International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Investigation Into Bone Remodeling Around Different Co-Polymeric Swelling Bone Anchors","authors":"Amirreza Sadighi,&nbsp;Mehrangiz Taheri,&nbsp;Nolan Black,&nbsp;Moein Taghvaei,&nbsp;Madeline Boyes,&nbsp;Delaney Oeth,&nbsp;Sorin Siegler,&nbsp;Thomas P. Schaer,&nbsp;Ahmad R. Najafi","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a hygro-elastic finite element framework, along with a strain-energy-density based bone remodeling framework, was developed and used to simulate the swelling of co-polymeric bone anchors to investigate their hygro-mechanical response. To validate the numerical results, free swelling and in vivo experiments were conducted as well. The free swelling experiments were conducted on co-polymeric porous bone anchors (composed of cross-linked poly [methyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid]) with two ratios of 80/20 and 90/10 to investigate their swelling characteristics in bovine serum, mimicking in vivo conditions. Subsequently, the swelling of bone anchors was simulated embedded in bone regions with different densities. The radial stresses induced in the interface were extracted to examine the mechanical response of the surrounding bone. According to Wolff's law, such mechanical loads can be regarded by bone mechanotransducers as stimuli for remodeling. The bone remodeling framework evaluated the impact of the radial force induced by the swelling of the bone anchor on the surrounding bone. The radial stress induced by the controlled swelling ratio of 90/10 composition resulted in favorable bone densification in the region of interest (approximately between 17.5% and 54% depending on the density of the region). However, the excessive swelling of 80/20 composition caused radial stresses to go beyond the threshold of 31 MPa, causing overload resorption in the interface (especially in high-density regions, where there was total resorption in the interface) and jeopardizing the success of the bone anchor and osteointegration. It was discovered that the swelling ratio plays an important role in bone remodeling, and that it must be controlled within a certain threshold to ensure bone densification and prevent overload resorption. The results of the in vivo sheep study also confirmed these findings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Roadmap to Holographic Focused Ultrasound Approaches for Generating Gradient Thermal Patterns","authors":"Ceren Cengiz,&nbsp;Zekeriya Ender Eger,&nbsp;Mihir Pewekar,&nbsp;Pinar Acar,&nbsp;Wynn Legon,&nbsp;Shima Shahab","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In therapeutic focused ultrasound (FUS), such as thermal ablation and hyperthermia, effective acousto-thermal manipulation requires precise targeting of complex geometries, sound wave propagation through irregular structures, and selective focusing at specific depths. Acoustic holographic lenses (AHLs) provide a distinctive capability to shape acoustic fields into precise, complex, and multifocal FUS-thermal patterns. Acknowledging the under-explored potential of AHLs in shaping ultrasound-induced heating patterns, this study introduces a roadmap for acousto-thermal modeling in the design of AHLs. Three primary modeling approaches are studied and contrasted using four distinct shape groups for the imposed target field. They include pressure-based time reversal (TR) (basic (BSC-TR) and iterative (ITER-TR)), temperature-based (inverse heat transfer optimization (IHTO-TR)), and machine learning (ML)-based (generative adversarial network (GaN) and GaN with feature (Feat-GAN)) methods. Novel metrics, including image quality, thermal efficiency, thermal control, and computational time, are introduced, providing each method's strengths and weaknesses. The importance of evaluating target pattern complexity, thermal and pressure requirements, and computational resources is highlighted. As a further step, two case studies: (1) transcranial FUS and (2) liver hyperthermia, demonstrate the practical use of acoustic holography in therapeutic settings. This paper offers a practical reference for selecting modeling approaches based on therapeutic goals and modeling requirements. Alongside established methods like BSC-TR and ITER-TR, new techniques IHTO-TR, GaN, and Feat-GaN are introduced. BSC-TR serves as a baseline, while ITER-TR enables refinement based on target shape characteristics. IHTO-TR supports thermal control, GaN offers rapid solutions under fixed conditions, and Feat-GaN provides adaptability across varying application settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Role of Vasa Vasorum in the Oxygen Transport to the Aneurysm Wall","authors":"Juan R. Cebral,&nbsp;Fernando Mut,&nbsp;Rainald Lohner,&nbsp;Mukhayyirkhuja Abdurakhmonov,&nbsp;Mehdi Ramezanpour,&nbsp;Yasutake Tobe,&nbsp;Anne M. Robertson","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role of the vasa vasorum in the growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms, as well as the conditions stimulating its local development along aneurysm walls are not completely clear and have not been studied on an aneurysm-specific basis. In this study, the oxygen distribution throughout the wall of an intracranial aneurysm that underwent substantial thickening and developed an extensive adventitial vasa vasorum network was numerically modeled in order to elucidate the role played by the vasa vasorum. The computational model was constructed based on high-resolution ex vivo micro computed tomography and multi-photon microscopy images of a tissue sample of the aneurysm harvested during open surgery. The mathematical model was based on the transport equation including oxygen diffusion and consumption in the tissue and diffusion across the lumen in the intimal side, and the vasa vasorum in the adventitial side. The governing equation was numerically solved with a finite volume approach on a high-resolution mesh containing approximately 48 million tetrahedra with an element size of 10 μm. The results demonstrate that the observed vasa vasorum plexus provided adequate oxygen supply to the outer layers of the thickened walls. Furthermore, the models show that without the vasa vasorum, due to consumption throughout the wall, the oxygen demand could not be met by diffusion from the luminal surface. These findings support the idea that local hypoxic conditions in regions of increased wall thickness stimulate the development of the vasa vasorum network on the adventitial surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Fusion With Different Reinforcement Strategies","authors":"Gaiping Zhao,&nbsp;Jiancheng Ren,&nbsp;Shenglan He,&nbsp;Eryun Chen,&nbsp;Tong Ma,&nbsp;Wentao Yan,&nbsp;Kunneng Wu,&nbsp;Jie Wu","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The biomechanics of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fusion patients require further exploration, particularly regarding the efficacy of different strengthening strategies such as vertebral augmentation (VA) and ligament tethers (TE). The effects of three strengthening strategies: double-segment VA (T7&amp;T8VA), three-level posterior TE (T6-T9TE), and combination of VA with TE (VATE) were compared in osteoporotic patients using a thoracolumbar T1-L5 finite element model to assess the impact on mechanical transfer to proximal vertebrae, intervertebral disc stress, and loads on the pedicle screw system. The ratios of maximum von Mises stress at the T7 in the posterior thoracolumbar fusion (PTCF), T7&amp;T8VA, T6-T9TE, and VATE models were 1:0.87:0.75:0.64, 1:0.98:0.35:0.33, 1:0.96:0.89:0.86, and 1:0.99:0.97:0.95 for the mild osteoporotic models during flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively. Compared with the PTCF model, T7/T8 IVD maximum stresses in T7&amp;T8VA, T6-T9TE, and VATE models were decreased by 7.08%, −0.38%, 4.42%, −0.67%; 27.7%, 72.72%, 8.97%, 0.17%; and 34.51%, 73.61%, 12.57%, −0.36% under identical conditions. The stresses at SCR8 in T7&amp;T8VA, T6-T9TE, and VATE increased over the PTCF model by 2.66%, 8.23%, 1.80% and 1.26%, 1.64%, 2.72% during flexion and rotation, respectively, and decreased by 3.40%, 32.92%, 34.06% and 4.61%, 7.37%, 11.07% during extension and lateral bending, respectively. In both mild and severe osteoporotic models, the strengthening methods of T7&amp;T8VA, T6-T9TE, and VATE exhibited similar trends of changes, but the stress values were significantly higher in the latter. The combination of T7&amp;T8VA with T6-T9TE is more effective in preventing PJK after posterior long-segment T8-L5 fusion surgery than using T7&amp;T8VA alone or T6-T9TE alone for osteoporotic patients. Simulation results can provide theoretical foundations and assist surgeons in selecting the appropriate operation scheme to prevent PJK for osteoporotic patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of Intervertebral Disc Mechanical Properties and the Impact of Vertebral Alignment in Subject-Specific Finite Element Models","authors":"Emily S. Kelly,&nbsp;Akbar A. Javadi,&nbsp;Timothy P. Holsgrove,&nbsp;Michael Ward,&nbsp;David Williams,&nbsp;Jenny Williams,&nbsp;Cathy Holt,&nbsp;Judith R. Meakin","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subject-specific finite element models could improve understanding of how spinal loading varies between people, based on differences in morphology and tissue properties. However, determining accurate subject-specific intervertebral disc (IVD) properties can be difficult due to the spine's complex behaviour, in six degrees of freedom. Previous studies optimising IVD properties have utilised axial compression alone or range of motion data in three axes. This study aimed to optimise IVD properties using 6-axis force-moment data, and compare the resultant model's accuracy against a model optimised using IVD pressure data. Additionally, model vertebral alignment was assessed to determine if differences between imaged specimen alignment and in vitro 6-axis test alignment affected the optimisation process. A finite element model of a porcine lumbar motion segment was developed, with generic IVD properties. The model loading and boundary conditions replicated in vitro 6-axis stiffness matrix testing of the same specimen. The model was then optimised twice, once using experimental IVD pressures and once using forces and moments. A second model with geometry based on the specimen's vertebral alignment from the 6-axis testing was also developed and optimised. The 6-axis force-moment optimised model had more accurate overall 6-axis load-displacement behaviour, but less accurate IVD pressures than the pressure optimised model. Neither optimised model fully captured spinal behaviours, due to model and optimisation process limitations. The 6-axis vertebral alignment model had lower error and different optimised IVD properties than the imaged vertebral alignment model. Thus, vertebral alignment affected segment stiffness, so should be considered when developing spine models.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation of Animal Study to Human: In Silico Based Development of Implantable Pulmonary Artery Pressure Sensor","authors":"Leonid Goubergrits,&nbsp;Pavlo Yevtushenko,&nbsp;Adriano Schlief,&nbsp;Jan Romberg,&nbsp;Titus Kuehne,&nbsp;Andreas Arndt,&nbsp;Jan Bruening","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensors (PAPS) might impose a flow-induced risk of thrombus formation in the pulmonary artery (PA). To assess this risk, an in silico study-enhanced animal study with 20 sensors implanted in 10 pigs had previously been conducted. In the in silico study, PAPS were virtually implanted mimicking real implantations, based upon data acquired by CT. This animal in silico study investigated changes in hemodynamics caused by PAPS using image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD). However, porcine and human PA differ significantly in geometry and hemodynamics. To investigate the transferability of animal in silico study findings toward human conditions, we propose a parallel in silico human study. Based on a similarity analysis (L1 norm for 8 geometric features) human PA geometries with the least difference to 10 porcine PA were selected. PAPS were virtually implanted in human PA as close as possible, mimicking the implantation configuration of the animal study. Finally, a numerical flow analysis of the hemodynamic changes due to PAPS implantation was done. Comparing human and porcine PA, we found significantly larger left and right PA diameters in humans, whereas no differences were found for main PA diameters and bifurcation angle. Comparing hemodynamic boundary conditions, we found a significantly smaller heart rate and a significantly higher peak systolic main PA flow rate in humans, whereas no significant differences for cardiac output were found. The human in silico PAPS study found no relevant changes in hemodynamics increasing the risk of thrombus formation after sensor implantation. This is also valid for PAPS that were non-optimally implanted. Thus, despite differences between species, findings of the in silico animal study were confirmed by the human in silico study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Machine Learning for the Sensitivity Analysis of a Model of the Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Cancer”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70046","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;S. Iaquinta, S. Khazaie, S. Albanna, et al., “Machine Learning for the Sensitivity Analysis of a Model of the Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Cancer,” &lt;i&gt;International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering&lt;/i&gt; (2024): e3878.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The “PREPRINT” mention was removed from the title of the article.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A new first section, &lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt;, has been added, which provides the following clarifications. This addition thus changes the numbering of the subsequent sections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated for the purpose of drug delivery. The latter are attached to NPs and are delivered to the cell. These drugs aim, depending on the treatment, at killing or altering the functioning of the cell. Such therapy is currently used and knows an exponential growth for cancer treatment [1]. Hence, it is crucial to properly calibrate the NPs for them to efficiently target the cells and avoid damaging healthy cells. The way of targeting cancer cells can be biochemical or even mechanical. In the second case, the NP is designed to take advantage of significant discrepancies that are observed between the mechanical properties of healthy and cancer cells [2–4]. For instance, comparison between M10 and MCF7 breast cells show that mammalian cancer cells are softer than their healthy counterparts [3, 5–7]. In order to properly understand the phenomena and the parameters that drive mechanically controlled drug delivery, experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted. In our previous works, focused on drug delivery via endocytosis cellular uptake, we proposed a method, based on an existing model of the cellular uptake of NPs [8], for the quantification of the influence of the NP's aspect ratio, NP-cell adhesion and cell membrane tension on the NP's uptake [9]. Then, we presented an enhanced model that accounts for the mechanical response of the cell membrane during the wrapping of the NP by the membrane and we demonstrated that the predictions of the model were altered when considering this mechanical response [10]. Still, the influence of the initial parameters of the system could not be compared to those that represent the mechanical response of the membrane because of the complexity and the computational cost of the approach. As such, the objective of this article is to build a surrogate model in order to evaluate the sensitivity indices (Sobol indices) that describe the influence of the input parameters of the model on its predictions. The outline of this article is the following. Section 2 introduces the model, whose complete description is provided in [9, 10]. Then, the strategies for building a surrogate model, using Kriging, Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), and deep learning approaches, are presented in Section 3. The sensitivity analysis is subsequently conducted in Section 4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In line 4 of the section &lt;b&gt;Presentation of the model&lt;/b&gt;, after the phrase ending with “","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Hemodynamic Effects of the Closure Procedure of Carotid Artery Endarterectomy","authors":"Laurel Morgan Miller Marsh,&nbsp;Rainald Löhner,&nbsp;Tatiana Abou-Mrad,&nbsp;Laura Stone McGuire,&nbsp;Fady T. Charbel,&nbsp;Juan Raul Cebral","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, it is unclear why some patients experience restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and whether the closing procedure is linked to greater rates of restenosis. Here, the morphology and hemodynamics are compared for the carotid bulb of two patients post-CEA. One carotid bulb was closed with a patch which later suffered a restenosis, while the other patient's bulb was treated using primary closure and did not. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was segmented to provide the domain for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Flowrate waveforms measured with phase-contrast MR were provided for the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), while only the mean flow rate was provided for the external carotid artery (ECA), requiring the ECA waveform to be calculated. A Womersley profile was applied to the CCA inlet and ECA outlet, with a traction-free boundary condition applied to the ICA outlet. The patch patient who restenosed exhibited a nonphysiological hemodynamic environment that differed from the flow environment observed in the healthy, contralateral bulb. In contrast, the hemodynamics of the primary closure patient who underwent a successful CEA showed more favorable levels and trends of WSS as well as healthy mixing from vortices that were both present in the healthy, contralateral bulb. Changing model parameters such as flow rate, wall compliance, and flow waveforms did not alter these conclusions. Therefore, the geometry of the carotid bulb, as opposed to flow characteristics, seems responsible for the observed differences between these two cases in hemodynamic environments and subsequent outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Modeling of Cardiovascular-Induced Chest Vibrations: A Review and Practical Guide for Seismocardiography Simulation","authors":"Mohammadali Monfared,&nbsp;Peshala T. Gamage,&nbsp;Ali Loghmani,&nbsp;Amirtahà Taebi","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a comprehensive examination of finite element modeling (FEM) approaches for seismocardiography (SCG), a non-invasive method for assessing cardiac function through chest surface vibrations. The paper provides a comparative analysis of existing FEM approaches, exploring the strengths and challenges of various modeling choices in the literature. Additionally, we introduce a sample framework for developing FEM models of SCG, detailing key methodologies from governing equations and meshing techniques to boundary conditions and material property selection. This framework serves as a guide for researchers aiming to create accurate models of SCG signal propagation and offers insights into capturing complex cardiac mechanics and their transmission to the chest surface. By consolidating the current methodologies, this paper aims to establish a reference point for advancing FEM-based SCG modeling, ultimately improving our understanding of SCG waveforms and enhancing their reliability and applicability in cardiovascular health assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Generic and Subject-Specific Finite Element Models of Distal Femur Fractures Treated With Locking Plates","authors":"Gareth Buhl,&nbsp;Pankaj Pankaj","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While the need for employing subject-specific computational biomechanics models for treatment planning in orthopaedics is being increasingly voiced, it has not been clear when such specificity is essential and for which questions simpler models might be adequate. This study uses a novel modelling approach to generate finite element models to examine the influence of subject-specificity in the treatment of distal femur fractures. Three subject-specific finite element models are created from clinical CT scans, and the proposed approach is employed to impose identical fractures and locking plate treatments upon them. Additionally, the performance of the generic two-material model based on a Sawbones fourth generation femur is also evaluated. Interfragmentary motions, plate stresses, and strains at the screw-bone interface are examined due to a physiological loading at different stages of healing. The study finds that subject-specificity has a major effect on strains in the bone at the screw-bone interface. However, interfragmentary motions at the far cortex and plate stresses show minimal sensitivity to subject-specific factors, while near-cortical and shear interfragmentary motions are influenced by them. The influence of subject-specificity decreases as healing progresses. These results indicate that while generic approaches may be sufficient to calculate global assembly responses, material heterogeneity and subject-specific bone stock variations have a large impact on the interaction between the screws and bone. The study also shows that the proposed method, which enables manipulating bone geometry while retaining subject-specific properties, can be used to evaluate the influence of subject-specificity for other orthopaedic simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}