Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"Carbonization temperature dependent structural modifications of waste coffee grounds derived hard carbons and their electrochemical behaviors as anode materials for sodium ion batteries","authors":"JeongA Kim,&nbsp;Donghyeon Yu,&nbsp;Eunchae Oh,&nbsp;Jaewon Jang,&nbsp;Jungpil Kim,&nbsp;Junghoon Yang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00806-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00806-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the development and characterization of hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries produced from waste coffee grounds, synthesized at both 1000 °C and 1500 °C. Importantly, this work highlights the potential of using biomass-derived hard carbons as sustainable and effective material for anode for sodium-ion batteries, contributing to the advancement of energy storage systems with increasing global demands for environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies. The research focuses on the electrochemical performance of these hard carbons, examining how different carbonization temperatures impact their structural and electrochemical properties. Utilizing advanced analytical methods, the structural changes correlating with temperature increase were identified, including modifications in carbon atom arrangements, which significantly influence the electrochemical behaviors of the hard carbons. Our research specifically focuses on how the structural differences affect the division of capacity contribution from sloping region (above 0.1 V) and plateau regions (below 0.1 V). Electrochemical test results revealed that hard carbon with higher degree of order and reduced microstructural defects, demonstrated improved capacity values. At the same time, the highly ordered hard carbon exhibits drastic capacity loss upon increasing of current densities. The results from this study not only advance our understanding of hard carbons but also open pathways for the future exploration of hard carbons for additional improvements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"351 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in activated carbon fibers for pollutant removal","authors":"Jong-Hyun Joo,&nbsp;Seong-Hwang Kim,&nbsp;Jee Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Hyun-Ju Kang,&nbsp;Jeong Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Hye-Ji Jeon,&nbsp;Yeon Hee Jang,&nbsp;Jong-Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Seul-Yi Lee,&nbsp;Soo-Jin Park,&nbsp;Min-Kang Seo","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00803-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00803-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have emerged as promising adsorbents for environmental applications in the removal, separation, and modification of organic compounds in liquid and gas phases. Recent research has focused on enhancing the effectiveness of ACFs via precursor and surface modification, aiming to enhance their affinity for specific pollutants. Hence, the present review reports recent research advances in this area, focusing on ACF production and modification techniques, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. After a brief description of ACFs, their state-of-the-art surface modification techniques are systematically summarized, divided into two categories: (i) type of precursor [e.g., polyacrylonitrile (PAN), pitch, phenolic resin (e.g., novoloid), biomass] and (ii) type of surface modification (wet or dry). In short, this review presents recent advances in the preparation and modification of ACFs for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous and gas phases; various fabrication techniques and the adsorption mechanisms of organic compounds are also discussed in detail.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"21 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sizing-agent control of the high-focusing and spread-ability of a melt-spun polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber and its interfacial shear strength","authors":"MoonHeui Han,&nbsp;WangGeun Song,&nbsp;Doo-Won Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00798-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00798-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The surface treatment processes of carbon fibers is very important, because of their significant impact on fiber handling, filament protection, and interfacial properties. In this study, the effects of two different sizing agents with different molecular weights, with or without a nonionic surfactant, on the performance of a melt-spun polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber and carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial adhesion are investigated. The focusing property and spread-ability of a low-molecular-weight sizing agent with a surfactant show outstanding performances because of the high penetration between the fibers and high interfacial bonding with the fibers. In addition, wettability of the matrix (epoxy resin) of the low-molecular-weight sizing agent are superior to those of the high-molecular-weight sizing agent. Furthermore, the nonionic surfactant used as an assistant improves the sizing amount and wettability by forming micelles with the epoxy. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the low-molecular-weight sizing agent with a surfactant is also superior to that of other sizing agents. The IFSS is closely related to the sizing amount of the coating on the carbon fiber surface and matrix wettability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"343 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KOH etching catalyzed microwave pyrolysis of waste tires to prepare porous graphene","authors":"Wang Chen,&nbsp;Bingguo Liu,&nbsp;Guolin Luo,&nbsp;Chao Yuwen,&nbsp;Fang Peng,&nbsp;Siyu Gong,&nbsp;Keren Hou,&nbsp;Yunfei An,&nbsp;Guangxiong Ji,&nbsp;Bangjian Wu","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00804-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00804-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A substantial quantity of discarded tires has inflicted harm on the environment. Microwave pyrolysis of discarded tires emerges as an efficient and environmentally friendly method for their recycling. This research innovatively utilizes the characteristics of microwave rapid and selective heating to pyrolyze waste tires into porous graphene under the catalysis of KOH etching. Moreover, this study comprehensively investigates the dielectric characteristics and heating behavior of waste tires and different proportions of waste tire–KOH mixtures. It validates the preparation of graphene through KOH-catalyzed microwave pyrolysis of waste tires, tracking morphological and structural changes under varying temperature conditions. The results indicate that optimal dielectric performance of the material is achieved at an apparent density of 0.68 g/cm³ at room temperature. As the temperature increases, the dielectric constant gradually rises, particularly reaching a notable increase around 700 °C, and then stabilizes around 750 °C. Additionally, the study investigates the penetration depth and reflection loss of mixtures with different proportions, revealing the waste tire–KOH mass ratio of 1:2 demonstrates favorable dielectric properties. This research highlights the impressive microwave responsiveness of the waste tire–KOH mixture, Upon the addition of KOH, the mixed material exhibits an augmented dielectric constant and relative dielectric constant, supporting the viability of KOH-catalyzed microwave pyrolysis for producing porous graphene from waste tires. This method is expected to provide a new method for the valuable reuse of waste tires and a technology for large-scale, efficient and environmentally friendly production of graphene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"34 8","pages":"2195 - 2209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly flame-retardant epoxy composite using tannic acid and upcycled carbon black via mechano-fusion","authors":"Young Nam Kim,&nbsp;Yebom Kim,&nbsp;Chetna Tewari,&nbsp;Hyunsung Jeong,&nbsp;Somi Yoon,&nbsp;Yong-Seok Choi,&nbsp;Sungho Lee,&nbsp;Sung-Kon Kim,&nbsp;Yong Chae Jung","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00800-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00800-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to the urgent need for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials, this study focuses on enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy composites using eco-friendly, non-halogen flame-retardant hybrid fillers. These fillers are synthesized from tannic acid (TA) and upcycled carbon black derived from waste tires (WT-CB) via a mechano-fusion process. The resulting TA/WT-CB fillers exhibit a core–shell structure, with WT-CB uniformly coating the TA surface, significantly improving flame retardancy compared to TA alone. When incorporated into epoxy resin, the TA/WT-CB fillers not only enhance flame resistance but also improve the composite’s mechanical properties. Optimal performance was observed at a filler content of 5 wt.%, where the composite demonstrated superior flame retardancy and mechanical strength. This innovative approach not only addresses fire safety concerns but also promotes sustainability by utilizing upcycled waste materials, offering a promising solution for environmentally conscious flame-retardant technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"331 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets composite Fe3C synthesized by molten salt-mediated template method as efficient ORR catalyst for zinc-air batteries","authors":"Qing Long,&nbsp;Qianqi Wu,&nbsp;Zhiming Wen,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Chen Li,&nbsp;Huichuan Tang,&nbsp;Haitao Wang,&nbsp;Junlin Huang,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Gangyong Li,&nbsp;Wenyuan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00802-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00802-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the intrinsic activity of non-precious metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is typically lower than that of precious metal catalysts, it is crucial to focus on the rational design of their micro-morphology and active site. This paper employed a simple molten salt-mediated template method to fabricate a Fe₃C composite N-doped C catalyst with a layered porous framework (Fe₃C@NC). Tannic acid was utilized to form a strong coordination with iron to limit the grain size of Fe₃C nanocrystals generated by high-temperature pyrolysis. Moreover, urea achieved nitrogen doping in tannic acid-derived porous carbon, while the graphite phase nitrogen-doped carbon (g-C₃N₄) formed by its pyrolysis, together with the molten salt-mediated environment, jointly controlled the two-dimensional sheet-like structure of the material. The optimized Fe₃C@NC-800 demonstrated efficient ORR performance, with an ORR half-wave potential of 0.883 V. Its application as a cathode catalyst in a liquid zinc-air battery (ZABs) exhibits a maximum power density of 211.5 mW cm⁻², surpassing that of a Pt/C-based ZAB and indicating the potential practical utility of this material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"623 - 633"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropically enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites based on segregated nanocarbon networks","authors":"Gyun Young Yoo,&nbsp;Ki Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Yong Chae Jung,&nbsp;Hunsu Lee,&nbsp;Seong Yun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00799-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00799-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Segregated composites, where fillers are selectively placed at the matrix interface to form a segregated filler network, are attracting attention because they can provide excellent conductive properties at low filler content. In this study, the anisotropic enhancement in thermal conductivity of composites was discovered due to the unique structure of the segregated network. The segregated composites were produced using a typical mechanical mixing of matrix pellets and the internal structure was precisely analyzed using three-dimensional non-destructive analysis. The segregated composites slightly improved in the through-plane thermal conductivity, but the in-plane thermal conductivity increased rapidly, showing the anisotropic thermal conductivity. The maximum improvement in the in-plane thermal conductivity of the segregated composites increased by 112.5 (at 7 wt% graphene nanoplatelet) and 71.4% (at 10 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotube), respectively, compared to that of the random composites filled with the same amount of filler. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity of the segregated composites was isotropic due to the difference in the transport mechanisms of electrons and phonons. The anisotropic thermal conductivity developed by the segregated network was helpful in inducing effective heat dissipation of commercial smartphone logic boards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"321 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of changes in the structure and composition of medium–low-temperature coal tar pitch on the quality of needle coke","authors":"Ting He,&nbsp;Siying Xin,&nbsp;Louwei Cui,&nbsp;Sijie Wang,&nbsp;Shiquan He,&nbsp;Xian Xu,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;Yonghong Zhu,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Liu,&nbsp;Dong Li","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00795-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00795-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structure and composition of coal tar pitch are critical in the production of superior needle coke. We used high-temperature refined coal tar pitch (HRCTP) to modify medium–low-temperature refined coal tar pitch (MLRCTP) for needle coke preparation. Various characterization techniques were applied to evaluate the effects of the HRCTP addition on the MLRCTP's structure and composition, and to investigate the microstructural and crystallographic differences in needle coke from different feedstocks. We identified the optimal HRCTP addition level and assessed how carbonization reaction conditions influenced needle coke quality. The findings indicated that HRCTP addition increased the aromatic hydrocarbons content while reducing the heterocyclic compounds and excess alkanes, leading to enhanced structure and composition, which supported the structured development of carbon-based structures during the thermal polycondensation process. Notably, higher HRCTP amounts did not equate to better outcomes. With a 25% HRCTP additive level, the needle coke’s microstructure showed a highly ordered fibrous texture with optimal orientation, the greatest degree of graphitization, and a mature graphite crystal content of 24.84%. Further optimization of the carbonization process demonstrated that very high temperatures might cause the formation of numerous mosaic structures due to disordered radical cross-linking. Properly reducing pressure at high temperatures could promote adequate directional airflow and apply shear force during orderly stacking of the mesophase, thus enhancing the carbon lamellae’s streamline and orientation. Following the carbonization process optimization, the mature graphite crystal content in the needle coke increased from 24.84% to 39.87%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>For table of contents only</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"575 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of carbon dots produced from mangosteen through green synthesis for induced-cell proliferation and fluorescence bioimaging","authors":"Tanachporn Lukprang,&nbsp;Pakorn Preechaburana,&nbsp;Monthon Lertworapreecha,&nbsp;Supaluck Amloy","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00791-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00791-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report the simple one-step hydrothermal green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) without any chemical reagents using mangosteen pulp (CDs1), peel (CDs2), and leaf (CDs3) extract as a green carbon source. In the aqueous medium, these CDs had a size of 8–15 nm with an energy gap of about 4 eV. The CDs emitted a bright green color under ultraviolet (UV) irritation with an average fluorescence quantum yield of the CDs of 1.6%. Moreover, the CDs contained various functional groups, such as C = C, C–C, C–O–C, C–O, C = O, C–H, and O–H, which were beneficial for enhancing their fluorescence property. Furthermore, the CDs were applied in the stain fluorescent imaging of myosatellite chicken stem cells and Vero cells. The CDs2 and CDs3 induced a strong fluorescence emission intensity of the strain cells, whereas CDs1 acted as the highest potential enhancer in cell proliferation as confirmed by its cellular viability which was the around four times that of the control. Therefore, the CDs were highly biocompatible and acted as enhancers in cell proliferation in myosatellite chicken stem cells and Vero cells. Thus, simple, cost-effective, scalable, and green synthetic approach-based CDs show promise for the development of selective organelle labeling and optical sensing probes.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"309 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bromine-doped carbon dot: concentration-dependent multicolor emission, nanozyme activity, and visible-light-induced photodynamic bacterial inactivation","authors":"Suman Nayak,&nbsp;Maansi Aggarwal,&nbsp;Prolay Das","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00796-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00796-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concentration-dependent multicolor emission is an unusual yet appealing photoluminescence property of various carbonaceous nanomaterials with interesting potential applications. While carbon dots (CDs) are no exception, the predictability and tuning of the microenvironment of CD to make it suitable for displaying concentration-dependent multicolor emission is far from adequately understood. Through the novel synthesis of bromine-doped CDs (Br-CDs) via controlled hydrothermal pyrolysis, we demonstrate the capacity of the same Br-CD to emit intense red (650 nm) as well as blue fluorescence (410 nm) including intermittent colors as a function of concentration and excitation wavelength. The concentration-dependent morphological transition of the Br-CDs was ascertained using electron microscopy shedding light on their optical evolution in response to concentration changes. The phenomenon is validated as being driven by unique rearrangement and surface functionality modulation, which is essentially linked to the concentration of CD in an ensemble. Notably, the synthesized Br-CDs displayed excellent enzyme-mimicking abilities where oxidase-like activity was assessed using a tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate under visible light (LED, 23W), and peroxidase-like activity was evaluated with TMB and H₂O₂ over a wide range of pH and temperature. The visible-light-triggered generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Br-CDs proved to be an effective antibacterial agent demonstrating a significant eradication rate against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A captivating and unusual photophysical phenomenon is exhibited by Br-CD, showcasing their versatile applications in nanozymes and antibacterial interventions where emission color directly links to the activity eliminating the necessity of multiple titrations to determine concentration/units/dosage.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"593 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}