{"title":"The N-prime graph and the Subgroup Isomorphism Problem","authors":"Emanuele Pacifici, Ángel del Río, Marco Vergani","doi":"10.1112/jlms.70584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1112/jlms.70584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce a directed graph related to a group <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$G$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, which we call the <i>N-prime graph</i> <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>Γ</mi>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$Gamma _{rm {N}}(G)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$G$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and is a refinement of the classical Gruenberg–Kegel graph. The vertices of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>Γ</mi>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$Gamma _{rm {N}}(G)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are the primes <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$p$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> such that <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$G$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> has an element of order <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$p$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, and, for distinct vertices <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$p$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$q$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, the arc <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>→</mo>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$qrightarrow p$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is in the graph if and only if <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$G$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> has a subgroup of order <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$p$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> wh","PeriodicalId":49989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the London Mathematical Society-Second Series","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1112/jlms.70584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cohomogeneity-one solitons in Laplacian flow: Local, smoothly-closing and steady solitons","authors":"Mark Haskins, Johannes Nordström","doi":"10.1112/jlms.70570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1112/jlms.70570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We initiate a systematic study of cohomogeneity-one solitons in Bryant's Laplacian flow of closed <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>G</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$text{G}_2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-structures on a 7-manifold, motivated by the problem of understanding finite-time singularities of that flow. Here, we focus on solitons with symmetry groups <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Sp</mi>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${rm Sp}(2)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>SU</mi>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${rm SU}(3)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>; in both cases, we prove the existence of continuous families of local cohomogeneity-one gradient Laplacian solitons and characterise which of these local solutions extend smoothly over their unique singular orbits. The main questions are then to determine which of these smoothly-closing solutions extend to complete solitons and furthermore to understand the asymptotic geometry of these complete solitons. We provide complete answers to both questions in the case of steady solitons. Up to the actions of scaling and discrete symmetries, we show that the set of all smoothly-closing <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>SU</mi>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${rm SU}(3)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-invariant steady Laplacian solitons defined on a neighbourhood of the zero section of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>Λ</mi>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>CP</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$Lambda ^2_-mathbb {CP}^2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is parametrised by <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>⩾</mo>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$mathbb {R}_{geqslant 0}$</annotation>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":49989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the London Mathematical Society-Second Series","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1112/jlms.70570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sign-changing solutions to the Yamabe problem on manifolds with boundary","authors":"Mónica Clapp, Benedetta Pellacci, Angela Pistoia","doi":"10.1112/jlms.70603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1112/jlms.70603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>M</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$(M, g)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> be a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. The Yamabe problem concerning the existence of a metric conformally equivalent to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$g$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> having constant scalar curvature on <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>M</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$M$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and constant mean curvature on its boundary is equivalent, in analytic terms, to finding a positive solution to a nonlinear boundary-value problem with critical growth. While the existence of positive solutions to this problem is by now well understood, the existence of sign-changing (nodal) solutions remains largely open.</p><p>In this work, we establish the existence of least-energy sign-changing solutions when the manifold is positive and the mean curvature of the boundary is a non-negative constant. More precisely, we prove that if <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <mo>⩾</mo>\u0000 <mn>7</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$ngeqslant 7$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>M</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$M$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> has a nonumbilic boundary point, then the problem admits least-energy nodal solutions. Our approach is variational and relies on the analysis of suitable conformal invariants and sharp energy estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":49989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the London Mathematical Society-Second Series","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automorphism groups of \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 $mathbb {P}^1$\u0000 -bundles over geometrically ruled surfaces","authors":"Pascal Fong","doi":"10.1112/jlms.70593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1112/jlms.70593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We classify the pairs <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>X</mi>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mi>π</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$(X,pi)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, where <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>π</mi>\u0000 <mo>:</mo>\u0000 <mi>X</mi>\u0000 <mo>→</mo>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$pi colon Xrightarrow S$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is a <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <annotation>$mathbb {P}^1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-bundle over a non-rational geometrically ruled surface <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$S$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>Aut</mi>\u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>X</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$mathrm{Aut}^circ (X)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is <i>relatively maximal</i>, that is, maximal with respect to the inclusion in the group <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Bir</mi>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>X</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$mathrm{Bir}(X/S)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. The results hold over any algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.</p>","PeriodicalId":49989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the London Mathematical Society-Second Series","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1112/jlms.70593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}