International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Left Heart Hemodynamics Simulations With Fluid–Structure Interaction and Reduced Valve Modeling","authors":"Oscar Ruz,&nbsp;Jérôme Diaz,&nbsp;Marina Vidrascu,&nbsp;Philippe Moireau,&nbsp;Dominique Chapelle,&nbsp;Miguel A. Fernández","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of reduced models of cardiac valve dynamics with a one-way kinematic uncoupling of blood flow and electromechanics is a widespread approach for reducing the complexity of cardiac hemodynamics simulations. This comes, however, with a number of shortcomings: artificial pressure oscillations, missing isovolumetric phases, and valve laws without precise continuous formulation. This paper is aimed at overcoming these three difficulties while still mitigating computational cost. A novel reduced model of valve dynamics is proposed in which unidirectional flow is enforced in a mathematically sound fashion. Artificial pressure oscillations are overcome by considering a fluid–structure interaction model, which couples bi-ventricular electromechanics and blood flow in the left cavities. The interface coupling is solved in a partitioned fashion via an unconditionally stable loosely coupled scheme. A priori energy estimates are derived for both the continuous coupled problem and its numerical approximation. The benefits and limitations of the proposed approaches are illustrated in a comprehensive numerical study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Morphological Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior of Synthetic Meshes. A Multivariate Regression Approach","authors":"Vittoria Civilini,&nbsp;Alessandra Aldieri,&nbsp;Vincenzo Giacalone,&nbsp;Alberto L. Audenino,&nbsp;Mara Terzini","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of morphological and mechanical parameters of surgical meshes on the healing processes and patient comfort after abdominal repair surgery is widely accepted. However, how the structure of the knitted pattern of synthetic meshes affects the mechanical behavior remains primarily theoretical. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the correlation between these key factors, identifying the most crucial morphological parameters able to support the design of new meshes. In this perspective, morphological parameters related to pore size, shape, and orientation were computed based on high-resolution images using the <i>poreScanner</i> app and the Matlab Image Processing toolbox. Additional parameters such as weight and thickness were measured through high-precision instruments. Concurrently, 12 mechanical parameters were assessed by executing a comprehensive testing protocol. Multivariate regression models were implemented, each using one to five morphological parameters as independent variables and one of the 12 mechanical parameters as dependent variables. A leave-one-out (LOO) validation algorithm was then employed to estimate the models' performance, robustness, and accuracy for potential future predictions. Regression models showed high coefficients of determination (<i>R</i>² ≥ 0.8), except for uniaxial strains (0.59 &lt; <i>R</i>² &lt; 0.71). The LOO validation reveals good predictive capabilities (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.65) for 5 out of 12 mechanical parameters, whereas moderate predictive capabilities (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.55) for one model. Promising results demonstrate a quantifiable relationship between pore characteristics and mechanical behavior. Thanks to further validation using different meshes, the models could be beneficial for all stakeholders involved in this field, from patients to manufacturers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Phase Material Shape Optimization of an Additively Manufactured Integrated Metal and Ceramic Resin Implant-Supported Dental Crown","authors":"Joseph Way,&nbsp;Sanjay Joshi","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The screw-retained implant-supported crown is a durable, aesthetic restoration, but debonding between the crown and abutment remains a challenge to survivability. The purpose of this work was to devise an abutment shape that can be embedded into the crown while the crown is being additively manufactured. The result was a mechanically retained, no-adhesive abutment and crown unit that is mounted to the implant fixture. To generate the best internal shape for the new restoration design concept, a shape optimization method was developed using nTop software with the objective of pursuing low structural compliance (maximizing stiffness), withstanding mastication loads, and complying with the unique manufacturing constraints of the proposed design. The optimization results showed a 39% and 51% reduction in structural compliance for molar and incisor restorations. Validation finite element analysis (FEA) on the molar restoration was accomplished for comparison of the initial, optimized, and traditional Ti-Base screw-retained designs. Under vertical and angled loads, the optimized design reduced maximum Von Mises stress by 38% compared with the traditional design, and under upwards load, the optimized design reduced maximum principal shear strain along the abutment-crown joint boundary by 67%. A successful prototype was created using a stereolithography (SLA) printer for fit and form testing. The design concept in this study showed promise as an alternate method to join the two components, while removing the debonding failure mode and maintaining aesthetics and strength. This may offer a more suitable screw-retained restoration option for patients with constraints such as small interocclusal space.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicompartment Darcy Flow Model With Patient-Specific Parameterization: Effect of Heterogeneity and Anisotropy in Porous Parameters","authors":"Namshad Thekkethil,&nbsp;Hao Gao,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Hill,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Luo","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Blood perfusion in cardiac tissues involves intricate interactions among vascular networks and tissue mechanics. Perfusion deficit is one of the leading causes of cardiac diseases, and modeling certain cardiac conditions that are clinically infeasible, invasive, or costly can provide valuable supplementary insights to aid clinicians. However, existing homogeneous perfusion models lack the complexity required for patient-specific simulations. In this study, we develop a computational framework for modeling perfusion using a multicompartment Darcy flow model with heterogeneous anisotropic perfusion that incorporates the nonlinear deformation and compliance of blood vessels with poroelastic parameters derived from realistic vascular data. Through numerical simulations and a comparison of pore pressure results obtained from the proposed model and the Poiseuille flow approach in a benchmark problem, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous anisotropic model outperforms homogeneous models in predicting perfusion, particularly by accurately capturing the spatial heterogeneity of the poroelastic parameters and the permeability transitions from large vessels to microvessels. Additionally, the proposed model successfully simulates patient-specific conditions, such as vessel blockages, highlighting its potential for personalized medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Cutting Angle for Patient-Specific Replacement of Knee Joint Based on Mechanical Alignment","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Sarbazi,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Arbabtafti,&nbsp;Ali Nahvi,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has grown significantly in recent years. The cutting angle in TKA plays a major role in the functionality and life expectancy of the knee implant components. This study aims to personalize the femur bone cutting angle selection for implant placement. This procedure ensures that the resulting mechanical alignment is the most suitable while minimizing the force transmission distance from the center of the knee. The loading conditions assume the challenging scenario of a person landing from a jump. A 3D model of the bones and implant was created for femur cutting angles ranging from 5° to 10° under these loading conditions. The model was then evaluated through finite element analysis. The results were used to determine the shortest force transmission distance from the center of the knee and lower applied stresses on the femur, tibia, and all implant components. The selected cutting angle was found to be 7° for the case of the analyzed model, resulting in a minimum force transmission distance of 2.48 mm from the center of the knee.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Fluid Dynamics of the Flow of the Deformable Toroidal Embolic Agents Within Straight and Stenotic Pipes by Full Eulerian FSI Method","authors":"Kazuki Matsumiya,&nbsp;Kazuyasu Sugiyama,&nbsp;Natsuko F. Inagaki,&nbsp;Shu Takagi,&nbsp;Taichi Ito","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of shape and size of embolic agents on embolization phenomena has been discussed clinically for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). We numerically discussed the unique embolization behavior of new deformable toroidal microparticles in blood vessels by computational fluid dynamics simulations. We employed an Eulerian–Eulerian (full Eulerian) fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method to analyze the flow and deformation behaviors of a deformable torus in a cylindrical pipe. This method, based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, is implemented in OpenFOAM and is verified by deformation tests with a visco-hyperelastic material in cavity flow. The torus exhibits multiple steady states depending on initial orientation, position, shear modulus, and the aspect ratio between major and minor radii, and the rotation angles of inclined tori reach approximately 80°. Deformation analysis of cross-sections reveals multiple deformation modes such as bending, rotation, and elongation over time. The equilibrium position of the torus is determined by the balance of various lift forces and becomes complex due to increased rotational diameter from elongation. Additionally, vortex structures and pressure gradients elucidate the mechanism that inclined tori are faster than horizontally oriented tori due to their deformation. Finally, flow tests of different microparticle shapes with the same surface area in a stenotic pipe show that the torus has the lowest pressure drop and flow rate reduction. These quantitative predictions are suggestive and encourage experimental study of toroidal microparticles as novel embolic agents in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cellular Responses in Non-Twisted and Twisted Scaffolds Using a Multiscale Computational Approach","authors":"Abhishek Rajput,&nbsp;Abhisek Gupta,&nbsp;Bagathi Prem,&nbsp;Somnath Bose,&nbsp;Santanu Kumar Karmakar,&nbsp;Amit Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In bone tissue engineering (BTE), suitable mechanical stimulation is required to support cellular activities during bone regeneration. Now, the implanted BTE scaffolds keep deforming and are subjected to physiological loading, which influences the fluid flow within the scaffold and surrounding tissue. Hence, understanding the mechanobiological changes of a bone cell seeded on the deformed scaffold needs to be specially focused. Therefore, twisted and non-twisted face-centered cubic scaffolds were modeled for identifying the changes in cellular mechanical stimulation at different locations of a scaffold. At first, a global computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was conducted to predict the permeability and fluid shear stress (FSS) of the scaffold; further CFD-induced pressure data was applied to the sub-scaffold finite element model to predict the mechanical responses of osteoblasts placed in different positions of the twisted and non-twisted scaffolds. The results indicated a decline in permeability as twist angles increased. While mechanobiological stimulation within the scaffold improved up to a certain twist angle, exceeding this threshold may reduce the effectiveness of mechanical stimulation. These findings could help determine the influence of twisting, identify the optimal twist angle, and also guide the selection of ideal areas for cell placement within the scaffold to enhance bone regeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analyses of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Wave Dynamics in Essential Systemic Hypertension: A Multiscale Computational Modeling Study","authors":"Xiancheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypertension-induced alterations in hemodynamics and wave dynamics are important pathological mechanisms for cerebrovascular diseases, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. However, fundamental understanding of hemodynamics and wave dynamics in hypertension remains limited due to the restricted temporal and spatial resolution of current medical devices. To address the gap, this study developed a closed-loop multiscale computational modeling framework for the entire cardiovascular system. A novel “parameter assignment method” designed for diverse 0D peripheral vascular bed models across the entire cardiovascular system was proposed. Additionally, a mathematical modeling strategy was introduced to characterize cardiovascular parameters associated with hypertension across varying degrees of severity. Key findings from model-based studies indicated that in hypertension, there was early arrival and increased magnitudes of forward compression wave intensity and power (FCWI and FCWP), forward expansion wave intensity and power (FEWI and FEWP), and back compression wave intensity and power (BCWI and BCWP) in extra-intracranial cerebral arteries. The proximal aorta, however, exhibited delayed arrival of FCWI and FCWP but early arrival of BCWI and BCWP, along with negligible change in FCWI magnitudes and slightly increased BCWI magnitudes, significantly increased FEWI, FCWP, FEWP and BCWP magnitudes. Moreover, parametric studies demonstrated that progressively enlarging central large elastic arteries, increasing passive myocardial stiffness, and raising peripheral vascular resistance led to reduced magnitudes of FCWI, BCWI, FCWP and BCWP in cerebral arteries. Conversely, stiffening of central large elastic arteries and increasing myocardial contractility had opposite effects. The proposed computational modeling framework will serve as a powerful tool for elucidating the complex mechanisms underlying hypertension-associated hemodynamics and wave dynamics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Confidence-Based Multibody Kinematics Optimization for Markerless Motion Capture: A Proof of Concept","authors":"Anaïs Chaumeil,&nbsp;Pierre Puchaud,&nbsp;Antoine Muller,&nbsp;Raphaël Dumas,&nbsp;Thomas Robert","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multi-camera markerless motion capture commonly triangulates 3D points from 2D keypoint positions in multiple camera views, then applies a multibody kinematics optimization (MKO) to incorporate biomechanical constraints. However, standard pipelines neglect the 2D confidence heatmaps generated by human pose estimation networks. We hypothesized that performing MKO in 2D camera planes would make it more robust to missing keypoints and allow us to obtain better accuracy. 2D confidence heatmaps were used to maximize available information. To test this, we first model each network-derived heatmap as a 2D Gaussian function characterized by its center, amplitude, and standard deviation. Second, we maximize the sum of these modeled confidences after projecting the biomechanical model into the camera planes. To demonstrate feasibility, we evaluated our method on data from two participants performing sit-to-stand, walking, and manual material handling, captured by a two-camera setup, and simultaneously collected marker-based data. Our Gaussian modeling of the heatmaps demonstrated a mean absolute difference of 0.011 compared to the original discrete maps, confirming its validity. In terms of 3D joint positions and angles, the confidence-based MKO produced results similar to classical distance-based methods. Notably, the confidence-based approach overcame occultations: 89.3% of frames could only be obtained with the distance-based MKO due to missing keypoints, while the confidence-based MKO computed 100% of frames. These findings underscore the potential of using full 2D confidence heatmaps in markerless motion capture, especially under challenging conditions such as sparse camera setups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Thermal Damage in 3D Tumor During Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Using Space–Time Fractional Dual Phase Lag Bioheat Model","authors":"Bhagya Shree Meena,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermic cancer treatment have gained significant attention in recent years. Magnetic hyperthermia ablates malignant cells by dissipating heat from magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) when subjected to an alternate magnetic field. Living tissues are highly non-homogeneous, and non-Fourier thermal behavior in biological tissue has been experimentally observed. In the present work, two important treatment parameters—the therapeutic temperature distribution and the degree of thermal damage to a three-dimensional, randomly shaped tumor encompassed by healthy tissue during the MNP hyperthermia treatment procedure—have been determined computationally. A three-dimensional space–time fractional dual-phase lag model has been discussed to simulate heat transmission in the tissues. The considered model is solved using the meshless method based on the RBF function and shifted Chebyshev polynomials in spatial and temporal directions, respectively. The influence of fractional derivatives (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ alpha, beta $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), phase lag times (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {tau}_q,{tau}_T $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), and heat source parameters (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ϕ</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ phi, {H}_0,f $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) on the thermal damage in tumors has been investigated, and it has been observed that these parameters have significant effects on the distribution of temperature and thermal damage to the tumor tissue.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}