Yan Zhang , Zaicheng Zhang , Hengtao Li , Yao Xiao , Huimin Ying
{"title":"Recent advancements in the application of multi-elemental profiling and ionomics in cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Yan Zhang , Zaicheng Zhang , Hengtao Li , Yao Xiao , Huimin Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trace elements and minerals are crucial for human growth and health, whose imbalance is associated with a variety of diseases. Recently, multi-elemental profiling and ionomics have been rapidly developed and widely used to study the distribution, variation, and interactions of various elements in diverse physiological and pathological conditions. By utilizing high-throughput elemental analytical techniques and bioinformatics approaches, researchers can uncover the relationship between the metabolism and balance of different elements and numerous human diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The presented work reviews recent advances in multi-elemental and ionomic profiling of human biological samples for several major types of cardiovascular diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Research indicates distinct and dynamic patterns of ion contents in these diseases. Accumulation of copper and environmental toxic metals as well as deficiencies in zinc and selenium appear to be the most significant risk factors for the majority of cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that an imbalance in these elements may play a role in the development of these illnesses. Furthermore, each type of cardiovascular disease exhibits a relatively unique distribution of ions in biofluid and hair samples from patients, potentially serving as indicators for the specific disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multi-elemental profiling and ionomics not only enhance our understanding of the association between elemental dyshomeostasis and the development of cardiovascular diseases but also facilitate the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nashwa Barakat , Mona A. Alkhen , Yomna Khater , Salma M. Khirallah
{"title":"Effect of Melatonin and Ginseng on rat testis and sperm quality against cadmium toxicity via inhibiting oxidative stress and autophagy pathways","authors":"Nashwa Barakat , Mona A. Alkhen , Yomna Khater , Salma M. Khirallah","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Infertility constitutes a significant global health concern. Cadmium (Cd), a hazardous element, exerts deleterious effects on the reproductive system. Consequently, it is essential to devise novel pharmaceutical strategies to mitigate this adverse effect. Melatonin is linked to the regulation of spermatogenesis across several animals. Ginseng is recognized for its antioxidant capabilities and has shown superior clinical efficacy in male reproductive health. This study aimed to inspect the preventive effects of Melatonin (Mel) and Ginseng (Gin) on the quality of epididymal sperm, as well as testicular function and structure, in rats subjected to cadmium exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty rats were allocated into four equal groups: Control group, Cadmium group: Rats were injected with 2.0 mg/kg, Melatonin group: animals were injected with 10 mg/kg and Ginseng group: Rats were oral gavage with 100 mg/kg. All treatments were maintained for 8 weeks. Testes were taken for histopathological examinations, sperm parameters analysis, biochemical and molecular studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed a significant decrease of sperm parameters in Cd group compared to the control group. Nevertheless, treatment with Mel and Gin significantly increased sperm concentration, motility, and viability compared to Cd group (p < 0.05). Besides, Cd treatment caused a significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities and an increase in NO and MDA levels which was significantly improved with Mel and Gin administration (p < 0.05). Apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy markers were significantly inhibited with Mel and Gin treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Melatonin and Ginseng reduce testicular toxicity induced by Cd, via inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy providing novel insights into combating cadmium toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143194486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaoji Yuan , Yuxuan Chen , Yijun Xin , Yong Zhang , Zihao Dong , Jianxu Wang , Xiangdong Wang , Guang Yang , Siying Li
{"title":"Key role of the CSE/transsulfuration pathway in macrophage phenotypic change under iron overload","authors":"Zhaoji Yuan , Yuxuan Chen , Yijun Xin , Yong Zhang , Zihao Dong , Jianxu Wang , Xiangdong Wang , Guang Yang , Siying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Iron homeostasis has a significant impact on the phenotypic transformation of macrophages and is implicated in various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE)/transsulfuration pathway in iron-overload induced macrophage phenotype change.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The biochemical parameters, such as qRT-PCR, western blot, fluorescence staining, were assessed both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Iron overload disrupts iron metabolism and alters the expression of genes involved in iron transport, resulting in the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype and an alternating activation state of M2. Meanwhile, excessive iron led to an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and disrupted cysteine metabolism. By utilizing erastin to inhibit SLC7A11 activity and block exogenous cysteine uptake, we were able to observe the exacerbation of the proinflammatory state in macrophages under conditions of cysteine deprivation. The CSE/transsulfuration pathway, serves as the primary route for endogenous cysteine synthesis. In the presence of iron overload, the expression of CSE was upregulated and further enhanced by cysteine deprivation. Deletion of CSE in CSE-knockout mice exacerbated the inflammatory transition of iron-overloaded macrophages by impacting cysteine metabolism and ferritinophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CSE/transsulfuration pathway regulated macrophage phenotype change under iron-overload, which may offer novel insights into potential therapeutic strategies for iron overload-related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sub-lethal toxicity effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the biochemical, oxidative biomarkers, and metabolic profile in Caridina fossarum","authors":"Hamidreza Shahryari , Iman Sourinejad , Amin Gholamhosseini , Mahdi Banaee","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the toxicity effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the biochemical and oxidative markers in freshwater miniature shrimp (<em>Caridina fossarum</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Based on the pre-test results, 540 shrimp were distributed into six trial groups in triplicate and exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Fe3O4 nanoparticles at 0.0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 320 µg L<sup>−1</sup> for 14 days. Next, biochemical parameters and oxidative biomarkers were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that exposure to 120 µg L⁻¹ ≤ of IONPs significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase activity in <em>C. fossarum</em>. Alanine aminotransferase activity showed a significant increase at 320 µg L⁻¹ . Similarly, alkaline phosphatase activity was meaningfully elevated at 160 and 320 µg L⁻¹ . Lactate dehydrogenase activity notably increased at 120 and 320 µg L⁻¹ of IONPs. IONPs at ≥ 80 µg L⁻¹ significantly reduced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly increased at 320 µg L⁻¹ . Exposure to 80 µg L⁻¹ ≤ of IONPs significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in <em>C. fossarum</em>. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde content increased considerably in shrimp exposed to different concentrations of IONPs. Exposure to IONPs could induce oxidative stress, disrupt protein structures, oxidize sulfur-containing and essential aromatic and aliphatic amino acids, impair nucleic acid stability, and change lipid metabolism and membrane integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, significant changes in biochemical parameters, oxidative biomarkers, and metabolic profile disruptions in <em>C. fossarum</em> exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of IONPs indicated cellular damage and oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of mercury exposure on male reproduction: Mechanistic insights","authors":"Bhawna Kushawaha , Rajkumar Yadav , Satish Kumar Garg , Emanuele Pelosi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury is a pervasive environmental toxin with significant negative effects on human health. In occupational settings, incidents such as the Minamata and Niigata disease in Japan and the large-scale methylmercury poisoning in Iraq have highlighted the severe health impacts of mercury exposure. It is widely accepted that all forms of mercury including methylmercury and mercuric chloride have the potential to induce toxic effects in mammals, and there is increasing concern about the impact of environmentally relevant levels of mercury on reproductive functions. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of mercury toxicity, focusing specifically on its impact on male reproductive health across species. We searched the literature and found that mercury exposure is associated with testicular degeneration, altered spermatogenesis, and Leydig cell deformation. In addition, mercury can disrupt sperm motility, steroidogenesis and interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by generation of reactive oxygen species, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes, and DNA damage. At the molecular level, mercury has been found to dysregulate the expression of key steroidogenic and spermatogenic genes, significantly reducing overall fertility potential. However, specific mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated. Similarly, comprehensive data on the potential transgenerational effects of paternal mercury exposure are lacking. In this review, we discuss both animal and human studies, and highlight the need for further research due to lack of standardization and control for variables such as lifestyle, immune system function, and exposure concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 127598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FESTEM","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0946-672X(25)00022-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0946-672X(25)00022-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 127609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of neuroprotective potential of Cuscuta reflexa in aluminium chloride-induced experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease: In vitro and in vivo studies","authors":"Pallavi Gangarde, Shvetank Bhatt, Rohini Pujari","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><div><em>Cuscuta reflexa</em> (family Convolvulaceae), commonly known as giant dodder or Amarbel, is a parasitic plant that has garnered attention in pharmacological research due to its diverse bioactive compounds and potential therapeutic applications. Scientific studies have validated its traditional uses in folk medicine, highlighting its pharmacological activities. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the buildup of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain, leading to synaptic impairment and the gradual loss of neurons. Currently, no effective medication is available to treat the development and progression of the disease. Hence, there is a rising concern about using alternative therapy such as herbal medicine to limit the progression of AD and improve the quality of a patient’s life with minimum side effects. The plant <em>Cuscuta reflexa</em> has traditionally been claimed to possess neuroprotective effects but has not yet been validated scientifically. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Cuscuta reflexa</em> (CRE) to ameliorate the neurodegenerative effect of aluminium chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>) using <em>in vitro</em> and in <em>vivo</em> studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The neuroprotective activity of CRE was evaluated using <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experimental models of AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced AD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>in vitro</em> study showed that CRE markedly reduced AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The <em>in vivo</em> study using the AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced AD rat model showed that CRE treatment improved learning and memory, as evaluated using the open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test. CRE also showed the reduction in oxidative stress induced by AlCl<sub>3</sub> in the brains of the rats by virtue of the significant decrease in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase in the antioxidant parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, CRE exhibited its cholinergic activity by lowering the AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced enhanced levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brains of rats. Histopathological analysis of the brains of rats showed that CRE treatment prevented the reactive changes and the damage in the neuronal tissue caused due to the AlCl<sub>3</sub>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Conclusively, CRE ameliorated AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced neurobehavioural toxicity in the rat model of AD by virtue of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cholinergic and neuroprotective effects which suggests its use in the treatment of progressive neural damage and cognitive deficits in AD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 127612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143194487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Éva Domokos‑Szabolcsy , Áron Soós , Béla Kovács , Zoltán Kovács , Mihály Dernovics
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Water-soluble organic selenometabolites of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) green biomass-derived fractions” [J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 86 (2024) 127545]","authors":"Éva Domokos‑Szabolcsy , Áron Soós , Béla Kovács , Zoltán Kovács , Mihály Dernovics","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 127579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associations of blood selenium with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Feiqi Lin , Zhiyuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to examine the association between blood selenium levels and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2020 were analyzed, including 8191 participants aged 6–19 years. Dyslipidemia was defined by elevated total cholesterol (TC ≥ 200 mg/dL), lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C < 40 mg/dL), or elevated non-HDL-C (≥ 145 mg/dL). Associations between blood selenium levels and dyslipidemia were examined using multivariate logistic regression, linear regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population had a mean age of 12.33 years, with 51.21 % boys. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, including dietary selenium intakes and supplementation, higher blood selenium levels were associated with increased odds of dyslipidemia and its components. In the highest quartile of blood selenium (>193.99 μg/L), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.60 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.08) for dyslipidemia, 1.70 (95 % CI: 1.19–2.43) for elevated TC, 1.38 (95 % CI: 0.97–1.96) for lowered HDL-C, and 1.73 (95 % CI: 1.20–2.48) for elevated non-HDL-C. A significant nonlinear association was observed, with dyslipidemia prevalence increasing notably above a threshold of 184.28 μg/L (<em>P</em>-nonlinearity=0.02), following a J-shaped curve. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interaction by race (<em>P</em>-interaction=0.02), with non-Hispanic White individuals showing a stronger association (OR=1.83, 95 % CI: 1.19–2.80) compared to other racial groups (OR=1.40, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.88).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated blood selenium levels are associated with higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents, particularly among non-Hispanic White individuals. The association is nonlinear, with a notable increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia observed above a blood selenium level of 184.28 μg/L. These findings suggest a need for further research to understand selenium's role in lipid profiles and its implications for public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 127596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does zinc chelation affect liver sphingolipid metabolism in an Alzheimer's-like model?","authors":"Ebru Afşar , Deniz Kantar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Cyclo-Z, a combination of Cyclo (His-Pro) plus zinc, on hepatic sphingolipid (SL) metabolism and antioxidant properties in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease rat model created via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) amyloid beta-42 oligomer (AβO) injection into the lateral ventricles. Cyclo-Z administration was performed with daily gavage for 3 weeks after the AβO injection. Ceramide, ceramide kinase (CERK), sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), glutathione (GSH), total oxidant capacity (TOS), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and caspase-3 levels were measured with Elisa kit in liver tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>S1P, CERK and GSH levels increased and ceramide, TOS, 4 HNE, and caspase-3 levels decreased in the liver tissues of AD group. Cyclo-Z treatment decreased S1P, CERK, ceramide and caspase-3 levels but increased TOS and 4-HNE levels in the liver tissues of AD group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results showed that SL metabolism was modulated to generate an anti-apoptotic defense system in liver tissue of AD rats</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 127589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}