International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Coupled FE Modeling of Superelastic NiTi Arch Wire and Bone Remodeling to Simulate 3D Orthodontic Tooth Movement During Leveling Phase","authors":"Mouhamad Abou Hamdan,&nbsp;Delphine Wagner,&nbsp;Hamdi Jmal,&nbsp;Siham Touchal","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Orthodontic tooth movement results from alveolar bone remodeling induced by mechanical loads applied to the teeth over extended periods during the unloading phase of arch wires. In clinical practice, orthodontic arch wires are inserted into bracket slots without precise knowledge of the forces transmitted to individual teeth. Excessive loads may lead to undesirable side effects, whereas insufficient forces may fail to initiate bone remodeling and tooth movement. This study aims to develop a 3D numerical approach based on finite element method to simulate orthodontic tooth movement during the alignment phase while quantifying the loads applied by the superelastic nickel titanium arch wire. A common clinical case of buccal infraposition of the maxillary canine was selected. Patient-specific geometries of the teeth and alveolar bone were reconstructed from cone-beam computed tomography scans. A coupling strategy between the arch wire unloading response and an external bone remodeling model was implemented to predict teeth movement over a one-month treatment period as orthodontic appointments are typically scheduled every 4 weeks. During recovery to its initial shape, the arch wire delivered light and constant forces, leading to extrusion of the canine and intrusion of the adjacent first premolar and lateral incisor. This numerical framework captured the mechanical behavior of the superelastic nickel titanium arch wire and predicted teeth movement consistent with clinical ranges reported in the literature. This approach provides an efficient tool for orthodontists to predict patient-specific orthodontic outcomes and optimize treatment design during the leveling phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Hemodynamics to Energetics: Parameter Identification in a Closed-Loop Model of the Cardiovascular System","authors":"Pablo J. Blanco,&nbsp;Ryo Torii,&nbsp;Rohan Goswami,&nbsp;Héctor M. García-García,&nbsp;Jonathan Grinstein","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70214","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart failure is a complex condition, and accurately stratifying patients using standard hemodynamic assessments remains a challenging task. To address this, sophisticated scoring systems have been developed to better capture the interplay between loading conditions, energetics, and cardiac performance. However, applying these scores in clinical practice is difficult, as they are often calculated indirectly from measurable variables and depend on numerous assumptions. In this work, we propose a model calibration procedure leveraged by the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) to estimate model parameters in a closed-loop compartmental model of the cardiovascular system based on hemodynamic patient-specific data. The goal of this procedure is to reverse-engineer the patient-specific cardiovascular model, enabling us to reveal the patient's cardiac energetics, and estimate the scores that better characterize the patient's physiologic state. We propose different scenarios based on data availability and investigate model identification under these conditions. Understanding the patient's energetic profile is crucial for gaining insight into the underlying physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, as well as for tailoring patient-specific therapeutic interventions effectively. We demonstrate the capabilities of this methodology using a cohort of 20 heart failure patients. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in calibrating patient-specific models to match hemodynamic measurements obtained in the catheterization laboratory is analyzed for the different data availability scenarios. This enables a hemodynamically reliable, individualized characterization of the energetic profile, serving as a valuable clinical decision support tool for guiding heart failure treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Optimization of Auxetic Composite Metamaterials Using Finite Element Simulations and Random Forest AI Models","authors":"Nawaj Sharif,&nbsp;Masud Rana,&nbsp;Sandeep Choudhury,&nbsp;Abhisek Gupta,&nbsp;Md Imdadul Hoque,&nbsp;Subhabrata Koley,&nbsp;Apurba Das,&nbsp;Amit Karmakar,&nbsp;Amit Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties is important for addressing stiffness mismatch between implants and bone, although the present study focuses on computational material design rather than implant-level performance. In this work, a novel composite design is proposed in which a 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetic fiber is incorporated within a solid matrix. A series of 670 finite element models was analyzed by systematically manipulating the elastic modulus ratio of fiber to matrix (<i>E</i>_<i>f</i>/<i>E</i>_<i>m</i>, where <i>E</i>_<i>f</i> is the elastic modulus of the fiber and <i>E</i>_<i>m</i> is the elastic modulus of the matrix) and the fiber-to-matrix volume ratio (VR) to explore their impacts on effective mechanical properties. The simulations demonstrated that by changing the material and volume ratios, the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can be tuned from 617 to 53,380 MPa and from +0.3 to −0.35, respectively. The dataset was used to train machine learning models for both forward and inverse design. In the forward model, the effective elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the composite are predicted from input parameters (<i>E</i>_<i>f</i>, <i>E</i>_<i>m</i>, and VR). Conversely, the inverse model predicts feasible input combinations to achieve target mechanical properties. This AI-assisted framework enables rapid prediction of composite behavior within the investigated design space. It enables the computational design of auxetic composites with tunable stiffness and Poisson's ratio. Overall, this study presents a computational data-driven strategy for designing auxetic composite with tunable mechanical properties for potential future biomedica<span>l</span> material applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Exercise on Coronary Hemodynamics Under the Earth's Gravity and Microgravity Conditions: A CFD Study","authors":"Mudrika Singhal,&nbsp;Bishwajeet Saikia,&nbsp;Amitav Sarma,&nbsp;Amit Malviya,&nbsp;Donboklang Lynser,&nbsp;Raghvendra Gupta","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70216","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to microgravity affects the cardiovascular system and fluid distribution in the vasculature system of the human body depending on the short term or long term exposure. Literature suggests that in the initial few days in the microgravity environment, a short term exposure, the cardiac output and plasma volume are altered. Gradually, after about a week of long exposure to the microgravity environment, these parameters return to the same levels as those under the Earth's gravity. In this computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study, we investigate the effect of microgravity environment on coronary hemodynamics in a patient-specific coronary artery, for long exposure when the cardiac output and plasma volume are the same as under Earth's gravity assuming the vessels to be rigid. The CFD analysis suggests that redistribution of blood happens with the blood flow decreasing in the arteries at the lower elevation and increasing in those at higher elevation when compared with that in the Earth's gravity. From the qualitative and quantitative analysis of wall shear stress based hemodynamic biomarkers, it is found that the regions with low time-averaged wall shear stress (&lt; 0.4 Pa) and high relative residence time (&gt; 8 Pa⁻¹) increase in the microgravity environment. Further, the effect of exercise conditions is modelled by increasing the heart rate and the cardiac output and the regions with low time-averaged wall shear stress and high relative residence time are found to decrease. The flow is observed to be helical in nature in several arterial segments and the strength of helical flow increases under exercise conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale Simulations of Blood Coagulation in Flow and Quiescent Domains Using SDPD","authors":"Marina Echeverría Ferrero,&nbsp;Nicolas Moreno,&nbsp;Marco Ellero","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Blood coagulation is governed by tightly regulated reaction networks whose activation and early evolution are influenced by transport processes. While reduced kinetic models of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways have been validated in well-mixed experimental settings, their behavior in spatially resolved domains remains insufficiently characterized. In this work, two established reduced coagulation networks are embedded within a thermodynamically consistent mesoscale particle-based framework that resolves fluid momentum transport together with multispecies advection–diffusion–reaction dynamics. Unlike conventional continuum coagulation solvers, the proposed formulation captures coupled transport and biochemical interactions through interacting particles within a unified hydrodynamic description. The framework is used to investigate the initiation phase of coagulation under controlled microvascular-like flow conditions in simplified channel geometries. The simulations reproduce characteristic thrombin generation curves (TGCs) across physiologically relevant parameter ranges while additionally revealing spatial transport effects that are not captured by outlet-averaged measures alone. In particular, the results show that transport–reaction coupling induces pronounced spatial heterogeneities in thrombin concentration, with transitions between localized activation, wall-aligned accumulation, and advective washout depending on Reynolds and Péclet regimes. Injury geometry is further shown to modulate coagulation amplification, with capped configurations producing enhanced thrombin accumulation due to localized surface-mediated activation. Complementary quiescent-domain simulations additionally reproduce qualitative trends observed in thrombodynamics assays, including fibrinogen-dependent variations in fibrin formation. Overall, the study introduces a unified mesoscale computational framework for analyzing how flow, transport, and biochemical kinetics jointly regulate early coagulation dynamics in spatially resolved domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Curve Flexibility Using Scoliotic Spines Generated From a Generic Spine Model","authors":"Yifan Su,&nbsp;Athanasios I. Tsirikos,&nbsp;Vasileios Koutsos,&nbsp;Pankaj Pankaj","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Curve flexibility is critical for preoperative planning in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) as it guides surgical strategy and selection of appropriate release manoeuvres. Although finite element (FE) modelling has been widely used to investigate spinal biomechanics, its application to spinal flexibility assessment remains underexplored. This study developed AIS FE models to evaluate the effects of sequential spinal release techniques on curve flexibility under fulcrum bending radiographs (FBR) and supine traction radiographs (STR). A validated generic adolescent spine model was deformed using a displacement-based shaping approach to generate three representative AIS spines. Curve flexibility was assessed computationally under simulated FBR and STR conditions. Five sequential surgical release manoeuvres were then simulated. To estimate the required traction force for STR, three cases of AIS patients were analysed to determine the traction force that reproduced the clinically reported flexibility. Three generic-derived scoliotic spines and three patient-based curves were successfully generated. The effective STR traction force was estimated as 376.6 N. For curve flexibility assessments, disc release produced the largest flexibility gain, while facetectomy produced the least improvement. Under STR, flexibility increased progressively with stepwise releases. Under FBR, flexibility responses were more curve-type dependent. This study provides a computational approach for developing AIS models, assessing AIS curve flexibility and comparing spinal release strategies. Generic-derived scoliosis models enabled controlled curve flexibility comparisons across various curve types and surgical manoeuvres; thus, they may assist in eliciting answers to common clinical questions and support preoperative planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real-Time Digital Twin for Human Cardiovascular Applications","authors":"S. C. Snijders,&nbsp;M. C. M. Rutten,&nbsp;J. E. M. Sels,&nbsp;W. A. L. Tonino,&nbsp;W. Huberts","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital twin (DT) technology is revolutionizing various industries and has immense potential in healthcare as well. A human DT is a virtual representation of an individual patient, capable of mimicking the current (patho)physiological state and predicting future states, making it ideal for supporting clinical decision-making. A DT combines a mathematical model with real-time data; however, its development remains challenging. It must estimate a unique parameter value whenever a measurement becomes available, enabling real-time tracking of parameter change, while preserving model stability. The DT was designed based on a reduced-order unscented Kalman filter (ROUKF), using a lumped-parameter model of the systemic circulation, to estimate left ventricular contractility. This DT was evaluated using both synthetic and in vivo left ventricle pressure data, the latter collected by Johnson et al. Synthetic data were used for local sensitivity, identifiability, and stability analysis, as well as to evaluate the DTs performance. In vivo data were used to evaluate the DTs potential for future clinical application. The DT estimated the true parameter in real-time, remained robust to measurement noise, and tracked parameter changes independent of initial conditions. The parameter estimate was identifiable despite measurement noise, and the mathematical model proved stable within a physiologically realistic range. Application to in vivo data demonstrated successful tracking of inotropic state changes, with the estimated parameter showing a strong correlation with the conventional contractility proxy (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mfrac>\u0000 <mi>dp</mi>\u0000 <mi>dt</mi>\u0000 </mfrac>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 <mi>max</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {left.frac{dp}{dt}right|}_{mathrm{max}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) in multiple patients. Overall, the results demonstrated the DTs potential for real-time monitoring and personalized medicine, though future work is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Numerical Framework for Fractional Stochastic Delay Modeling of CSF-1/EGF Tumor–Macrophage Aggregation","authors":"Mutaz Mohammad,&nbsp;Fathalla Rihan,&nbsp;Alexander Trounev","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumor–macrophage aggregation mediated by the CSF-1/EGF paracrine loop involves spatial chemotaxis together with potentially history-dependent, delayed, and fluctuating cellular responses. This study asks how those three temporal mechanisms alter the classical aggregation model when they are represented in a common conservative numerical framework. The continuum system is extended by Caputo temporal derivatives, a discrete delay in the CSF-1 and EGF production terms, and component-wise multiplicative perturbations. Diffusive and chemotactic fluxes are discretized in conservative form, the Caputo derivative is approximated by convolution weights, delayed states are obtained from a history buffer with interpolation, and stochastic increments are interpreted in the Itô sense. The deterministic integer-order, zero-delay, and zero-noise limit is used as the reference configuration. The displayed parameter studies indicate that changes in the fractional order and delay can reorganize aggregation and signaling activity, while the stochastic comparison illustrates a sample-path-dependent modification of the spatial state. The deterministic no-flux discretization preserves total cell mass, and the deterministic consistency contributions are identified under smoothness assumptions. Because the memory, delay, and noise parameters are not fitted to experimental data and the stochastic figures do not represent ensemble averages, the results are interpreted as model-based sensitivity evidence rather than quantitative biomedical predictions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Loading Modalities on Remodeling-Based Bone Formation in Severe OVCF Patients","authors":"Rong Wang,&nbsp;Jia Wang,&nbsp;Bo Yang,&nbsp;Dingyu Li,&nbsp;Haohao Chen,&nbsp;Rihan Ao,&nbsp;Qian Shen","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70200","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnm.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common degenerative disease in the elderly. Biomechanical stimulation plays a key role in regulating bone remodeling and healing. In this study, a solid–liquid two-phase poroelastic finite element model was used to simulate bone remodeling in severely osteoporotic vertebrae under five functional loading modes: standing, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Changes in tissue differentiation, mean elastic modulus, and interstitial fluid velocity in cortical and cancellous bone were quantitatively analyzed over the 77-day healing period. The results showed that standing and axial rotation significantly increased the elastic modulus of cortical bone and promoted osteogenic maturation, whereas flexion exhibited the weakest osteogenic effect. Cancellous bone regeneration was driven mainly by mesenchymal stem cell diffusion and was less affected by loading patterns. Biophysical stimuli (deviatoric strain and fluid flow) gradually decreased with tissue maturation, and the tissue differentiation follows a typical sequence: fibrous tissue, cartilage, immature bone, mature bone. This study reveals the biomechanical mechanism of bone remodeling under different rehabilitation loads and provides in silico theoretical reference for exploring personalized rehabilitation strategies, and cannot be directly applied as clinical treatment guideline.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Airway Collapse in Infants With Robin Sequence","authors":"Gautam Jalori,&nbsp;Michael Barbour,&nbsp;Michael Bindschadler,&nbsp;Kelly Evans,&nbsp;Jake Dahl,&nbsp;Alberto Aliseda","doi":"10.1002/cnm.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Robin Sequence (RS) is a congenital condition in which patients experience dynamic, periodic obstruction or collapse of the upper airway due to an underdeveloped jaw and a posteriorly displaced tongue. Current clinical techniques for evaluating airway obstruction do not provide quantifiable data and fail to account for the dynamic nature of obstruction or collapse. There is no standardized criterion to characterize obstruction or collapse severity. This study presents the first method that extracts airway motion from 4-dimensional computed tomography and performs a patient-specific, moving-mesh computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of RS patients with complete airway collapse or obstruction. To quantify the effects of airway collapse, airflow dynamics are analyzed using both instantaneous metrics (velocity, pressure, and energy dissipation rate) and cycle-averaged metrics (resistive work of breathing). These results are compared between a collapsing airway and its synthetic non-collapsing counterpart. To validate the synthetic non-collapsing case, it is further compared with a patient-specific non-collapsing airway. The results show that, to achieve the same tidal volume, the collapsing case requires significantly greater computed breathing effort (7.55 mJ/cycle) than the synthetic non-collapsing case (3.68 mJ/cycle). The shorter inspiration time due to the collapse leads to a higher inlet velocity, resulting in 1.7 times the maximum velocity during peak inspiration (just prior to collapse) and a 2.7-fold higher pressure drop in the collapsing case compared to the synthetic non-collapsing case. At the onset of collapse, a sharp spike in localized energy dissipation rate is observed due to the abrupt deceleration and dissipation of peak flow velocities. This methodology provides a novel approach to understanding the airflow dynamics of RS patients with airway collapse. It enables quantitative comparison between collapsing and non-collapsing airways, thereby offering the potential to support more informed and objective clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":50349,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnm.70210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}