g。高电压下的高电容值归因于中孔中溶剂化离子数量的增加（例如，3.3 V时为1.93 mmol/g）。氟-19核磁共振（19F固态核磁共振）分析显示，在3.3 V下，mb衍生的交流电极的介孔内溶剂化离子浓度大幅增加，表明离子迁移和扩散增强。这些发现突出了mb衍生的交流电作为一种有前途的高压储能电极材料的潜力。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Carbon Letters CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： Carbon Letters aims to be a comprehensive journal with complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules. These materials range from, but are not limited to, diamond and graphite through chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon blacks, activated carbons, pyrolytic carbons, glass-like carbons, etc. Papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials from the above mentioned various carbons are within the scope of the journal. Papers on organic substances, including coals, will be considered only if the research has close relation to the resulting carbon materials. Carbon Letters also seeks to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist fields and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer. The renewable energy basics, energy storage and conversion, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydrogen production technology, and other clean energy technologies are also within the scope of the journal. Carbon Letters invites original reports of fundamental research in all branches of the theory and practice of carbon science and technology.