Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第6页

Disentangling sources of variability in decision-making 解开决策中可变性的来源

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00916-3

Jade S. Duffy, Mark A. Bellgrove, Peter R. Murphy, Redmond G. O’Connell

{"title":"Disentangling sources of variability in decision-making","authors":"Jade S. Duffy, Mark A. Bellgrove, Peter R. Murphy, Redmond G. O’Connell","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00916-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00916-3","url":null,"abstract":"Even the most highly-trained observers presented with identical choice-relevant stimuli will reliably exhibit substantial trial-to-trial variability in the timing and accuracy of their choices. Despite being a pervasive feature of choice behaviour and a prominent phenotype for numerous clinical disorders, the capability to disentangle the sources of such intra-individual variability (IIV) remains limited. In principle, computational models of decision-making offer a means of parsing and estimating these sources, but methodological limitations have prevented this potential from being fully realized in practice. In this Review, we first discuss current limitations of algorithmic models for understanding variability in decision-making behaviour. We then highlight recent advances in behavioural paradigm design, novel analyses of cross-trial behavioural and neural dynamics, and the development of neurally grounded computational models that are now making it possible to link distinct components of IIV to well-defined neural processes. Taken together, we demonstrate how these methods are opening up new avenues for systematically analysing the neural origins of IIV, paving the way for a more refined, holistic understanding of decision-making in health and disease. Identifying the psychological and neurobiological processes underpinning intra-individual variations in choice behaviour presents a formidable challenge. In this Review, Duffy et al. discuss how algorithmic models for teasing apart such sources of variability and advances in behavioural paradigm design and neurally grounded computational modelling are providing new avenues for systematic progress.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 5","pages":"247-262"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Musical neurodynamics 音乐神经动力学

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00915-4

Eleanor E. Harding, Ji Chul Kim, Alexander P. Demos, Iran R. Roman, Parker Tichko, Caroline Palmer, Edward W. Large

{"title":"Musical neurodynamics","authors":"Eleanor E. Harding, Ji Chul Kim, Alexander P. Demos, Iran R. Roman, Parker Tichko, Caroline Palmer, Edward W. Large","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00915-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00915-4","url":null,"abstract":"A great deal of research in the neuroscience of music suggests that neural oscillations synchronize with musical stimuli. Although neural synchronization is a well-studied mechanism underpinning expectation, it has even more far-reaching implications for music. In this Perspective, we survey the literature on the neuroscience of music, including pitch, harmony, melody, tonality, rhythm, metre, groove and affect. We describe how fundamental dynamical principles based on known neural mechanisms can explain basic aspects of music perception and performance, as summarized in neural resonance theory. Building on principles such as resonance, stability, attunement and strong anticipation, we propose that people anticipate musical events not through predictive neural models, but because brain–body dynamics physically embody musical structure. The interaction of certain kinds of sounds with ongoing pattern-forming dynamics results in patterns of perception, action and coordination that we collectively experience as music. Statistically universal structures may have arisen in music because they correspond to stable states of complex, pattern-forming dynamical systems. This analysis of empirical findings from the perspective of neurodynamic principles sheds new light on the neuroscience of music and what makes music powerful. In this Perspective article, Edward Large and colleagues examine the neuroscience of music, placing their focus on neural resonance theory, which summarizes how the dynamics of fundamental neural mechanisms can explain various aspects of music perception and performance.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 5","pages":"293-307"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How eating makes asthma worse 饮食如何使哮喘恶化

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00912-7

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

Sensory cortex quashes subcortical escape instinct 感觉皮层抑制皮层下的逃避本能

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00913-6

Jake Rogers

引用次数: 0

Three systems of circuit formation: assembly, updating and tuning 电路形成的三个系统：装配、更新和调谐

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00910-9

Dániel L. Barabási, André Ferreira Castro, Florian Engert

{"title":"Three systems of circuit formation: assembly, updating and tuning","authors":"Dániel L. Barabási, André Ferreira Castro, Florian Engert","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00910-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00910-9","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relationship between genotype and neuronal circuit phenotype necessitates an integrated view of genetics, development, plasticity and learning. Challenging the prevailing notion that emphasizes learning and plasticity as primary drivers of circuit assembly, in this Perspective, we delineate a tripartite framework to clarify the respective roles that learning and plasticity might have in this process. In the first part of the framework, which we term System One, neural circuits are established purely through genetically driven algorithms, in which spike timing-dependent plasticity serves no instructive role. We propose that these circuits equip the animal with sufficient skill and knowledge to successfully engage the world. Next, System Two is governed by rare but critical ‘single-shot learning’ events, which occur in response to survival situations and prompt rapid synaptic reconfiguration. Such events serve as crucial updates to the existing hardwired knowledge base of an organism. Finally, System Three is characterized by a perpetual state of synaptic recalibration, involving continual plasticity for circuit stabilization and fine-tuning. By outlining the definitions and roles of these three core systems, our framework aims to resolve existing ambiguities related to and enrich our understanding of neural circuit formation. In this Perspective, Barabási, Ferreira Castro and Engert challenge the notion that learning and plasticity primarily drive the assembly of neural circuits. They present a tripartite framework for how neural circuits form, outlining the relative contributions of developmental, associative learning and tuning-based factors to this process and knowledge acquisition.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 4","pages":"232-243"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipid metabolism, remodelling and intercellular transfer in the CNS 中枢神经系统的脂质代谢、重塑和细胞间转移

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00908-3

Sam Vanherle, Melanie Loix, Veronique E. Miron, Jerome J. A. Hendriks, Jeroen F. J. Bogie

{"title":"Lipid metabolism, remodelling and intercellular transfer in the CNS","authors":"Sam Vanherle, Melanie Loix, Veronique E. Miron, Jerome J. A. Hendriks, Jeroen F. J. Bogie","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00908-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00908-3","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid metabolism encompasses the catabolism and anabolism of lipids, and is fundamental for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, particularly within the lipid-rich CNS. Increasing evidence further underscores the importance of lipid remodelling and transfer within and between glial cells and neurons as key orchestrators of CNS lipid homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize and discuss the complex landscape of processes involved in lipid metabolism, remodelling and intercellular transfer in the CNS. Highlighted are key pathways, including those mediating lipid (and lipid droplet) biogenesis and breakdown, lipid oxidation and phospholipid metabolism, as well as cell–cell lipid transfer mediated via lipoproteins, extracellular vesicles and tunnelling nanotubes. We further explore how the dysregulation of these pathways contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and examine the homeostatic and pathogenic impacts of environment, diet and lifestyle on CNS lipid metabolism. Within the CNS, lipids have vital roles in numerous cellular functions and the maintenance of lipid homeostasis is essential for brain health. Bogie and colleagues explore the mechanisms that regulate lipid biogenesis, metabolism and remodelling in the CNS, the transfer of lipids between different CNS cell types and the impact of loss of lipid homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 4","pages":"214-231"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early spinal cord development: from neural tube formation to neurogenesis 早期脊髓发育：从神经管形成到神经发生

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00906-5

Murielle Saade, Elisa Martí

{"title":"Early spinal cord development: from neural tube formation to neurogenesis","authors":"Murielle Saade, Elisa Martí","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00906-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00906-5","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the simplest and most evolutionarily conserved parts of the vertebrate nervous system, the spinal cord serves as a key model for understanding the principles of nervous system construction. During embryonic development, the spinal cord originates from a population of bipotent stem cells termed neuromesodermal progenitors, which are organized within a transient embryonic structure known as the neural tube. Neural tube morphogenesis differs along its anterior-to-posterior axis: most of the neural tube (including the regions that will develop into the brain and the anterior spinal cord) forms via the bending and dorsal fusion of the neural groove, but the establishment of the posterior region of the neural tube involves de novo formation of a lumen within a solid medullary cord. The early spinal cord primordium consists of highly polarized neural progenitor cells organized into a pseudostratified epithelium. Tight regulation of the cell division modes of these progenitors drives the embryonic growth of the neural tube and initiates primary neurogenesis. A rich history of observational and functional studies across various vertebrate models has advanced our understanding of the cellular events underlying spinal cord development, and these foundational studies are beginning to inform our knowledge of human spinal cord development. During vertebrate embryonic development, the spinal cord emerges from the posterior portion of the neural tube. Saade and Martí describe the complex series of morphogenetic events that shape the neural tube and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of the embryonic spinal cord.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 4","pages":"195-213"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathways to sex preferences 性别偏好的途径

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00909-2

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Human hippocampal circuit characterization 人类海马回路表征

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00907-4

Darran Yates

引用次数: 0

The short and long pathways to memory 记忆的短路径和长路径