International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis on Vibration Characteristics of Lumbar Spine Using a Whole Human Body Finite Element Model","authors":"Jian-Song Dou,&nbsp;Chi Zhang,&nbsp;Dong-Xiang Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Fan","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most existing lumbar biomechanical studies relied on isolated lumbar spine models with simplified boundary conditions, which failed to fully capture the vibration transmission behavior and mechanical responses of the lumbar spine in an intact human body environment. The objective of this study was to establish a whole human body finite element model with detailed lumbar spine structures under a driving posture, and investigate the vibration characteristics of the lumbar spine in a whole-body physiological environment. Multiple validation tests were performed to ensure the accuracy of the model. The results of geometric measurement validation, static validation, and dynamic validation showed that the numerical values calculated by the proposed model were generally consistent with published data. Specifically, the first-order resonant frequency in the vertical direction obtained from this model was 5.2 Hz, which was closer to the 4–6 Hz range from in vivo experiments than the 11.7 Hz from the isolated lumbar spine model. The model established in this study had advantages over isolated lumbar spine models in terms of vibration transmission performance and could produce more accurate calculation results. It could provide a computational tool and a research basis for investigating lumbar injury mechanisms in drivers and conducting coupled mechanical analysis of the human body–seat system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Balloon Modeling for Robust Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Simulation","authors":"Clément Joly,&nbsp;Adrien Kaladji,&nbsp;Aline Bel-Brunon,&nbsp;Pascal Haigron","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the standard treatment for atherosclerotic stenoses. It involves inflating a balloon inside the stenosis to create large deformations and achieve permanent enlargement of the lumen. PTA is typically performed prior to the placement of a stent as a preliminary <i>reshaping</i> procedure. Reshaping angioplasty as a standalone treatment emerged since the introduction of drug-coated balloons. PTA numerical simulation can help predict procedure outcomes, but faces challenges in cases of severe stenosis, notably due to balloon modeling strategy: exhaustive folded balloon models are computationally costly, while simplified balloon surface models experience excessive membrane strains which compromise simulation robustness. This work introduces a new strategy based on sequential balloon modeling (SBM). SBM aims to ensure the robustness of PTA finite element simulation, in cases of high inflation range, for example, PTA on severe stenosis. Such condition results in a high gain from the initial to the maximal balloon diameter, causing simulation divergence due to excessive element deformation, combined with contact. SBM limits the deformation experienced by the balloon by dividing the whole inflation in several steps, each with a limited amount of diametral gain for the balloon. The angioplasty balloon is replaced by several balloons, modeled as unfolded, which come into play sequentially. These artificial balloons aim to dilate the stenosed artery progressively and to reproduce the pressure-diameter curve of the modeled balloon as described by the manufacturer datasheet. In this work, SBM is combined with parametric stenosis modeling to build a robust and versatile model for estimating the permanent set after reshaping. To demonstrate the robustness of this strategy, we first investigate parametric single-stenosis models to assess the influence of geometric parameters and plaque type on post-PTA results. We focus on severe degrees of stenosis and large artery calibers, which are rarely studied in the literature. We then illustrate how this strategy can be used to replicate a complex, patient-specific iliac artery stenosis case by combining single-stenosis models. The SBM strategy demonstrates promising results in terms of versatility and robustness, paving the way for further PTA simulation validation and mechanical insights to optimize treatment strategies for severe stenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Structural Analysis of Auxetic Metamaterial Stent Designs for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using Finite Element Simulation","authors":"Yung-Chang Lu,&nbsp;Lin-I Hsu,&nbsp;Chih-Feng Lin,&nbsp;Chi-Pin Hsu,&nbsp;Ting-Kuo Chang,&nbsp;Tsung-Yu Lin,&nbsp;Chang-Hung Huang","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thoracic aortic aneurysms often require large-diameter stent grafts; however, conventional designs exhibit poor wall apposition and limited adaptability to complex anatomies. Although auxetic metamaterials with a negative Poisson's ratio show promise for stent applications, the optimal design configuration remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the mechanical performance of different auxetic stent designs and identify the most suitable configuration. Quasi-static experimental tests were conducted for validation, alongside finite element (FE) simulations under clinically relevant loading conditions, including parallel compression, radial compression, and radial expansion, to evaluate deployment behavior. Four auxetic designs, including rotating square (RS), re-entrant (RE), peanut (PN), and rotating triangle (RT), were investigated using magnesium alloy specimens. The results show that auxetic geometry significantly affects recoiling, stiffness, and deformation. The RT design demonstrated a more balanced mechanical response under the current evaluation criteria, with substantially lower radial stiffness (6291 N/m), representing an 84%–97% reduction compared to the other designs, and moderate foreshortening (7.10%), lower than RE (13.62%) and PN (9.61%) while comparable to RS (5.49%). Despite exhibiting a relatively higher recoil, these findings suggest its potential for controlled deployment and stable apposition.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Simulation of Male Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Flow Characteristics and Novel Quantitative Indicators","authors":"Guang Li,&nbsp;Zhong Chen,&nbsp;Youmin Hu","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is diagnosed through clinical urodynamics, an invasive method with many limitations, including side effects or surgical complications. This study introduces evaluation strategies for BOO recognition based on uroflowmetry test. In this study, a catheter-free male lower urinary tract (LUT) model was developed for hydrodynamics simulation. The pressure and velocity distributions in urethras with different obstruction degrees were analyzed under a fixed vesical pressure, and the effect of obstruction on urine flow under transient vesical pressure input was investigated. Dynamic analysis revealed that the assignments of urethral pressure and velocity were substantially influenced by the extent and location of obstruction. The global maximum pressure and velocity differences between obstructed and healthy urethra models reached 28.8 cm H2O and 2.41 m/s, respectively, at a constant bladder pressure input of 50 cm H2O. Vortices emerged at different segments along the obstruction, resulting in energy loss in the urine stream. Based on uroflowmetry data from 300 subjects, four dimensionless evaluation parameters were designed to distinguish healthy individuals from those with BOO, with <i>p</i>-values of &lt; 0.001, 0.05, 0.001, and 0.02, respectively. The distributions of pressure, velocity, and vortex provide significant guidance for customized BOO surgery. In addition, the means and indicators of dimensionless evaluation have a crucial contribution to identify male BOO by uroflowmetry examination.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> This experiment was certified by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200063467).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path Planning of Flexible Needle Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Yan-Jiang Zhao,&nbsp;Wen-Shuo Shen,&nbsp;Hui Gao,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Yong-De Zhang,&nbsp;He Zhang,&nbsp;Guang-Cai Xia","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, flexible needles have garnered significant research attention due to their outstanding steerable flexibility. Path planning of flexible needles is key to achieving intelligent navigation. However, existing path-planning methods for flexible needles are often trapped in local optima, failing to identify the globally optimal insertion trajectory. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel hybrid path planning algorithm by combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA) mechanism to enhance the global search capabilities. By integrating the probabilistic judgment and the annealing mechanism of SA, the particle diffusion mechanism can be changed and the inertia weight of PSO can be dynamically adjusted, which effectively reduces the risk of premature convergence of the algorithm. Simulations were conducted in a prostate-anatomy-mimicking environment, and the results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can achieve superior planning outcomes compared to the traditional PSO. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, five trials of insertion experiments were performed for each of two targets. For target₁, the experimental results showed a mean error of 1.25 mm, a root mean square error of 1.43 mm, and a maximum error of 2.22 mm. For target₂, the corresponding errors were 1.21 mm, 1.40 mm, and 2.19 mm, respectively. This level of accuracy met the requirements of general clinical procedures and supports the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. This work advanced the clinical applications of the flexible needle and enhanced the development of intelligent navigation systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fully Automated Pipeline for Vertebral Structural Assessment From Medical Images. Application Under Metastatic Conditions","authors":"B. Gandia-Vañó,&nbsp;J. M. Navarro-Jiménez,&nbsp;J. J. Ródenas,&nbsp;E. Arana,&nbsp;E. Nadal","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spinal bone metastases often lead to vertebral fractures and other skeletal events that severely affect patients' quality of life. Predicting structural failure is essential for guiding treatment and preventing complications. However, conventional assessment tools have limited predictive power, highlighting the need for computational methods capable of simulating disease progression and its mechanical consequences. This study aimed to develop a fully automated, patient-specific methodology to predict vertebral structural behavior from computed tomography (CT) data, supporting clinical decision-making and treatment planning. The proposed pipeline integrates three main components: a deep neural network for semantic segmentation of vertebrae and metastatic regions from CT scans, the Coherent Point Drift (CPD) algorithm to ensure consistent alignment and automated definition of boundary conditions across datasets, and the Cartesian Grid Finite Element Method (cgFEM) to simulate the vertebral mechanical response under metastatic involvement. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the predicted outcomes with reference data, using precision, sensitivity, and specificity to assess reliability. The proposed workflow achieved full automation from CT imaging to fracture risk estimation. The segmentation module showed high accuracy across multiple metrics, enabling robust model generation. Geometric normalization and CPD-based boundary condition assignment standardized vertebral geometries across studies, while cgFEM simulations provided clinically interpretable metrics such as safety factors and stability variations associated with tumor size, location, and density. These analyses enabled the identification of scenarios linked to a higher fracture risk. The main limitations include the use of fixed boundary conditions and a predefined voxel threshold, which may reduce physiological realism and generate false positives. Overall, this work presents an end-to-end, patient-specific framework for automated fracture risk evaluation in metastatic vertebrae. By combining deep-learning-based segmentation, geometric normalization, CPD alignment, and cgFEM simulations, the method produces clinically relevant outputs that can guide therapeutic strategies. Future developments will focus on integrating patient-specific loading data and predictive modeling to support incorporation into clinical decision support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Degradable Mg-Alloy Implants for Femoral Neck Fractures: Subject-Specific Finite Element Analysis Integrated With Bone Remodelling","authors":"Biswajit Mahapatra,&nbsp;Bidyut Pal","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stable internal fracture fixation is essential for femoral neck fractures to achieve better healing and minimise post-operative (PO) complications. Though conventional Ti-alloy used in implant materials provides adequate strength, it induces high strain shielding and also requires secondary removal surgery. In contrast, biodegradable magnesium alloys demonstrate better biocompatibility and are emerging as promising alternatives for implant applications. To evaluate the biomechanical behaviour of femoral neck fractures (Pauwels Types I–III) in a subject-specific femoral model treated with the femoral neck system (FNS) made from Ti-alloy and time-dependent biodegradable Mg alloy. A femoral model was reconstructed from the CT-scan data of a healthy adult male and Pauwels Types I–III fracture patterns were subsequently generated. Finite element simulations were conducted under both normal walking and stair-climbing load conditions. Ti-alloy properties were constant, while Mg-alloy modulus was updated daily over 1 year using an exponential degradation model. Bone remodelling was simulated using a strain energy-based algorithm. Strain shielding at the equilibrium state decreased by as much as 45.55% in the Mg-alloy implant model compared with its immediate PO condition and a similar decrease of around 11.44% was observed in the Ti-alloyed model. The cut-out risk after reaching the equilibrium (AE) condition was reduced by up to 6.74% for the Mg-alloy case compared to the PO scenario. Mg-alloy implants demonstrated greater bone apposition (up to 1.13 g/cm³) compared to the Ti-alloyed implant in AE conditions. Micromotion remained below 150 μm in all models and decreased by approximately 24% after reaching equilibrium. Mg-alloy FNS implants enhance physiological load transfer, reduce shielding and maintain fixation stability during degradation, indicating strong potential as biodegradable alternatives to Ti-alloy implants for femoral neck fracture fixation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Specific In Silico Prediction of Outcomes of Partial Continuous-Flow LVAD Treatment in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy","authors":"Juliet Nagawa,&nbsp;Kevin L. Sack,&nbsp;N. John Nchejane,&nbsp;Y. Dodzi Motchon,&nbsp;Mazin S. Sirry,&nbsp;Sarah Kraus,&nbsp;Neil H. Davies,&nbsp;Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi,&nbsp;Thomas Franz","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with severe peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) often receive mechanical circulatory support with good outcomes. However, mechanisms underlying the functional improvements are poorly understood for patients with different PPCM characteristics. This study investigated effects of partial, continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support on cardiac function and mechanics in patients with different PPCM severity. Patient-specific biventricular finite element models of six patients with different PPCM severity were developed from magnetic resonance images and combined with a circulatory system model, including variable LVAD support. Ventricular function and myocardial mechanics were predicted and changes due to LVAD support were quantified. The LVAD support decreased LV myofiber stress and increased ejection fraction (EF). EF increased steadily (two patients), fluctuated (two patients), or peaked before a steady decrease (two patients) with increasing LVAD speed. Improvement due to LVAD support was greater for PPCM patients with higher disease severity than those with lower disease severity. The LVAD and native LV jointly generated stroke volume (SV) in four patients, and the LV contribution diminished with increasing LVAD speed. In the two patients with the lowest EF, the LVAD was the sole source of SV. The improvement of cardiac function and mechanics due to LVAD support in PPCM exceeds that reported for chronic heart failure due to ischaemia. However, the predicted variability of the LVAD benefits with PPCM severity and mechanical support level suggests the need and potential for further studies to guide clinicians in selecting personalised treatment parameters required for optimised LVAD therapy for each PPCM patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Rotational Speed and Descending Aortic Flow on Hemodynamics of a Modular Intra-Aortic Entrainment Pump: A Numerical Study","authors":"Jianqiang Hao,&nbsp;Guangmao Liu,&nbsp;Shengshou Hu","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of rotational speed and descending aortic flow on hemodynamics of a modular intra-aortic entrainment pump. A modular intra-aortic entrainment pump was placed in the descending aorta, and the hemodynamics of the intra-aortic entrainment pump were investigated by computational fluid dynamics methods in relation to rotational speed and descending aortic flow. This study shows that the modular intra-aortic entrainment pump can generate more cumulative flow at lower speeds. When cardiac function is limited and the rotational speed is too high, a portion of the blood that has just been pumped is reabsorbed into the blood pump, which may cause the cumulative flow through the pump to be greater than the flow through the descending aorta. There is a strong linear relationship between cumulative flow through the modular intra-aortic entrainment pump and rotational speed, but it is not sensitive to descending aortic flow. It provides a new direction for estimating pump flow rates for this type of device. It was also found that a high rotational speed leads to an increase in turbulent kinetic energy, shear stress volume fraction, and hemolysis index within the flow field near the modular intra-aortic entrainment pump, while a decrease in descending aortic flow results in a significant increase in hemolysis index. This shows that the rotational speed of the modular intra-aortic entrainment pump needs to be adjusted according to the degree of heart failure to avoid secondary blood damage and increased ventricular afterload.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial Growth and Remodeling in Layered and Toroidal Geometries Using Constrained Mixture Theory","authors":"J. Weissmann,&nbsp;J. D. Humphrey","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The arterial wall undergoes continual growth and remodeling (G&amp;R) in response to mechanical and biological cues via processes that can also contribute to pathological changes such as aneurysmal dilatation. Computational modeling has proven instrumental in investigating such phenomena. Here, we present a computational framework for arterial G&amp;R based on a constrained mixture theory and applied to simulate aneurysm mechanics in the ascending or descending thoracic aorta. This framework supports curved, multilayered geometries and incorporates diverse tissue constituents, including elastic fibers, fibrillar collagens, smooth muscle cells, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). For the descending aorta, we implemented a bilayer configuration and compared the outcomes to prior models and murine data. This multilayered structure confirmed distinct remodeling patterns between the media and adventitia. Inclusion of GAGs, despite their low abundance in healthy tissue, was found to affect the mechanical responses, highlighting yet again their potential role in vascular biomechanics. For the ascending aorta, a parameter study was conducted to assess the impact of vessel curvature and material properties on the G&amp;R process while introducing elastic fiber dysfunction at various locations. Simulations demonstrated that vessel curvature strongly affects both the spatial distribution and extent of remodeling, particularly when mechanical insults localize along the outer curvature. Together, these initial studies further demonstrate the capability and versatility of our modeling platform for investigating region-specific adaptation or disease progression in complex aortic geometries. This framework may support future mechanistic investigations focused on layered vessel structures and constituent-specific dysfunction, contributing to a deeper understanding of aneurysm development and progression.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}