International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Mechanobiological Modeling of Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Sensitivity Analyses on Cell-Specific Parameters, Loading Conditions, and Cage Material","authors":"Davide Ninarello,&nbsp;Hanna Isaksson,&nbsp;Luigi La Barbera","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite decades of clinical experience, lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) still leads to pseudoarthrosis in 5%–28% of patients. Although tissue-differentiation algorithms offer a powerful predictive framework, their application to spinal fusion modeling is currently limited. In this study, we present one of the first mechano-regulated tissue differentiation algorithms incorporating cell-phenotype-specific activities, with the goal to simulate the fusion process after posterior-LIF. The influence of the model input parameters (<i>n</i> = 23) was first assessed in 2D through fractional factorial analyses to identify the most influential parameters and quantify their effect. Second, we simulate a 3D idealized case study of posterior-LIF at the L4-L5 spinal level. The effects of interbody cage material (Ti6Al4V vs. PEEK) and loading conditions (standing vs. daily activity) on bone concentration and distribution were investigated. The fractional factorial analyses identified the rates of bone formation and degradation as the most influential parameters, followed by the osteoblast migration rate and key parameters governing mesenchymal stem cell activities. From the LIF model, simple standing led to higher bone formation in the posterior disc region, whereas daily activity promoted anterior bone formation, in agreement with clinical observations. The stiffer Ti6Al4V cage induced stress shielding and resulted in sub-optimal tissue stimulation, whereas the softer PEEK cage promoted appropriate mechanical stimulation, leading to both internal and lateral bony bridging formation. This work demonstrated the potential of our novel mechano-regulated tissue-differentiation algorithm to predict clinically observed fusion patterns and support future assessments of surgical procedures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Physiological States on the Progression and Rupture Risks of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Hemodynamic Study Combining Computational Fluid Dynamics With in Vitro Experiments","authors":"Yue Che,&nbsp;Xiran Cao,&nbsp;Fan Liu,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhao,&nbsp;Weimin Zheng,&nbsp;Jing Zhu,&nbsp;Xuelan Zhang,&nbsp;Chang Shu,&nbsp;Mingyao Luo","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70224","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 70%–90% mortality rate of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) demonstrates the necessity of investigating progression and rupture. The progression and rupture risks of AAAs are influenced by the physiological states of patients, such as exercise and intense emotions. Understanding this association aids in the management of AAAs, but related research remains limited. This study aims to explore the impact of physiological states on progression and rupture risks of AAAs. Different physiological states of a selected AAA patient (characterized by heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), and the rest and exercise conditions) were simulated by altering the inflow and outflow conditions in computational fluid dynamics and in vitro experiments, and hemodynamics were obtained and analyzed. When HR ≥ 105 bpm, systolic pressure of AAA exceeded 140 mmHg (hypertension). SV ≤ 17 mL induced low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) (&lt; 0.4 Pa) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) (&gt; 0.25); SV ≥ 26 mL induced systolic pressure ≥ 155 mmHg. Increasing BP from 100/60 to 140/100 mmHg and PP from 20 to 60 mmHg, raised the pressure on AAA vascular wall by 53.42% and 15.09%, respectively. Exercise induced higher TAWSS than rest (2.103 vs. 0.644 Pa). These findings rely on a patient-specific model to preliminarily explore the mechanisms and trends of physiological states affecting AAA progression and rupture risks. Large sample studies are needed in the future to validate the conclusions of this study and establish clinical reference risk thresholds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Computational Framework for Modelling Subject Specific Changes in Knee Ligaments and Tibiofemoral Contact Associated With Varus Deformity","authors":"Milan Chandarana,&nbsp;Manish Gupta,&nbsp;Deepak Gautam,&nbsp;Bhavuk Garg,&nbsp;Rajesh Malhotra,&nbsp;Anoop Chawla,&nbsp;Kaushik Mukherjee","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Varus deformity is a pathological knee condition described by outward bowing of the joint and increased medial compartment loading, both of which contribute to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. This study presents a subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling framework to investigate ligamentous characteristics and tibiofemoral contact mechanics for subjects having a varus deformity. A cohort of osteoarthritic subjects with varus deformity and undergoing total knee replacement surgery was analyzed in a standing posture. For each subject, musculoskeletal models with subject-specific knee joint anatomy were developed. A Taguchi-based experimental design was implemented to quantify the influence of individual ligament group slack lengths on the varus alignment. Subsequently, subject-specific ligament slack lengths combinations were predicted using a search-based optimisation that minimises the muscle-volume-weighted sum of squared muscle activations. The MCL-G and LCL-G groups were identified as the dominant influencers of varus angles. Optimisation revealed that specific varus alignments were associated with distinct laxity of medial and lateral soft tissue. These ligamentous adjustments corresponded to a significant medial shift in the tibiofemoral contact centre relative to a neutral alignment. Furthermore, higher degrees of varus malalignment correlated with a substantial increase in the mean total knee joint reaction force and a concurrent increase in the knee adduction moment. The proposed framework provides a subject-specific in silico approach for quantifying ligament adaptations and contact forces associated with varus deformity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Mitral Valve on the Intra Ventricular Hemodynamics","authors":"Salomé Bru,&nbsp;Damien Garcia,&nbsp;Simon Mendez,&nbsp;Franck Nicoud","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70218","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To evaluate the impact of intracardiac flow features on the efficiency of the transfer of the myocardium's contractile mechanical power into blood flow hydraulic power. A time evolving 3D mesh corresponding to a patient-specific left heart was generated from medical images to obtain the intracardiac hemodynamics via computational fluid dynamics. A parametric model of the mitral valve is used to investigate the influence of its opening area and orientation on the hemodynamics. The complete ventricular kinetic energy balance equation is established, and its terms are quantified to characterize the fraction of contractile power transferred to the blood flow. The simulations indicate that the influence of MV on blood flow pattern and vortices is significant. Dissipation and TKE in the left ventricle have a strong dependence on the MV model. Their values are higher when mimicking pathologies such as calcification of the MV (resulting in a smaller opening area), and reduced when the opening area is larger. While the orientation of the MV opening exerts a considerable impact on flow patterns, its effect on dissipation and TKE is less pronounced. For all the cases considered, the amount of energy dissipated over one cardiac cycle is a small fraction (1%–2%) of the energy at play to pump blood towards the aorta. In absence of valve leakage, the energy dissipated by viscous effect is marginal in all the healthy and pathological cases considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Open-Source Topology Optimization Framework for ISO 10328-Compliant, Image-Driven Prosthetic Foot Design","authors":"Ekrem Ekici,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Dalaq","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prosthetic foot design remains relatively rudimentary, as high-strength materials such as metals and carbon-fiber composites limit fabrication methods and design freedom. Conventional approaches rely on size optimization of simple geometries, which do not fully capture anatomical boundaries or natural force transmission through the foot. Here, we adopt an initial design domain derived from the side profile of an actual human leg, providing a more anatomically consistent and patient-specific basis for topology optimization. We present a fully automated, open-source framework for prosthetic foot design that incorporates ISO 10328 boundary conditions to ensure reliability. Topology optimization is used to determine the optimal material distribution, followed by geometry smoothing for 3D printing. A key outcome is a universal design curve obtained through nondimensionalization: <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CEL</mi>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>F</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {CEL}_f/{F}^2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, linking material stiffness, foot size, and patient weight. This enables direct design selection without rerunning optimization for each patient, cutting out design time and cost. Overall, the framework provides a fast, scalable approach to personalized prosthetic design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Torsion Into 3D Geometric Reconstruction of Left-Ventricle From 2D Echocardiography and Its Impact on Hemodynamics","authors":"Sai Sree Chandra Sirani,&nbsp;Hossein Geshani,&nbsp;Minako Katayama,&nbsp;Syed Samar Abbas,&nbsp;Marek Belohlavek,&nbsp;Iman Borazjani","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In addition to systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation, torsional motion is an essential component of left ventricle (LV) wall motion, but its effect on LV hemodynamics is not fully understood. To this end, the measured rotation of short-axis sections is incorporated into our 3D reconstruction of LV from 2D echocardiography, which serves as input to the curvilinear immersed boundary framework for LV flow simulations. The geometry is validated against sonomicrometry measurements, whose difference is found to be within the typical myocardium thickness range, and the flow is validated against intracardiac flow velocity measured by Doppler ultrasound. To assess the impact of torsion, two simulations (one including torsion and one without in the reconstruction from the same set of images) are compared. It is found that including torsion in reconstruction for a normal LV does not change the geometry, and consequently the volume and flow rates, due to the circular shape of LV short-axis sections. However, the time-averaged wall shear force increases by 12.6% during systole and drops by 4.9% during diastole when torsion is included. Torsion also reduces washout efficiency for this subject, as the volume of fluid with residence time under one cycle is 16.6% lower, while fluid staying 1–2 cycles increases by 3.7%. Viscous frictional energy loss decreases by 3.8% for LV with torsion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Poroelastic Computational Modeling Framework Coupling Left Ventricular Cardiac Mechanics and Myocardial Perfusion","authors":"Haowei An,&nbsp;Vahid Ziaei-Rad,&nbsp;Lik-Chuan Lee","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a computational modeling framework coupling a poroelastic left ventricle (LV) with lumped-parameter descriptions of the coronary and systemic circulations in a closed-loop system. The finite element method, with P1-P1-P0 discretization of the displacement, Darcy flow and pore-pressure fields, is used to solve the boundary value problem associated with the poroelastic formulation. We show that simulation of the isolated non-contractile poroelastic LV can reproduce perfusion-induced stiffening features found in measurements of pressure-volume relationships with less than 1 mmHg error. Simulations coupling the poroelastic LV with systemic and coronary circulatory models also show that the framework can produce phasic changes in coronary flow rate and myocardial wall volume that agree with the experiments. Using the framework, we investigate the effects of coronary sinus (CS) resistance on myocardial perfusion. We show that increasing CS resistance attenuates coronary flow rate, increases myocardial pore pressure, and promotes myocardial swelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadtree SBFEM and MSPM Based Uncertain Damage Analysis With Random Field Model for Soft Biological Tissues","authors":"Xingcong Dong,&nbsp;Haitian Yang,&nbsp;Feng Wu,&nbsp;Yiqian He","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a numerical model for damage problems in soft biological tissues with random fields, integrating the advantages of the modified stochastic perturbation method (MSPM) and quadtree scaled boundary finite element method (quadtree SBFEM). The anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model is used, and the damage behavior is described by a gradient-enhanced damage model without mesh dependence. The deterministic problem is formulated by the quadtree SBFEM with the benefit of convenient mesh regeneration directly from images. In order to describe spatial heterogeneous soft biological tissues, the constitutive parameters are assumed by the random field model, which is given by Karhunen–Loève (K–L) expansion. The stochastic responses of structures are solved by MSPM, for which the derivatives of the system matrices are not required. Numerical examples are conducted to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approaches and to obtain the mean values and standard deviations of the random response of spatial heterogeneous soft biological tissues damage problems, including the calculation of the probability of failure (PoF) of arterial wall during atherosclerosis in angioplasty.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Structural Optimization of Vascular Stents With Varied Materials Based on Numerical Simulation.","authors":"Mingkai Liang, Ruiqi Zhang, Yuanming Gao, Qiao Li, Li Shen, Lingsen You, Wentao Feng, Lizhen Wang, Junbo Ge, Yubo Fan","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stent implantation would alter local blood flow within the vessel. Minimizing blood flow disturbance is critical to prevent recurrent blockage, and the stent should have specific mechanical properties. Improvements in both mechanical and hemodynamic properties are essential in stent optimization. Stents made from different materials exhibit significantly varying mechanical properties, whereas their hemodynamic performance depends primarily on geometry. A multi-objective structural optimization was employed with the four structural parameters of the stent as design variables. Hemodynamic performance was measured by the oscillatory shear index, while the mechanical performance of the stent was assessed based on the maximum equivalent plastic strain and stent support force. The structural optimization of vascular stents fabricated from magnesium alloy (Mg) and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) was conducted with varying weights as the optimization objectives. The proposed radial basis function (RBF) model accurately predicted the stent structural performance. Single-objective optimization achieved maximal improvements in targeted performance but compromised other performance, while multi-objective optimization yielded more balanced overall performance. Structural parameters exhibited material-specific sensitivities. Specifically, hemodynamic performance was structure-dependent and, under the rigid-wall assumption, material-independent, whereas mechanical performance was strongly material-dependent. These findings underscore the need to consider both stent structure and material properties in optimization, providing comprehensive guidance for rational stent design.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":"e70229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling Pore Size and Porosity in Sheet-Based TPMS Scaffolds: Assessing Early Osteogenesis via a Capture-Then-Differentiate Framework.","authors":"Xiaochen Jia, Xiaoshuai Yang, Qihao Wei, Changwen Mi, Teng Lu, Jiabao Pan, Zhongwei Sun","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds possess significant application potential in bone tissue engineering owing to their smooth and continuous surface morphology and highly interconnected pore networks. However, in conventional parametric modeling of TPMS scaffolds, porosity and pore size usually vary in a coupled manner, restricting the systematic evaluation of scaffold structure-function relationships. In this study, a decoupled single-variable design strategy was adopted to construct homogeneous sheet-based TPMS scaffolds, including diamond sheet (DS), gyroid sheet (GS), and primitive sheet (PS) topologies, with independently controlled porosities (50%-90%) and pore sizes (500-900 μm). A sequential multiphysics framework integrating static compression finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the discrete phase model (DPM), and mechano-regulation analysis was established to evaluate osteogenic potential during the early post-implantation hematoma stage. Results demonstrated that porosity primarily governed apparent stiffness, while permeability was highly sensitive to topological changes and pore size enlargement. The initial capture efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was closely associated with the specific surface area (SSA) and dynamically regulated by flow trajectories and wall accessibility. Furthermore, mechano-regulation stimulus factor analysis, combining wall shear stress (WSS) and octahedral shear strain (OSS), revealed that WSS contributed dominantly to the local osteogenic microenvironment. Osteogenic differentiation efficiency was not maximized by any single structural parameter, but rather emerged from an optimal balance between the capacity to capture MSCs and adequate mechanical stimulation. These findings validate a \"capture-then-differentiate\" mechanism for early osteogenesis in sheet-based TPMS scaffolds, providing a quantitative multiphysics strategy for the topological optimization of bone scaffolds.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":"e70226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}