International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Multiscale Computational Model of Endothelial-Immune Cell Interactions Regulated by Dynamic Wall Shear Stress","authors":"Yu-Yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yi-Teng Wang,&nbsp;Yong-Jiang Li,&nbsp;Yan Qiu,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Kai-Rong Qin","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atherosclerotic plaque formation alters local vascular geometry, leading to disturbed blood flow patterns. These geometric irregularities produce spatial heterogeneity in wall shear stress (WSS), which plays a critical role in endothelial dysfunction and early immune cell recruitment during atherogenesis. However, the dynamic effect of spatial heterogeneity of wall shear stress on endothelial-immune interactions remains unclear. A multiscale computational model that integrates hemodynamics, endothelial cell phenotype transitions, and immune responses was developed. The model is used to investigate endothelial cell (EC) phenotype transitions and immune cell dynamics under varying damage threshold (<i>D</i>_NO) conditions. Low-shear stress regions were found to expand with increasing <i>D</i>_NO. Nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased, leading to accelerated EC activation and death. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) expression was elevated, and monocyte recruitment and differentiation were enhanced, resulting in a higher proportion of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. The model reproduced experimental observations and provided robust predictions under different <i>D</i>_NO scenarios. These results indicate that dynamic WSS drives EC state transitions and regulates immune cell recruitment and differentiation, providing a framework for studying vascular inflammation. Spatially heterogeneous WSS induces local NO depletion, which accelerates EC activation and death in low-shear stress regions, explaining focal endothelial dysfunction. EC injury further increases MCP-1 production, enhances monocyte recruitment, and promotes macrophage polarization toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, demonstrating the ability of the model to capture flow-dependent vascular immune dynamics and inflammatory lesion development. This work provides mechanistic insight into the interplay between mechanical forces and vascular immune responses and may guide strategies for preventing endothelial injury and promoting anti-inflammatory therapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Coupled Aqueous Humor Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Realistic 3D Human Eye Geometry","authors":"Thomas Saigre,&nbsp;Vincent Chabannes,&nbsp;Christophe Prud'homme,&nbsp;Marcela Szopos","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a comprehensive computational model to simulate the coupled dynamics of aqueous humor flow and heat transfer in the human eye. To manage the complexity of the model, we make significant efforts in meshing and efficient solution of the discrete problem using high-performance resources. The model accurately describes the dynamics of the aqueous humor in the anterior and posterior chambers and accounts for convective effects due to temperature variations. Results for fluid velocity, pressure, and temperature distribution are in good agreement with existing numerical results in the literature. Furthermore, the effects of postural changes and wall shear stress behavior are analyzed, providing new insights into the mechanical forces acting on ocular tissues. Overall, the present contribution provides a detailed three-dimensional simulation that enhances the understanding of ocular physiology and may contribute to further progress in clinical research and treatment optimization in ophthalmology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Different Vibration Loads and Body Postures on Sacroiliac Joints: Implications for Low Back Pain","authors":"Chi Zhang,&nbsp;Li-Xin Guo","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sacroiliac joints (SIJ) injury has been recognised as a crucial cause of low back pain (LBP), but investigations on SIJ are insufficient. The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanism of SIJ injury induced by different vibration conditions and body inclinations and thus to analyse the relationship between vibration and LBP. Based on whole-body finite element models, eight load cases were analysed, where the multi-axis vibration loading cases were closer to the typical vehicle environment. In addition, three different body inclinations were involved to analyse the effect of body inclinations on vibration transmission of SIJ. The results showed that the vertical vibration would induce larger loads on SIJ than the fore-and-aft vibration. Single-axis vibrations tended to cause large fore-and-aft loads of SIJ, and multi-axis vibrations tended to cause large vertical loads. For the three body inclinations, static loads on SIJ were minimal at 100° and dynamic loads were minimal at 110°, which indicated that the 100° inclination was a recommended sitting posture for occupational drivers to reduce their incidence of LBP. These findings might be helpful for understanding the association between different vibration conditions and LBP, and provide reasonable ergonomics recommendations for occupational drivers to reduce the incidence of LBP.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meshless Computing Method for Simulating Bone Remodeling Process","authors":"Pei Qin,&nbsp;Jigang Chen,&nbsp;Huabin Huang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Cong Liu","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone remodeling refers to the physiological behavior of bone tissue changes with changes in the biomechanical environment. Researches of bone remodeling process are significant for bone tissue engineering. The use of numerical simulation technology is an important means to analyze the bone remodeling process. The research of computational methods can deeply reveal the growth law of bone tissue under external load and environmental effects. This work aims to develop the computational model using a meshless method, and simulate an evolution of the porous structure of trabecular bone. The main research objectives include: (1) proposing a novel bone remodeling model based on the radial point interpolation method (RPIM), which integrates the mechanical and biological aspects of bone remodeling; (2) analyzing the theoretical foundations of the meshless method, including the mechanical model driven by strain energy stimulation and the biological model regulated by cell growth, death, and proliferation. This work and the presented cases are limited to two-dimensional areas. The results demonstrate that the proposed bone remodeling model can reflect the bone remodeling process and reflect the dynamic changes inside the bone throughout its life cycle. The developed computational algorithm is highly efficient, and can form the porous structure of trabecular bone through image fitting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Macro–Micro FE and Machine Learning Based Design of Diamond Lattice Tibial Implant to Improve Biomechanical and Osseointegration Performance","authors":"Minku,&nbsp;Rajesh Ghosh","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor long-term implant–bone fixation remains a significant clinical problem for Total Ankle Replacement (TAR). Recent advancements in metal additive manufacturing technology facilitate the development of porous lattice-structured implants. However, the optimal porous structure parameter, especially porosity, for the designing of porous implants for TAR remains ambiguous. The objective of the present study is to design porous diamond-structured tibial implant for TAR using macro–micro FE and Machine Learning (ML) based approach to enhance biomechanical and osseointegration performance. Four porous diamond architectures were designed with porosity varying from 50% to 80%. The study entails the macro-microscale FE modelling of four different porous diamond structured tibial implants (PDSTI) to assess the biomechanical performance and to perform bone ingrowth simulations using a physics based progressive mechanoregulatory tissue differentiation algorithm. ML models were used to predict the value of site-specific bone ingrowth, and the average value was compared between these PDSTI. ML models were accurately able to predict the site-specific bone ingrowth for each PDSTI. Bone ingrowth results revealed that the PDSTI at 70% porosity is more conducive to bone formation as well as better load transfer (less stress shielding) to the bone in comparison to a traditional solid implant. The lowest value of bone ingrowth was noted for the PDSTI at 80% porosity, indicating that large porosity is not suitable for bone ingrowth. The findings ultimately contribute to improving the clinical outcomes for TAR by reducing the risk of aseptic loosening.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Osteoporotic Spongy Bone Using Cellular Structures","authors":"Alireza Mohammadi,&nbsp;Reza Hedayati,&nbsp;Mojtaba Sadighi","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mechanical properties of spongy bone are a function of the tissue's microstructure including the strength and microarchitecture of the trabeculae. The thickness and number of trabeculae (morphological data) are the most important parameters that can indicate the porosity of tissue. Osteoporosis is known as a decrease in the thickness or loss of trabeculae that causes a reduction in the density and strength of bone. This research aims to model osteoporosis using cellular (lattice) structures and also presents mechanical relationships to predict tissue behavior during osteoporosis using morphological data for spongy tissue. Experimental trendlines (Young's modulus and relative density) are developed and equivalent lattice structures for osteoporotic spongy bone are presented using eight different types of unit cells such as cubic, hexagonal, tesseract, diamond, BCC, truncated cube, octahedral, and rhombic dodecahedron. Also, structural damage modes including trabeculae thinning, trabeculae elimination, and hybrid mode are implemented for determining the optimum geometrical characteristics of lattice structures for modeling osteoporosis. Comparison between normalized elastic moduli for unit cell structures indicates that the diamond unit cell exhibits less than 5% difference with experimental values. Also, for a reduction of relative density from 0.3 to 0.1 as a result of the hybrid damage mode, the normalized elastic moduli of the diamond numerical model and experimental result were reduced by about 0.013 and 0.0186, respectively. Finally, results show that among all the unit cell types, the diamond unit cell when used alongside the hybrid damage mode can predict the osteoporosis behavior of bone with the best accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic Force Modeling of Upper-Shape Loop Combined With Micro-Implant for the Treatment of Molar Arch Adduction","authors":"Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Jingang Jiang,&nbsp;Shuojian Zhai,&nbsp;Liang Yao,&nbsp;Yujian Tan,&nbsp;Yongde Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70129","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Malocclusion mainly manifested as crowded dentition and lordosis of the roof of the mouth. In order to treat malocclusion, it is necessary to guide and control the position of the teeth. Usually, the first premolars are removed to provide enough space for correction, and the upper-shape loop combined with micro-implant anchorage (USL-MIA) technology is adopted to achieve the purpose of adduction correction of the dental arch of the patient's oral grinding. In the treatment of malocclusion with USL or MIA, physicians rely on experience to approximate the magnitude and direction of the correction force generated by the USL or MIA deformation, and there will be bias. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical reference for doctors in the treatment of USL-MIA. The elastic deformation of the USL-MIA is analyzed, and the theoretical corresponding relationship between the USL-MIA deformation and the therapeutic force is calculated by using Castigliano's theorem so as to establish a theoretical model of the therapeutic force of the USL-MIA. In order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model of correcting force, the theoretical value calculation, finite element simulation analysis, and experimental measurement of the archwire combined with MIA with different materials, section sizes, and section shapes were carried out. The correlation analysis of the obtained values shows that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the theoretical data and the simulation data is &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ξ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;89.7&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {xi}_{mathrm{A}}ge 89.7% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the theoretical data and the experimental data is &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ξ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;88.9&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {xi}_{mathrm{B}}ge 88.9% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and Pearson correlation coefficient between the simulation data and the experimental data is &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ξ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;87.2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {xi}_Cge 87.2% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. This model can help ","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Squishy Effect in Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis","authors":"Raffaella Rizzoni,&nbsp;Roberto Tonelli,&nbsp;Alessandro Marchioni","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the juxtaposition of preserved regions and fibrotic areas creates heterogeneous lung mechanics and abnormal stress environments, which are hypothesized to activate mechanotransduction pathways and drive fibrosis progression. This study uses the “squishy ball lung” concept to quantify the potentially injurious mechanical stimuli arising from this heterogeneity. We developed a mechanical model that simulates the static inflation of an alveolus. This is described as a hyperelastic membrane with surface tension that is partially confined by springs representing fibrotic tissue. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to assess the mechanical state under various confinement conditions. FEA revealed bulging deformation and significant meridian stress/strain peaks at transitions between confined and unconfined zones, which could potentially exceed safe physiological limits. To rigorously evaluate the predicted stress and strain environment, as well as its sensitivity to parameter uncertainty, such as material properties and the extent of confinement, we performed comprehensive uncertainty quantification (UQ) and quantitative sensitivity analysis (QSA). UQ confirmed the robustness of these localized stress peaks across parameter variations, while QSA identified the angle of confinement and spring stiffness as the primary determinants of peak stress magnitude. By quantifying these potentially injurious stress peaks, this study provides insights into the mechanical environment hypothesized to initiate mechanotransduction pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), laying the groundwork for future studies that incorporate biological responses such as growth and remodeling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Inflammation and Tissue Turnover in the Modeling of Atherosclerosis Development Following the Outside-In Disease Approach","authors":"Meisam Soleimani,&nbsp;Danial Pourbandari,&nbsp;Melody Chemaly,&nbsp;Philipp Junker,&nbsp;Axel Haverich,&nbsp;Peter Wriggers,&nbsp;T. Christian Gasser","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity worldwide. However, its onset and progression are still difficult to predict, and it remains unclear why certain arterial segments develop lesions while others remain unaffected. Recent findings highlight a prominent role of the vasa vasorum (VV)—the small blood vessels embedded within the walls of larger arteries—in driving disease development through an outside-in mechanism. In this view, perfusion deficits caused by vascular dysfunction may trigger chronic inflammation and promote plaque formation. To investigate this mechanism, we propose a novel multi-field model that combines tissue turnover, inflammation, and kinematics-based tissue growth. Perfusion is governed by a diffusion–reaction equation and accounts for VV dysfunction in supplying the outer arterial layers. Inflammation is captured through a phase-field representation that tracks the evolving interface between non-inflamed and inflamed tissue. A multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient then combines the inflammation-driven swelling and the homeostasis-driven tissue turnover, which itself is regulated by mechanical stress. The numerical implementation is realized using the standard finite element method. We assess model performance and plausibility through well-designed numerical case studies. The acquired simulation results highlight the coupled interaction among transport of blood-borne factors, inflammation, and mechanics, ultimately emphasizing how compromised VV can initiate a vicious cycle of ischemia, inflammation, and plaque growth in an outside-in fashion. In addition, we show how a moderate increase in blood pressure may result in a progressive increase in peak stress within atherosclerotic plaque tissue. Although our atherosclerosis model yields plausible predictions and allows deep insights into the interaction of mechanics, inflammation and tissue turnover, it is based on multiple modeling approximations, assumptions that would need sound validation in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Coupling Strategies for 1D–3D Simulations of Coronary Hemodynamics","authors":"P. L. J. Hilhorst,&nbsp;A. J. E. Vermeer,&nbsp;K. Zając,&nbsp;M. van 't Veer,&nbsp;M. Rezaeimoghaddam,&nbsp;F. N. van de Vosse,&nbsp;W. Huberts","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Noninvasive prediction of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) from imaging data through computational modeling has emerged as a promising alternative to invasive pressure measurements. Simulating coronary physiology, specifically coronary stenosis, poses a significant challenge due to the complex geometries of stenotic lesions and the need for physiologically realistic boundary conditions. Coupled 1D–3D modeling frameworks integrate a global one-dimensional (1D) circulation model with localized three-dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), enabling dynamic updates of boundary conditions and more accurate hemodynamic simulation. In this study, we couple a global 1D model of the coronary tree and partial systemic circulation with 3D CFD simulations using synthetically generated coronary stenosis geometries. We created three lesion types—symmetric, eccentric, and irregular—at severities of 50%, 70%, and 80%, to evaluate explicit coupling strategies for FFR prediction. We compare a steady-state 3D simulation driven by mean flow from the transient 1D model with transient 3D simulations that exchange data continuously at every step or only at the end of the converged cardiac cycle. Applied to the synthetic stenotic geometries, all approaches predicted similar FFR values, while the steady-state strategy achieved a significant reduction in computational cost, rendering it the most efficient for FFR prediction. Moreover, for irregular lesion geometries, localized 3D modeling revealed discrepancies in pressure loss compared to a simplified lumped model, demonstrating the added value of high-fidelity 3D simulations in complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}