Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Ferroptosis-targeting compounds modulate cancer cell cytotoxicity and migration: Insights from in vitro and in silico analyses","authors":"Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal ,&nbsp;Prajakta Patil ,&nbsp;Aniket Mali","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of metabolic cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. While Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is the canonical ferroptosis suppressor, recent evidence highlights additional selenoproteins, including Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), as critical modulators of ferroptotic sensitivity. We compared three mechanistically distinct ferroptosis inducers, RSL3 (a covalent GPX4 inhibitor), auranofin (a TXNRD1 inhibitor), and artesunate (ART; a pro-oxidant derivative of artemisinin), in MDA-MB231, A549 and HepG2 cell lines.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cell viability (MTT) and wound-healing assays quantified cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects. Our inhibitor study using Ferrostatin-1(Ferro) and Liproxstatin-1(Lipo), in combination with ferroptosis inducers, confirmed the specificity of ferroptosis. Beyond GPX4, TXNRD1 and PRDX6 constitute a complementary selenium-dependent axis safeguarding cancer cells from ferroptosis. Dual targeting of GPX4 and TXNRD1, or disruption of PRDX6-mediated selenium trafficking, potentiates ferroptosis death and impedes metastatic traits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using <em>in silico</em> methods, we confirmed the interaction between drug and protein molecules. Among the tested compounds, RSL3 and auranofin exhibited strong binding affinity towards all the targeted proteins, including GPX4, TXNRD1, and PRDX6, suggesting their potential as effective ferroptosis pathway inhibitors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings nominate multi-selenoproteins inhibition as a promising strategy to overcome ferroptosis resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the impact of essential elements on spermatozoa quality and seminal protein integrity- an in vitro and in silico study","authors":"Parameswari R. ,&nbsp;Jesu Jaya Sudan R. ,&nbsp;Lesitha Jeeva Kumari J. ,&nbsp;Madhan Kumar P. ,&nbsp;Babujanarthanam R.","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127772","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Essential Elements (EEs) such as calcium, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, sodium, and potassium are essential for spermatogenesis. They maintain seminal proteins, especially semenogelin and sperm morphology, which are followed by spermatozoa ejaculation to reach the egg for successful conception. In addition, these elements serve as nutrients/cofactors during ejaculation and enhance spermatogenic rapid progressive motility with sustained sperm integrity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The current study sought to determine the relationship of essential elements (calcium, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, sodium, and potassium) between these three major components of sperm morphology, quality, and integrity via seminal proteins, as an &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in silico&lt;/em&gt; study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;With appropriate institutional approval, 116 individuals aged 25–39 were divided into normozoospermic (N = 58) and teratozoospermic (N = 58). The study volunteers were selected based on their andrology profile using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis. This was followed by an atomic absorption spectrometer for essential element quantification, Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for testosterone measurement, lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and acridine orange (AO) staining procedures were used for sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). In addition, computational analysis was done to predict ion binding sites on the seminal protein semenogelin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our results showed the concentration of essential elements to be comparatively lower in teratozoospermic subjects than in normozoospermic (zinc&gt; calcium &gt;magnesium&gt; selenium) individuals with a significant (p &lt; 0.001 &amp;p &lt; 0.05) correlation. Morphological analysis revealed that teratozoospermia subjects have sperms with altered morphology, directly correlated (p &lt; 0.001&amp; p &lt; 0.05) with reduced zinc, calcium, and selenium due to fragmented DNA and reduced motility. The correlation of semen parameters and essential elements revealed a direct impact of these elements on sperm motility, DNA profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and testosterone levels. In addition, &lt;em&gt;an in silico&lt;/em&gt; study confirms the presence of metal binding motifs like D-H-D, C-X-C, and G-K-[TS]-T for Zn, Mg, and Se ions in the seminal protein semenogelin in normozoospermic than teratozoospermic.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our study's findings have significant implications for male reproductive health. We propose that the presence and adequate concentration of essential elements, notably zinc, calcium, magnesium, and selenium, are crucial for maintaining sperm morphology. The computational discovery of semenogelin sequences such as D-H-D, C-X-C, and G-K-[TS]-T, which promote robust sperm integrity, further supports this. These findings could gu","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of well-being and fish fillet nutrient value of a vulnerable minor carp, Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822): A result of incorporating Fe trace element in diet through α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles as dietary supplements","authors":"Sampa Mondal ,&nbsp;Nilanjana Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Baibaswata Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide (α-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes are synthesized using a simple wet chemical method and are used as dietary supplements at rates of zero (control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/kg diet throughout the year in <em>Puntius sarana</em> to study its consequences on the growth, haematological parameters, biochemical or blood metabolic parameters, ionoregulatory characteristics, plasma lysozyme activity, antioxidant biomarkers, and fish flesh nutrient composition of the fish. The experiment is designed for bulk and nano iron oxides having particle sizes of 10, 12, 15, and 18 nm. When the concentration of NPs rises to 4 g/kg food and/or the size of the NPs is minimized up to 10 nm, the length, hemoglobin, red blood corpuscle, hematocrit, protein levels, plasma lysozyme, catalase, superoxidase dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the blood and crude protein of the fish flesh of <em>P. sarana</em> increase upto 32 cm, 9.73 g/dL, 3.22 million/mm³, 29.19 %, 7.78 g/dL, 0.97 ng/mL, 86.69 ng/mL, 39.81 μmol/min/mg protein, 44.96 U/mL, and 18.59 % respectively; and melanodialdehyde and Crude fat decrease upto 41.71 nmol TBARS/g tissue and 2.90 %, respectively. No significant changes in the values of survival rate, white blood cell, blood glucose, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, sodium, potassium, chloride, crude moisture, and crude ash are observed between the control and treatments. Results indicate that NPs based dietary supplementations provide beneficial conditions of well-being of the fish due to increased absorption of iron in its nano form into the fish body via dietary supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn2 + alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 cells by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics via MCU","authors":"Bingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Bohan Xing ,&nbsp;Luyao Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Li ,&nbsp;Xiyun Bian ,&nbsp;Jinkun Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Zinc is an essential nutrient implicated in cardiovascular health. This study investigates whether Zn²⁺ protects H9c2 cells by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and calcium homeostasis via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The I/R model were established using simulated ischemia and reoxygenation as previous reported, and cells were then treated with MCU siRNA. Biochemical kits, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), RT-qPCR, and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the effects of Zn²⁺ on cell viability, cytotoxicity, Zn²⁺ and ATP content, NAD⁺/NADH ratio, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial morphological changes following myocardial I/R. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the fluorescence changes of Zn²⁺, mitochondrial membrane potential, protein expression, and mitochondrial Ca²⁺. The effects of Zn²⁺ on protein expression levels were evaluated using molecular docking and Western blot analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the Control group, the I/R group exhibited decreased cell viability, and increased cytotoxicity. Intracellular and mitochondrial Zn²⁺ levels were reduced, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase in mitochondrial Ca²⁺ content. The expression levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis proteins SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM, mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2, as well as MCUb gene and protein expression were downregulated. Conversely, the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins DRP1 and FIS1, along with MCU, MICU1, and MICU2 proteins, was upregulated. Exogenous Zn²⁺ treatment reversed these alterations. MCU silencing by siRNA further enhanced the protection effects of Zn²⁺.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>I/R induced damage in H9c2 cells and mitochondrial dysfunction. Zn²⁺ protected H9c2 cells against I/R injury by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and Ca²⁺ homeostasis via the MCU, with this protective effect potentially associated with the entire MCU complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of silver and selenium nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive systematic review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence","authors":"João Marcos Carvalho-Silva,&nbsp;Andréa Cândido dos Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: \"Do silver (AgNPs) and selenium (SeNPs) nanoparticles, either individually or incorporated into materials and products, exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 strains?\"</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was registered in PROSPERO and conducted following the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ProQuest in March 2025 to identify studies evaluating the effects of isolated or material-incorporated AgNPs and SeNPs against SARS-CoV-2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AgNPs and SeNPs exhibit strong virucidal and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike glycoprotein, both as isolated nanoparticles and when incorporated into masks, goggles, polymers, sprays, coatings, mouthwashes, and solutions. High efficacy has been demonstrated across <em>in vitro</em>, <em>in vivo</em>, and clinical studies, with enhanced outcomes associated with smaller particle sizes, higher concentrations, and longer contact times.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both isolated and material-integrated AgNPs and SeNPs exhibit high antiviral and virucidal effectiveness against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains <em>in vitro</em>, <em>in vivo</em>, and in clinical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferroptosis and iron homeostasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Therapeutic opportunities of iron chelators","authors":"Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy ,&nbsp;Piyush Mittal ,&nbsp;Ahsas Goyal ,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal ,&nbsp;Laxmidhar Maharana ,&nbsp;Kavita Goyal ,&nbsp;Mohit Rana ,&nbsp;Haider Ali ,&nbsp;Brian Gregory George Oliver ,&nbsp;Keshav Raj Paudel ,&nbsp;Kamal Dua ,&nbsp;Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To review the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the therapeutic opportunities of iron chelators in mitigating ferroptosis-driven lung injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to Dec 31, 2024, using the terms “ferroptosis,” “iron homeostasis,” “iron chelators,” “lipid peroxidation,” and “COPD.” Of the 86 records identified, 45 met the predefined criteria (relevance to pulmonary iron metabolism, ferroptotic mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions) and were included in the narrative synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dysregulated iron handling in COPD leads to increased labile iron pools in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, promoting Fenton chemistry, reactive oxygen species generation, and lipid peroxidation cascades, which trigger ferroptosis. Classical iron chelators, such as deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox, have shown efficacy in preclinical models by sequestering redox-active iron and preserving mitochondrial integrity. Novel synthetic chelators and nanoparticle-based delivery systems offer lung-specific iron removal with improved safety. The integration of trace-element biomarkers, including serum ferritin, hepcidin, transferrin saturation, and lipid peroxidation products, provides potential tools for patient stratification and therapy monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Targeting iron dysregulation and ferroptosis through advanced chelation strategies holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for COPD. Combining mechanistic insights with precision delivery technologies may enhance treatment efficacy and improve clinical outcomes by mitigating iron-driven oxidative lung injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary injury in hypoxia and selenium: A review","authors":"Lekang Han ,&nbsp;Ting Huang ,&nbsp;Zhongzhi Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhancui Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element required by the human body, existing in selenium proteins as selenocysteine (Sec) and selenomethionine (SeMet). Through these proteins, Se exerts its biological effects such as free radical metabolism, antioxidant functions, immune response, reproductive functions, apoptosis, and endocrine hormone regulation. Both selenium deficiency and excess are can cause adverse effects on human health. A growing number of evidence highlights the involvement of selenium and its proteins in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). During hypoxia, the body undergoes a series of changes across all organ systems. Among these, the heart, lungs, and brain—due to their high oxygen demand and metabolic activity—demonstrate particularly prominent manifestations of injury. This review summarizes the effects of selenium/selenoproteins on the cardiovascular system, emphasizing new findings on their roles in hypoxic cardiorespiratory injury. This is to provide a scientific basis for preventing and treating high-altitude illnesses from both environmental and nutritional perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of total selenium and selenium species in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples","authors":"Teresa Urbano ,&nbsp;Tommaso Filippini ,&nbsp;Barbara R. Cardoso ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Wise ,&nbsp;Giovanna Zamboni ,&nbsp;Annalisa Chiari ,&nbsp;Giulia Vinceti ,&nbsp;Manuela Tondelli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Marti ,&nbsp;Marcella Malavolti ,&nbsp;Marco Vinceti ,&nbsp;Bernhard Michalke","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The validity of biomarkers to estimate exposure to selenium (Se) species and selenoproteins in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well studied.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among 83 Italian participants with mild cognitive impairment, we estimated total Se and single Se species concentrations in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using anion exchange chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry. In each matrix (serum and CSF), we assessed associations between: 1) paired Se species and 2) total Se and Se species.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The distribution of Se exposure was comparable to that generally found in European populations. We found few consistent patterns for most biomarkers, including total Se and some Se species. An exception was a positive association between the two matrices for selenoprotein-P-bound Se and the inorganic Se form selenate, and an unexpected inverse association for glutathione-peroxidase-bound Se. Total Se was positively associated with some Se species but inversely associated with other Se species in serum, while in CSF the positive association was stronger and more consistent across various Se species.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Concentrations of total Se and single Se species in serum were not strongly correlated with their respective concentrations in CSF, the gold standard to estimate CNS exposure. Furthermore, total Se and selected Se species showed consistent positive correlations within CSF but not serum. Our results suggest that relying on serum Se concentrations to assess CNS exposure can introduce error in human studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective potential of azaleatin against sodium arsenite instigated sub-chronic cardiotoxicity via targeting TLR4/MyD88, JAK1/STAT3, and NF-κB in Sprague Dawley rats","authors":"Hesham M. Hassan ,&nbsp;Aqsa Bibi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faisal Hayat ,&nbsp;Khalid J. Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Fuad M. Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Meshari A. Alsuwat ,&nbsp;Maha A. Al-Aream","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sodium arsenite (SA) is a potent carcinogenic compound which is evident to prompt multiple organs damage including the heart. Azaleatin (AZA) is a novel therapeutic agent with excellent biological properties.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The current investigation was executed to evaluate the mitigative efficacy of AZA against SA induced sub-chronic cardiotoxicity in rats through the evaluation of biochemical and histological parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Thirty-two rats were apportioned into control, SA (10 mg kg⁻¹), SA (10 mg kg⁻¹) + AZA (25 mg kg⁻¹), and AZA (25 mg kg⁻¹) exposed group. Biochemical parameters were evaluated through different techniques including qRT-PCR, ELISA and already reported standard assays. Histological analysis was performed to validate the tissue damage. The curative potential of AZA was re-validated through in-silico approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>SA intoxication upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), janus kinase 1 (JAK1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), &amp; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) while increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, the enzymatic activities glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) were lowered whereas the levels of Troponin I, ProBNP, C-reactive protein, LDH, troponin-T, BNP and CPK were exacerbated following the SA exposure. Furthermore, SA intoxication promoted the levels of Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 while lowering the levels of Bcl-2. Cardiac tissues showed impaired histology after SA administration. Nonetheless, AZA therapy excellently ameliorated cardiac toxicity owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-apoptotic potential.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SA intoxication induced severe cardiac toxicity via disrupting biochemical and histological parameters while AZA excellently restored cardiac health profile. Collectively, AZA may serve as a cardioprotective agent in counteracting SA induced sub-chronic cardiotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of 44 elements in the lung cancer tissues of smokers: A comparative study with control lung tissues","authors":"Ljubinko Đenić ,&nbsp;Jovana Jagodić ,&nbsp;Katarina Kozlica ,&nbsp;Aleksandar Lukač ,&nbsp;Aleksandar Ristanović ,&nbsp;Janez Ščančar ,&nbsp;Aleksandar Stojsavljević","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet the baseline status of trace elements in healthy/control lung tissues is largely unresolved, with no comprehensive elemental profile established for lung cancer. This study aimed to characterize baseline concentrations of 44 elements in healthy lung tissues (n = 92) and investigate changes in elemental composition in cancerous lung tissues (n = 92). The second aim was to observe possible differences in elemental concentrations in healthy and cancerous lung tissues based on age and sex. Additionally, this study aimed to identify trace elements potentially involved in lung cancer pathophysiology. Through detailed elemental analysis, this study revealed significant differences between healthy and cancerous lung tissues. Specifically, concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Cd, and U were significantly higher in healthy lung tissues, while Cu, Tl, Pb, Rh, Pd, and Bi were significantly higher in cancerous lung tissues. Age-related analysis of the control tissue group showed that healthy lung tissue from older individuals (above 64 years) had lower concentrations of elements Mn, Zn, Be, Al, Sb, Ba, Tl, Ga, Rb, Y, Re, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, La, and Bi than healthy tissues from younger individuals (below 64 years). In cancerous lung tissues, those from females (n = 40) exhibited significantly lower concentrations of Cr, Cu, As, and Pb but higher Pt concentrations than cancerous lung tissues from males (n = 52). Furthermore, in cancerous lung tissues, those from younger patients displayed lower concentrations of As, Sb, and Au compared to equivalent tissues from older individuals. These findings offer valuable insights into the elemental composition of lung cancer tissue, enhancing the understanding of how trace elements could influence lung cancer pathophysiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 127760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}