{"title":"A Process Optimization Method of the Mini-LOCOS Field Plate Profile for Improving Electrical Characteristics of LDMOS Device","authors":"Shaoxin Yu, Weiheng Shao, Pei-Xiong Gao, Xiang Li, Rongsheng Chen, Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1049/2023/5298361","DOIUrl":"10.1049/2023/5298361","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this work, the effects of the mini-local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) field plate’s bottom physical profile on the devices’ breakdown performance are analyzed through technology computer-aided design simulations. It is indicated that the “abrupt” bottom profile could certainly do with an optimization. This paper introduces an effective process improvement method by etching bias power adjustment and time reduction. The upgradation of the field plate physical profile has been proved by transmission electron microscope cross-section analysis. The angle for the bottom surface of mini-LOCOS field plate <i>θ</i><sub>2</sub> is improved from 11.9° to 12.6°, and the thickness ratio of <i>H</i><sub>up</sub>/<i>H</i><sub>bottom</sub> (field plate oxide thickness for the upper and bottom, respectively) is increased from 71.8% to 76.6%. Finally, the optimized laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor devices have been fabricated, and both figure of merit curves and safe operation area curves are measured. The specific on-resistance <i>R</i><sub>on,sp</sub> could achieve as low as 11.3 m<i>Ω</i> mm<sup>2</sup>, while breakdown voltage <i>BV</i><sub>ds,max</sub> arrives at 37.4 V, which is nearly 19.3% improved.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/2023/5298361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Binary and Ternary Logic Inverters Based on Silicon Feedback FETs Using TCAD Simulator","authors":"Ashkan Horri","doi":"10.1049/2023/8833764","DOIUrl":"10.1049/2023/8833764","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A feedback field effect transistor (FBFET) with p-n-p-n structure benefits from a positive feedback mechanism. In this structure, the accumulated charges in its potential well and limitation of carrier flow by its internal potential barrier lead to superior electrical properties such as lower subthreshold swing (SS) and higher <i>I</i><sub>ON</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>OFF</sub> ratio in comparison with FinFET. Thus, FBFET is a promising alternative for digital applications such as logic inverters. In this paper, binary and ternary logic inverters are designed by using FBFETs with 40 nm channel length. The doping profile in the device plays an essential role and specifies the binary or ternary operation of the inverter. The inverter is analyzed by using a TCAD mixed-mode simulator. The results indicate the high value of 10<sup>10</sup> for <i>I</i><sub>ON</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>OFF</sub> ratio with an extremely low SS (1 mV/decade). The voltage transfer characteristics of the inverter and its dependence on doping levels have been investigated. Also, the electrical properties of this inverter are compared with previous inverter counterparts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/2023/8833764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Low-Cost Full W-Band 8th Harmonic Mixers for Frequency Extension of Spectrum Analyzer","authors":"Jian Guo, Kaiyi Zang, Zihan Zhang, Liang Zhao, Jie Xu, Zhengbin Xu","doi":"10.1049/2023/8196039","DOIUrl":"10.1049/2023/8196039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>High-order harmonic mixer is popular for frequency extension of spectrum analyzer (SA) from microwave to millimeter-wave or even terahertz band. The manufactures of SA usually offer expensive harmonic mixers where frequency extension is needed. In this work, low-cost designs of 2-port and 3-port W-band 8th harmonic mixers covering 75–110 GHz are proposed, and design method of two port mixer without frequency diplexer to separate local oscillator (LO) and intermediate frequency (IF) signals are first presented. These two kinds of mixers are compatible with almost all the current SAs with frequency extension options, which provides LO for the external harmonic mixer. The mixers are designed with planar microstrip lines and antiparallel Schottky diodes. The circuit of 2-port mixer includes the input broadband bandpass filter, diodes, output lowpass filter, and matching circuits. As for 3-port mixer, only an extra diplexer is needed to separate the IF signal and LO signal. The diplexer is composed of a planar semi-lumped lowpass and a highpass filter. The planar circuits are easily fabricated with low-cost print circuit board process on polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. The measured conversion loss of 2-port 8th harmonic mixer is from 20 to 26 dB, and 23 to 28 dB for 3-port mixer at full W-band. The good measured results indicate the proposed mixers are simple and effective.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/2023/8196039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Approach to Increase Power-Added Efficiency in a 5 GHz Class E Power Amplifier in 0.18 µm CMOS Technology","authors":"Hemad Heidari Jobaneh","doi":"10.1049/2023/5586912","DOIUrl":"10.1049/2023/5586912","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A new approach to increasing the power-added efficiency (PAE) of a class E power amplifier (PA) is proposed in this paper. The PA operates at a 5 GHz frequency and a reactance compensation technique is utilized to maximize the bandwidth at the operating frequency. The driver stage creates either a half-wave rectified sine wave or a half-wave rectified sawtooth wave. By applying each one of the waves, the performance of the PA is examined and PAE = 70% and PAE = 50% is achieved. Plus, the output power of the PA is about 26 dBm when the DC voltage supply is 1.8 V. Advanced design system and TSMC 0.18 <i>µ</i>m CMOS process are utilized to carry on the simulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/2023/5586912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative Target Tracking Method with Improved Generative Adversarial Network","authors":"Yongping Yang, Hongshun Chen","doi":"10.1049/2023/6620581","DOIUrl":"10.1049/2023/6620581","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Multitarget tracking is prone to target loss, identity exchange, and jumping problems in the context of complex background, target occlusion, target scale, and pose transformation. In this paper, we proposed a target tracking algorithm based on the conditional adversarial generative twin networks, using the improved you only look once multitarget association algorithm to classify and detect the position of the target to be detected in the current frame, constructing a feature extraction model using generative adversarial networks (GANs) to learn the main features and subtle features of the target, and then using GANs to generate the motion trajectories of multiple targets, finally fuzing the motion and appearance information of the target to obtain the optimal match. The optimal matching of the tracked targets is obtained. The experimental results under OTB2015 and IVOT2018 datasets demonstrate that the proposed multitarget tracking algorithm has high accuracy and robustness, with 65% less jumps and 0.25% more accuracy than the current algorithms with minimal identity exchange and jumps.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/2023/6620581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linear broadband interference suppression circuit based on GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuits","authors":"Megan C. Robinson, Zoya Popović, Gregor Lasser","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents simulation and measurement results of a 2–4 GHz octave bandwidth interference suppression circuit. The circuit accomplishes the function of a tunable frequency notch through an interferometer architecture. The relative delay in the interferometer paths is varied with GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit tunable delay lines. The delay is adjusted by varying the drain voltage of cold-FET connected high electron mobility transistors acting as varactors. Two types of periodically-loaded delay lines are compared: a uniform and a tapered design. A simple theoretical study, relating the delays and amplitudes in the interferometer circuit branches, is developed to inform the design. Two interference suppression hybrid circuits are implemented, and measurements demonstrate a 25–40 dB notch across the 2.24–4 GHz range for the uniform delay line, and 2.32–4.13 GHz for the tapered design. The return loss for both designs remains below 10 dB. Measurements with two tones spaced 0.5 and 1 GHz for varying tone power are performed to quantify suppression. The circuit can handle an input power of 37 dBm and maintains performance with two simultaneous 25 dBm tones spaced 0.5 GHz apart. Linearity is characterised with 10 MHz two-tone measurements, and the circuit demonstrates a 3rd-order intercept input power larger than 30 dBm for control biases above −12 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50144516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical model analysis and reliability design approach of Quartz Flexible Accelerometer under fractured state","authors":"Tingyu Xiao, Chunxi Zhang, Lailiang Song, Longjun Ran, Wanying Huang","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, the Quartz Flexible Accelerometer (QFA) mounted for the applications working in high acceleration environment are suffering from the fracture of the flexible beams under external acceleration shock. This paper presents the mechanical model and reliability design approach of QFA to maintain the measuring ability under a fractured state. The structural parameters changed significantly in the mechanical model under a fractured state compared to those in the original model. A modified structure to maintain the measuring ability of QFA under a fractured state is designed with the reference of the sensitive module in Electrostatic Suspended Accelerometer (ESA). The corresponding close-loop system is corrected and discretised to ensure the stability requirements of the mechanical model. A static experiment is conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model by a prototype QFA with completely fractured flexible beams. The result shows helpful on the preliminary research for QFA with the similar sensitive structure to ESA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvements in reliability and radio frequency performance of junctionless tunnelling field effect transistor using p+ pocket and metal strip","authors":"Alireza Zirak","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, a new p<sup>+</sup> pocket stacked gate oxide junctionless tunnelling field effect transistor (junction less tunnelling field effect transistor (JLTFET)) which has metal strip in gate oxide layer is proposed for analogue/RF circuit applications. Due to the insertion of a p<sup>+</sup> pocket in source/channel junction and the use of metal strip in oxide layer, the following properties of the proposed JLTFET are resulted. First, the tunnelling barrier width is reduced in the source/channel junction thereby, electrons easily tunnel from the source to the channel. Second, the hole concentration (empty state) in the channel is increased, leading to higher electron contribution in the tunnelling process. These improvements are useful in achieving high drain current and steep subthreshold swing. As a result, the maximum ON current of 4.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> A/μm and average subthreshold swing of 40 mV/decade are obtained from simulation results. Moreover, as compared to conventional JLTFET, the proposed JLTFET provides improvements in reliability and analogue/radio frequency (RF) performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"235-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A chipless light switch for smart-homes","authors":"Abdullah S. Almansouri","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The limited and inconvenient functionality of conventional light switches is out of pace with current advancements in wireless sensors. A chipless RFID light switch (CLS) that is passive, battery-free and relocatable and maintains the convenience of having physical buttons for controlling lightbulbs or other electrical devices is introduced. These characteristics have been achieved by attaching single-pole-single-through toggle switches to the edges of radio frequency spiral resonators. The status of the switches activates or deactivates the resonators, allowing the CLS tag to passively communicate the status of the switches. A CLS tag with two ID resonators (used for tag identifications), and two measurement resonators [MRs] (connected with switches and used to communicate the status of the switches) was designed and fabricated using a 1-mm-thick FR4 substrate. Measurement results showed resonant frequencies at 1115 and 1220 MHz corresponding to the ID resonators and frequencies at 848 and 971 MHz corresponding to the MRs. Turning the switches OFF and ON successfully activated and deactivated the MRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"244-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retracted","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Retraction: [Xiaojian Wang, Xiaoye Sun, Zixuan Wang, Construction of visual evaluation system for building block night scene lighting based on multi-target recognition and data processing, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12154)].</p><p>The above article [<span>1</span>] from IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, published online on 22 February 2023 in the Wiley Online Library (https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/cds2.12154) has been retracted by agreement between the editor-in-chief, Harry E. Ruda, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a guest-edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards, and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. Therefore, we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50120245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}