International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Comparing the bone regeneration potential between a trabecular bone and a porous scaffold through osteoblast migration and differentiation: A multiscale approach","authors":"Santanu Majumder,&nbsp;Abhisek Gupta,&nbsp;Ankita Das,&nbsp;Ananya Barui,&nbsp;Mitun Das,&nbsp;Amit Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3821","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3821","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both cell migration and osteogenic differentiation are critical for successful bone regeneration. Therefore, understanding the mechanobiological aspects that govern these two processes is essential in designing effective scaffolds that promote faster bone regeneration. Studying these two factors at different locations is necessary to manage bone regeneration in various sections of a scaffold. Hence, a multiscale computational model was used to observe the mechanical responses of osteoblasts placed in different positions of the trabecular bone and gyroid scaffold. Fluid shear stresses in scaffolds at cell seeded locations (representing osteogenic differentiation) and strain energy densities in cells at cell substrate interface (representing cell migration) were observed as mechanical response parameters in this study. Comparison of these responses, as two critical factors for bone regeneration, between the trabecular bone and gyroid scaffold at different locations, is the overall goal of the study. This study reveals that the gyroid scaffold exhibits higher osteogenic differentiation and cell migration potential compared to the trabecular bone. However, the responses in the gyroid only mimic the trabecular bone in two out of nine positions. These findings can guide us in predicting the ideal cell seeded sites within a scaffold for better bone regeneration and in replicating a replaced bone condition by altering the physical parameters of a scaffold.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of left atrial wall motion assumptions in fluid simulations on proposed predictors of thrombus formation","authors":"Henrik A. Kjeldsberg,&nbsp;Carlos Albors,&nbsp;Jordi Mill,&nbsp;David Viladés Medel,&nbsp;Oscar Camara,&nbsp;Joakim Sundnes,&nbsp;Kristian Valen-Sendstad","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3825","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses a significant risk of stroke due to thrombus formation, which primarily occurs in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Medical image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can provide valuable insight into patient-specific hemodynamics and could potentially enhance personalized assessment of thrombus risk. However, the importance of accurately representing the left atrial (LA) wall dynamics has not been fully resolved. In this study, we compared four modeling scenarios; rigid walls, a generic wall motion based on a reference motion, a semi-generic wall motion based on patient-specific motion, and patient-specific wall motion based on medical images. We considered a LA geometry acquired from 4D computed tomography during AF, systematically performed convergence tests to assess the numerical accuracy of our solution strategy, and quantified the differences between the four approaches. The results revealed that wall motion had no discernible impact on LA cavity hemodynamics, nor on the markers that indicate thrombus formation. However, the flow patterns within the LAA deviated significantly in the rigid model, indicating that the assumption of rigid walls may lead to errors in the estimated risk factors. In contrast, the generic, semi-generic, and patient-specific cases were qualitatively similar. The results highlight the crucial role of wall motion on hemodynamics and predictors of thrombus formation, and also demonstrate the potential of using a generic motion model as a surrogate for the more complex patient-specific motion. While the present study considered a single case, the employed CFD framework is entirely open-source and designed for adaptability, allowing for integration of additional models and generic motions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.3825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational assessment of carbon fabric reinforced polymer made prosthetic knee: Mechanics, finite element simulations and experimental evaluation","authors":"Kannan Amudhan,&nbsp;Arunachalam Vasanthanathan,&nbsp;Johnson Anish Jafrin Thilak","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3827","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3827","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A prosthetic knee is designed to replace the functionality of an anatomical knee in transfemoral amputees. The purpose of a prosthetic knee is to restore mobility and compensate amputees for their impairment. In the present research numerical modelling and simulation of a carbon fabric reinforced polymer made polycentric prosthetic knee with four-bar mechanism was performed. Virtual prototyping with computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering software ensured geometric and structural stability of the knee design. The linkage mechanism, instantaneous centre's location and trajectory were investigated using multibody dynamics and analytical formulations. Computational simulations with a non-linear finite element model were employed with joints, contact formulations and an orthotropic material model to predict the displacement, stress formulated and life of the knee prosthesis under static and cyclic loading conditions. Finite element analysis assessed the strength and durability of knee in accordance to standards. Maximum Principal stress of 155 MPa and life expectancy of 3.1 × 10⁶ cycles were determined for the composite knee through numerical simulations ensuring a safe design. Experimental testing was also conducted as per standards and the percentage error was estimated to be 2.52%, thereby establishing the validity of the finite element model deployed. This type of simulation-based approach can be implemented to efficiently and affordably design and prototype a prosthetic knee with desired functioning criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-automatic algorithm to build finite element numerical models of the human hearing system from Micro-CT data","authors":"L. Caminos,&nbsp;G. Chaves,&nbsp;J. Garcia-Manrique,&nbsp;A. Gonzalez-Herrera","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3817","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Finite Element modeling has been an extended methodology to build numerical model to simulate the behavior of the hearing system. Due to the complexity of the system and the difficulties to reduce the uncertainties of the geometric data, they result in computationally expensive models, sometimes generic, representative of average geometries. It makes it difficult to validate the model with direct experimental data from the same specimen or to establish a patient-oriented modeling strategy. In the present paper, a first attempt to automatize the process of model building is made. The source information is geometrical information obtained from CT of the different elements that compose the system. Importing that data, we have designed the complete procedure to build a model including tympanic membrane, ossicular chain and cavities. The methodology includes the proper coupling of all the elements and the generation of the corresponding finite element model. The whole automatic procedure is not complete, as we need to make some human-assisted decisions; however, the model development time is reduced from 4 weeks to approximately 3 days. The goal of the modeling algorithm is to build a Finite Element Model with a limited computational cost. Several tasks as contour identification or model decimation are designed and integrated in order to follow a semi-automated process that allows generating a patient-oriented model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.3817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thorax computed tomography (CTX) guided ground truth annotation of CHEST radiographs (CXR) for improved classification and detection of COVID-19","authors":"Şükrü Mehmet Ertürk,&nbsp;Tuğçe Toprak,&nbsp;Rana Günöz Cömert,&nbsp;Cemre Candemir,&nbsp;Eda Cingöz,&nbsp;Zeynep Nur Akyol Sari,&nbsp;Celal Caner Ercan,&nbsp;Esin Düvek,&nbsp;Berke Ersoy,&nbsp;Edanur Karapinar,&nbsp;Atadan Tunaci,&nbsp;M. Alper Selver","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3823","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3823","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Several data sets have been collected and various artificial intelligence models have been developed for COVID-19 classification and detection from both chest radiography (CXR) and thorax computed tomography (CTX) images. However, the pitfalls and shortcomings of these systems significantly limit their clinical use. In this respect, improving the weaknesses of advanced models can be very effective besides developing new ones. The inability to diagnose ground-glass opacities by conventional CXR has limited the use of this modality in the diagnostic work-up of COVID-19. In our study, we investigated whether we could increase the diagnostic efficiency by collecting a novel CXR data set, which contains pneumonic regions that are not visible to the experts and can only be annotated under CTX guidance. We develop an ensemble methodology of well-established deep CXR models for this new data set and develop a machine learning-based non-maximum suppression strategy to boost the performance for challenging CXR images. CTX and CXR images of 379 patients who applied to our hospital with suspected COVID-19 were evaluated with consensus by seven radiologists. Among these, CXR images of 161 patients who also have had a CTX examination on the same day or until the day before or after and whose CTX findings are compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia, are selected for annotating. CTX images are arranged in the main section passing through the anterior, middle, and posterior according to the sagittal plane with the reformed maximum intensity projection (MIP) method in the coronal plane. Based on the analysis of coronal MIP reconstructed CTX images, the regions corresponding to the pneumonia foci are annotated manually in CXR images. Radiologically classified posterior to anterior (PA) CXR of 218 patients with negative thorax CTX imaging were classified as COVID-19 pneumonia negative group. Accordingly, we have collected a new data set using anonymized CXR (JPEG) and CT (DICOM) images, where the PA CXRs contain pneumonic regions that are hidden or not easily recognized and annotated under CTX guidance. The reference finding was the presence of pneumonic infiltration consistent with COVID-19 on chest CTX examination. COVID-Net, a specially designed convolutional neural network, was used to detect cases of COVID-19 among CXRs. Diagnostic performances were evaluated by ROC analysis by applying six COVID-Net variants (COVIDNet-CXR3-A, -B, -C/COVIDNet-CXR4-A, -B, -C) to the defined data set and combining these models in various ways via ensemble strategies. Finally, a convex optimization strategy is carried out to find the outperforming weighted ensemble of individual models. The mean age of 161 patients with pneumonia was 49.31 ± 15.12, and the median age was 48 years. The mean age of 218 patients without signs of pneumonia in thorax CTX examination was 40.04 ± 14.46, and the median was 38. When working with different combinations of COVID-Net's six variants, the area un","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.3823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140597257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of minimal lumen segmentation uncertainty on patient-specific coronary simulations: A look at FFRCT","authors":"Daniel Fernández-Martínez,&nbsp;María Reyes González-Fernández,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Nogales-Asensio,&nbsp;Conrado Ferrera","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3822","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3822","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined the effect of minimal lumen segmentation uncertainty on Fractional Flow Reserve obtained from Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>FFR</mi>\u0000 <mi>CT</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math>. A total of 14 patient-specific coronary models with different stenosis locations and degrees of severity were enrolled in this study. The optimal segmented coronary lumens were disturbed using intra <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 <mn>6</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math> and inter-operator <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 <mn>15</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow></math> variations on the segmentation threshold. <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>FFR</mi>\u0000 <mi>CT</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> was evaluated in each case by 3D-OD CFD simulations. The findings suggest that the sensitivity of <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>FFR</mi>\u0000 <mi>CT</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> to this type of uncertainty increases distally and with the stenosis severity. Cases with moderate or severe distal coronary lesions should undergo either exact and thorough segmentation operations or invasive FFR measurements, particularly if the <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>FFR</mi>\u0000 <mi>CT</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> is close to the cutoff (0.80). Therefore, we conclude that it is crucial to consider the lesion's location and degree of severity when evaluating <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>FFR</mi>\u0000 <mi>CT</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow></math> results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.3822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the utilization of the adjoint method in microwave tomography","authors":"Damla Alptekin Soydan,&nbsp;Can Barış Top,&nbsp;Nevzat G. Gençer","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3818","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3818","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In microwave imaging, the adjoint method is widely used for the efficient calculation of the update direction, which is then used to update the unknown model parameter. However, the utilization and the formulation of the adjoint method differ significantly depending on the imaging scenario and the applied optimization algorithm. Because of the problem-specific nature of the adjoint formulations, the dissimilarities between the adjoint calculations may be overlooked. Here, we have classified the adjoint method formulations into two groups: the <i>direct</i> and <i>indirect</i> methods. The <i>direct</i> method involves calculating the derivative of the cost function, whereas, in the <i>indirect</i> method, the derivative of the predicted data is calculated. In this review, the <i>direct</i> and <i>indirect</i> adjoint methods are presented, compared, and discussed. The formulations are explicitly derived using the two-dimensional wave equation in frequency and time domains. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are conducted to show the different uses of the adjoint methods for both single source-multiple receiver, and multiple transceiver scenarios. This study demonstrated that an appropriate adjoint method selection is significant to achieve improved computational efficiency for the applied optimization algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.3818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of the distal stent graft-induced new entry after TEVAR","authors":"Meixuan Li,&nbsp;Tao Ma,&nbsp;Yunhan Cai,&nbsp;Jianming Li,&nbsp;Zhuangyuan Meng,&nbsp;Zhihui Dong,&nbsp;Shengzhang Wang","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study aimed to investigate the mechanical factors for distal stent graft-induced new entry (dSINE) in aortic dissection patients and discussed these factors in conjunction with aortic morphology. Two patients (one dSINE and one non-dSINE), with the same age, gender, and type of implanted stent, were selected, then aortic morphological parameters were calculated. In addition, the stent material parameters used by the patients were also fitted. Simulations were performed based on the patient's aortic model and the stent graft used. The true lumen segment at the distal stent graft was designated as the “dSINE risk zone,” and mechanical parameters (maximum principal strain, maximum principal stress) were computed. When approaching the area with higher mechanical parameters in the dSINE risk zone, dSINE patient exhibited higher values and growth rates in mechanical parameters compared to non-dSINE patient. Furthermore, dSINE patient also presented larger aortic taper ratio, stent oversizing ratio, and expansion mismatch ratio of the distal true lumen (EMRDTR). The larger mechanical parameters and growth rates in dSINE patient corresponded to a greater aortic taper ratio, stent oversizing ratio, and EMRDTR. The failure of dSINE prediction by the stent tortuosity index indicated that mechanical parameters were the fundamental reasons for dSINE development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the efficacy of voltage protocols in characterising ion channel kinetics: A novel information-theoretic approach","authors":"Matthew W. Jennings,&nbsp;Perumal Nithiarasu,&nbsp;Sanjay Pant","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3815","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Voltage-clamp experiments are commonly utilised to characterise cellular ion channel kinetics. In these experiments, cells are stimulated using a known time-varying voltage, referred to as the voltage protocol, and the resulting cellular response, typically in the form of current, is measured. Parameters of models that describe ion channel kinetics are then estimated by solving an inverse problem which aims to minimise the discrepancy between the predicted response of the model and the actual measured cell response. In this paper, a novel framework to evaluate the information content of voltage-clamp protocols in relation to ion channel model parameters is presented. Additional quantitative information metrics that allow for comparisons among various voltage protocols are proposed. These metrics offer a foundation for future optimal design frameworks to devise novel, information-rich protocols. The efficacy of the proposed framework is evidenced through the analysis of seven voltage protocols from the literature. By comparing known numerical results for inverse problems using these protocols with the information-theoretic metrics, the proposed approach is validated. The essential steps of the framework are: (i) generate random samples of the parameters from chosen prior distributions; (ii) run the model to generate model output (current) for all samples; (iii) construct reduced-dimensional representations of the time-varying current output using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD); (iv) estimate information-theoretic metrics such as mutual information, entropy equivalent variance, and conditional mutual information using non-parametric methods; (v) interpret the metrics; for example, a higher mutual information between a parameter and the current output suggests the protocol yields greater information about that parameter, resulting in improved identifiability; and (vi) integrate the information-theoretic metrics into a single quantitative criterion, encapsulating the protocol's efficacy in estimating model parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.3815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A probabilistic neural twin for treatment planning in peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis","authors":"John D. Lee,&nbsp;Jakob Richter,&nbsp;Martin R. Pfaller,&nbsp;Jason M. Szafron,&nbsp;Karthik Menon,&nbsp;Andrea Zanoni,&nbsp;Michael R. Ma,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Feinstein,&nbsp;Jacqueline Kreutzer,&nbsp;Alison L. Marsden,&nbsp;Daniele E. Schiavazzi","doi":"10.1002/cnm.3820","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.3820","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The substantial computational cost of high-fidelity models in numerical hemodynamics has, so far, relegated their use mainly to <i>offline</i> treatment planning. New breakthroughs in data-driven architectures and optimization techniques for fast surrogate modeling provide an exciting opportunity to overcome these limitations, enabling the use of such technology for time-critical decisions. We discuss an application to the repair of multiple stenosis in peripheral pulmonary artery disease through either transcatheter pulmonary artery rehabilitation or surgery, where it is of interest to achieve desired pressures and flows at specific locations in the pulmonary artery tree, while minimizing the risk for the patient. Since different degrees of success can be achieved in practice during treatment, we formulate the problem in probability, and solve it through a sample-based approach. We propose a new offline–online pipeline for probabilistic real-time treatment planning which combines <i>offline</i> assimilation of boundary conditions, model reduction, and training dataset generation with <i>online</i> estimation of marginal probabilities, possibly conditioned on the degree of augmentation observed in already repaired lesions. Moreover, we propose a new approach for the parametrization of arbitrarily shaped vascular repairs through iterative corrections of a zero-dimensional approximant. We demonstrate this pipeline for a diseased model of the pulmonary artery tree available through the Vascular Model Repository.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}