Iet Circuits Devices & Systems最新文献

{"title":"A 128 Gbps PAM-4 feed forward equaliser with optimized 1UI pulse generator in 65 nm CMOS","authors":"Jiawei Wang,&nbsp;Hao Xu,&nbsp;Ziqiang Wang,&nbsp;Haikun Jia,&nbsp;Hanjun Jiang,&nbsp;Chun Zhang,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A quarter-rate PAM-4 FFE employing INCC 1UIPG is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. The proposed INNC 1UIPG reduces the average transition time by ~20%, saving clocking power consumption by ~1.5X, lowering jitter amplification by about 2~5 dB compared with previous works. Along with the bandwidth- and power-efficient partially segmented tailless 1-stage front-end architecture, the proposed FFE achieves 128Gbps PAM-4 data rate with a 0.014 mm² area.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50139373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined capacitor current balancing method with weighting factor control for multi-string LED drivers","authors":"Hajar Sedghi,&nbsp;Mohammad Sarvi","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A multi-string LED lamp driver is presented involving a boost converter and a multi-output CLL resonant converter as the first and second stages, respectively. The CLL resonant converter works in a fixed resonant frequency, and output currents are controlled by the boost converter regulated by the Weighting Factor control method. Also, the boost converter improves and controls its input voltage. Since CLL resonant converters operate at fixed resonant frequency, primary-side MOSFETs can achieve zero voltage switching, while secondary-side rectifier diodes achieve zero current switching. A prototype of the proposed system was constructed to verify the theoretical results by practical implementation. Also, the general features of the proposed structure were compared with some other similar works. Results confirmed the accuracy and favourable performance of the proposed system. In fact, the proposed LED driver achieved good current balancing in a wide range of input voltage and unbalanced loads making the structure potentially suitable for application in solar home systems (SHS).</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 3","pages":"135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50120596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retracted: Multi-mode urban rail transit and spatial coordinated development based on deep learning system","authors":"Xiaojian Wang,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoye Sun","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Retraction: [Xiaojian Wang, Zixuan Wang, Xiaoye Sun, Multi-mode urban rail transit and spatial coordinated development based on deep learning system, <i>IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems</i> 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12144)].</p><p>The above article from <i>IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems</i>, published online on 10 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor-in-Chief, Harry E. Ruda, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer revie process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PVT resilient true-time delay cell","authors":"Ahmad Yarahmadi,&nbsp;Abumoslem Jannesari","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A true-time delay (TTD) cell in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology for 1–5 GHz applications is presented. Process variations, ageing effects, field variations, and other non-idealities have some impacts on the TTD cell's devices. One of the vulnerable specifications of TTD cells is their delay variation. While the TTD cell works in a delay line, the cell must have a constant and robust delay in the frequency band. For this matter, the body bias technique is presented and applied to the inductor-less TTD cell. With this technique, the threshold voltage can be manipulated intentionally. So, any variation in this voltage can be compensated with the body biasing of transistors. The simulation results show the TTD cell's robust performance against non-idealities, while delay variation improves more than 3× times in the frequency band of interest. This TTD cell provides a 50.95 pS delay with only 2% variation, while S₁₁ and S₂₂ parameters are lower than −10 dB in the 1–5 GHz frequency band. IIP3 of the TTD cell is about 2.7 dBm, and the power consumption is 20.5 mW.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 2","pages":"95-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50146407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 1.0 fJ energy/bit single-ended 1 kb 6T SRAM implemented using 40 nm CMOS process","authors":"Chua-Chin Wang,&nbsp;Ralph Gerard B. Sangalang,&nbsp;I-Ting Tseng,&nbsp;Yi-Jen Chiu,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Lin,&nbsp;Oliver Lexter July A. Jose","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ultra-low-energy SRAM composed of single-ended cells is demonstrated on silicon in this investigation. More specifically, the supply voltages of cells are gated by wordline (WL) enable, and the voltage mode select (VMS) signals select one of the corresponding supply voltages. A lower voltage is selected to maintain stored bit state when cells are not accessed, lowering the standby power. And when selecting a cell (i.e. WL is enabled) to perform the read or write (R/W) operations, the normal supply voltage is used. A 1-kb SRAM prototype based on the single-ended cells with built-in self-test (BIST) and power-delay production (PDP) reduction circuits was realised on silicon using 40-nm CMOS technology. Theoretical derivations and simulations of all-PVT-corner variations are also disclosed to justify low energy performance. Physical measurements of six prototypes on silicon shows that the energy per bit is 1.0 fJ at the 10 MHz system clock.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 2","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50146406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for calculation of closed-form response of linear time-invariant systems to periodic input signals","authors":"Ahmad Safaai-Jazi","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12142","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A new method for finding closed-form time-domain solutions of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with arbitrary periodic input signals is presented. These solutions, unlike those obtained based on the conventional Fourier-phasor method, have a finite number of terms in one period. To implement the proposed method, the following steps are carried out: (1) For a given system, represented by a transfer function, an impulse response, a block diagram etc., the governing differential equation relating the output of the system, &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $y(t)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, to its input, &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x(t)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, is obtained. (2) An auxiliary differential equation is formed by simply replacing &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $y(t)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;‾&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $overline{y}(t)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and equating the input side to&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $x(t)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; alone. The auxiliary differential equation is solved for each time segment of the input signal in one period, leaving the constant coefficients associated with the homogeneous solutions as unknowns. For an &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;th-order system with an input signal consisting of &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; segments in one period, there are &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 2","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50120207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retracted: Multi-vehicle group-aware data protection model based on differential privacy for autonomous sensor networks","authors":"Jiazheng Yuan,&nbsp;Zhuang Wang,&nbsp;Cheng Xu,&nbsp;Hongtian Li,&nbsp;Songyin Dai,&nbsp;Hongzhe Liu","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Retraction: [Jiazheng Yuan, Zhuang Wang, Cheng Xu, Hongtian Li, Songyin Dai, Hongzhe Liu, Multi-vehicle group-aware data protection model based on differential privacy for autonomous sensor networks, <i>IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems</i> 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12140)].</p><p>The above article from <i>IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems</i>, published online on 29 December 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor-in-Chief, Harry E. Ruda, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer revie process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"278-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends towards privacy-preservation in Internet of Things, its challenges and future directions","authors":"Mahdi Safaei Yaraziz,&nbsp;Ahmad Jalili,&nbsp;Mehdi Gheisari,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is a self-configuring, intelligent system in which autonomous things connect to the Internet and communicate with each other. As ‘things’ are autonomous, it may raise privacy concerns. In this study, the authors describe the background of IoT systems and privacy and security measures, including (a) approaches to preserving privacy in IoT-based systems, (b) existing privacy solutions, and (c) recommending privacy models for different layers of IoT applications. Based on the results of our study, it is clear that new methods such as Blockchain, Machine Learning, Data Minimisation, and Data Encryption can greatly impact privacy issues to ensure security and privacy. Moreover, it makes sense that users can protect their personal information easier if there is fewer data to collect, store, and share by smart devices. Thus, this study proposes a machine learning-based data minimisation method that, in these networks, can be very beneficial for privacy-preserving.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 2","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and hardware demonstration of smart meter by cloud interface","authors":"Sofana Reka Sudhakar Govindarajulu,&nbsp;Robin Karipat Justine,&nbsp;V. Ravi,&nbsp;Prakash Venugopal,&nbsp;Hassan Haes Alhelou","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the proposed model is developed by employing a smart metre design which is done by controlling and monitoring the system frequency. This model estimates the changes in the frequency in accordance to the loading conditions of the power system, overload or under load-conditions respectively. The estimated frequency is analysed by employing a smart metre design, which estimates the change in the system frequency caused by overload or under-load conditions and compared with a reference frequency value set by the load dispatching unit in the control server. In this analysis, the line responsible for the frequency change are being isolated from the rest of the system or given only based on the demand power as per the priority loads. The proposed model is equipped with an embedded realistic system set along with a synchronised network and central server by using a cloud computing approach as a test bed laboratory set up. The parameters of the electric power are based on load forecasting involved for setting the required reference frequency. The model is developed with a realistic approach by developing the prototype. The work employs both software and hardware modelling with cloud interface. A complete hardware demonstration rig is developed with a smart metre design and experimental results are studied and demonstrated using cloud interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 2","pages":"62-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retracted: Research on wavelet neural network PID control of maglev linear synchronous motor","authors":"Jun Mao,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1049/cds2.12136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Retraction: [Jun Mao, Jun Ma, Research on wavelet neural network PID control of maglev linear synchronous motor, <i>IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems</i> 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12136)].</p><p>The above article from <i>IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems</i>, published online on 8 December 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor-in-Chief, Harry E. Ruda, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.</p>","PeriodicalId":50386,"journal":{"name":"Iet Circuits Devices & Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":"268-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cds2.12136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}