Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献

Neurogenic signatures of cognitive decline and resilience 认知能力下降和恢复力的神经源性特征。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01040-6

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Clarifying the conceptual dimensions of representation in neuroscience 阐明神经科学表征的概念维度。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01030-8

Stephan Pohl, Edgar Y. Walker, David L. Barack, Jennifer Lee, Rachel N. Denison, Ned Block, Florent Meyniel, Wei Ji Ma

{"title":"Clarifying the conceptual dimensions of representation in neuroscience","authors":"Stephan Pohl, Edgar Y. Walker, David L. Barack, Jennifer Lee, Rachel N. Denison, Ned Block, Florent Meyniel, Wei Ji Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01030-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01030-8","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the centrality of the notion of representation in neuroscience, the field lacks a unified framework for the concepts used to characterize representation, leading to disparate use of both terminology and the measures associated with it. To offer clarification, we propose a core set of conceptual dimensions that characterize representations in neuroscience. These dimensions describe relations between a neural response, features that may be represented and downstream effects of the neural response. A neural response may be shown to be sensitive or specific to a feature, invariant to other features or functional (it is used downstream in the brain). We use information-theoretic measures to illustrate these conceptual dimensions and explain how they relate to data analysis methods such as correlational analyses, decoding and encoding models, representational similarity analysis, and tests of statistical dependence or adaptation. We consider several canonical examples, including models of the representation of orientation, numerosity and spatial location, which illustrate how the evidence put forth in support or criticism of these models is systematized by our framework. By offering a unified conceptual framework to characterize representation in neuroscience, we hope to aid the comparison and integration of results across studies and research groups and to help to determine when evidence for a neural representation is strong. Appeals to representation are widespread, despite neuroscientists’ uncertainty about what kind of findings count as evidence for such claims. In this Perspective, Pohl and colleagues develop a unified framework that distinguishes four conceptual dimensions relevant to representation, illustrating them in information-theoretic terms to explicitly characterize representation in neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 5","pages":"357-372"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulating intestinal immunity 调节肠道免疫。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01037-1

Darran Yates

引用次数: 0

The gatekeeper of ongoing pain: an endogenous analgesic circuit that prioritizes survival 持续疼痛的守门人：优先生存的内源性镇痛回路。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01035-3

Sora Shin

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Neural adaptation to climate change: mechanisms, limits and opportunities 神经系统对气候变化的适应：机制、限制和机遇。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01034-4

Jan Siemens, Patrick Haggard

引用次数: 0

Cueing motivation 暗示的动机。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01033-5

Jake Rogers

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodevelopment and neurodevelopmental disorders 线粒体动力学在神经发育和神经发育障碍。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01031-7

Carissa L. Sirois, Jiyoun Lee, Audrey L. Chambers, Xinyu Zhao

{"title":"Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodevelopment and neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"Carissa L. Sirois, Jiyoun Lee, Audrey L. Chambers, Xinyu Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01031-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01031-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial deficits have been found in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, how mitochondria are regulated during brain development and how their dysregulation contributes to NDDs remains unclear. Mitochondria are continuously generated and degraded, dynamically remodelled through fusion and fission and actively transported to specific cellular compartments. Altered mitochondrial dynamics have been linked to several human diseases, and there is rising interest in their roles in neurodevelopment. However, most studies of mitochondrial contributions to NDDs have focused on the metabolic consequences of their dysfunction. This Review focuses on the mitochondrion itself, with particular emphasis on mitochondrial dynamics. We summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics during brain development and discuss how genetic and epigenetic alterations that affect mitochondrial dynamics contribute to NDDs. Finally, we consider mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of NDDs. Mitochondria make essential contributions to neural development. Zhao and colleagues provide an overview of the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, degradation, remodelling and transport, the importance of these processes for neural development and the proposed links between altered mitochondrial dynamics and neurodevelopmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 5","pages":"307-326"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Redefining the central pattern generator for vertebrate locomotion 重新定义脊椎动物运动的中枢模式发生器。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01029-1

Abdeljabbar El Manira

{"title":"Redefining the central pattern generator for vertebrate locomotion","authors":"Abdeljabbar El Manira","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01029-1","url":null,"abstract":"Since its original formulation, the concept of the central pattern generator (CPG) has provided a foundational framework for understanding vertebrate locomotion. Recent advances in circuit-level neuroscience in zebrafish have redefined the CPG as a dynamic, modular and hybrid sensorimotor system. A central shift has been the replacement of the classical view of the CPG as a unitary rhythm generator with the idea that it is made up of speed-specific modules that are recruited via gear-shifting mechanisms tailored to behavioural demands. Brainstem circuits have emerged as layered controllers that initiate locomotion and modulate episode duration, speed and direction, whereas motor neurons and proprioceptors are now recognized as integral CPG components that shape rhythm and coordination. Here, I use zebrafish as a primary reference point — alongside explicit comparisons to conserved and divergent principles in mammals — to highlight new facets of the vertebrate CPG that redefine it as a highly adaptable, multilayered control system that is continuously tuned by sensory feedback and descending input. This offers a roadmap for decoding the neural logic of adaptive movement across contexts and evolutionary scales and highlights how principles revealed in zebrafish can provide testable hypotheses for terrestrial vertebrates. The neuronal circuits that comprise the spinal cord central pattern generator (CPG) orchestrate the rhythmic and coordinated motor activity that underlies locomotion. El Manira describes recent advances in our understanding of the organization and operation of the CPG, highlighting findings that have revealed its distributed, modular and adaptable nature.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 5","pages":"327-344"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational origins of cortical brain circuits for social cognition 社会认知大脑皮层回路的计算起源

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01028-2

Ali Mahmoodi, Matthew F. S. Rushworth

{"title":"Computational origins of cortical brain circuits for social cognition","authors":"Ali Mahmoodi, Matthew F. S. Rushworth","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01028-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01028-2","url":null,"abstract":"No domain rivals the importance and complexity of our social lives. Given the principle of exaptation in biology — the repurposing of existing structures for new functions — it is likely that brain regions originally evolved to perform computations in one context have been recruited for related computations in other contexts. From this point of view, brain regions for supporting social cognition should also be active in non-social contexts in which the computational demands mirror those of social situations. In this Perspective, we examine the computations required to navigate the social lives of human and non-human primates and identify brain activity patterns responsible for these functions, assessing the degree to which similar activity carries out similar computations in non-social contexts with analogous computational demands. This approach offers a unifying framework that bridges social and non-social domains and has implications for multiple areas within cognitive neuroscience, as well as emerging fields such as human–artificial agent interactions. Brain activity in regions traditionally linked to social cognition in primates also supports analogous computational demands in non-social contexts. In this Perspective, Mahmoodi and Rushworth examine the computations required to navigate the social lives of human and non-human primates, arguing how shared neural mechanisms carrying out similar computations in non-social contexts indicate computational rather than contextual specialization in the ‘social brain’.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 5","pages":"345-356"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Reply to ‘Rhythms alone cannot explain subjective time’ 回复“节奏本身不能解释主观时间”

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01025-5

György Buzsáki

引用次数: 0