Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第2页

Disordered digit maps after nerve repair 神经修复后手指地图紊乱。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01079-5

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

Early life stress primes future stress vulnerability 早期的生活压力预示着未来的压力脆弱性。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01075-9

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

Early life experiences, the neural epigenome and affective disorder risk 早期生活经历、神经表观基因组和情感障碍风险。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01074-w

Ashley M. Cunningham, Ian Maze

{"title":"Early life experiences, the neural epigenome and affective disorder risk","authors":"Ashley M. Cunningham, Ian Maze","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01074-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01074-w","url":null,"abstract":"Early life stress shapes brain development during sensitive developmental windows through persistent epigenomic changes that influence gene regulation, neural circuit maturation and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from animal models and human studies demonstrates that early adversity remodels DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and chromatin organization, leading to lasting alterations in transcriptional programmes. These responses are highly cell-type specific, brain-region specific and developmental-stage specific, with neurons and glia exhibiting distinct molecular adaptations that contribute to behavioural outcomes. Emerging evidence also implicates non-coding RNAs as important regulators of stress-induced gene expression, although their long-term roles remain less well defined than those of other epigenetic mechanisms. Peripheral epigenetic signatures associated with early life stress may provide accessible biomarkers of exposure and disease risk. Integrating epigenomic, transcriptomic, circuit-level and behavioural approaches will be essential for understanding biological embedding and identifying mechanisms that promote resilience and improve therapeutic interventions. Understanding how early life stress becomes biologically embedded remains a major challenge in neuroscience. In this Review, Maze and colleagues discuss recent advances in cell-type-specific epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying long-term stress susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"659-675"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural circuits for mammalian parental behaviour 哺乳动物亲代行为的神经回路。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01073-x

Bradley B. Jamieson, Johannes Kohl

{"title":"Neural circuits for mammalian parental behaviour","authors":"Bradley B. Jamieson, Johannes Kohl","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01073-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01073-x","url":null,"abstract":"Most mammalian offspring are born helpless and depend on sustained parental care for survival, making caregiving one of the most conserved and essential behavioural repertoires in mammals. Yet infant-directed behaviours can be remarkably variable, ranging from care to neglect and aggression, even within the same individual. How neural circuits support both the robustness and the flexibility of parental behaviour remains poorly understood. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of mammalian caregiving, placing circuit-level insights from rodent models into the broader context of parental diversity across mammals. Emerging evidence indicates that internal state and social experience dynamically reshape parental circuits across timescales from hours to weeks and that these circuits adapt their function to generate life stage-appropriate behavioural output. Rather than acting as fixed control systems for instinctive actions, parental circuits are highly plastic and context dependent. Parental behaviour therefore provides a powerful model for understanding how neural circuits are reconfigured to meet changing behavioural demands. Parental care is a conserved and robust feature of mammalian reproductive behaviour, but is highly variable, even within individuals. Jamieson and Kohl describe the neural circuits that drive parental caregiving in rodents, as well as their modulation by context, internal state, social experience, life stage and competing motivational demands.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"687-704"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cerebellar rhythms: mechanisms, functions and translational opportunities 小脑节律：机制、功能和转译机会。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01072-y

Danny Adrian Spampinato, Annibale Antonioni, Egidio D’Angelo, Giacomo Koch

{"title":"Cerebellar rhythms: mechanisms, functions and translational opportunities","authors":"Danny Adrian Spampinato, Annibale Antonioni, Egidio D’Angelo, Giacomo Koch","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01072-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01072-y","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebellar rhythms provide frequency-specific support for motor, cognitive and affective functions. These oscillations are not epiphenomenal but rather dynamically regulated, spatially organized control signals that contribute to the coordination of prediction, error correction, learning and internal model updating. By synchronizing neuronal activity across cerebellar and distributed brain networks at multiple timescales, cerebellar rhythms enable precise and adaptable behaviour and coordination across neural systems. Accordingly, they offer biologically grounded targets for network-level diagnostics and therapeutic neuromodulation. At the circuit level, cerebellar rhythms within distinct frequency bands, ranging from theta and beta to gamma and very high-frequency oscillations, arise from specific microcircuit mechanisms within the inferior olive, the granular and molecular layers of the cerebellar cortex, and the deep cerebellar nuclei. These rhythms structure spike timing and help shape synaptic plasticity windows, forming a frequency-organized substrate for learning and control. Here we describe a frequency–function–modulation framework that links cerebellar oscillations to their behavioural roles and to neuromodulatory interventions. By integrating evidence from animal studies, computational models and non-invasive stimulation studies, we position cerebellar oscillations as a bridge between cerebellar circuit dynamics and systems-level coordination, thereby providing a mechanistic rationale for precision neuromodulation across motor and cognitive domains in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Neural oscillations across a range of frequencies contribute to the cerebellum’s roles in perception, prediction and action. Koch and colleagues describe the microcircuit dynamics through which cerebellar rhythms arise, their influence on cerebellar computations and the potential for precision neuromodulation of cerebellar oscillations to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"705-726"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease 重新审视小胶质细胞状态：从体内平衡到疾病。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w

Bart J. L. Eggen, Susanne M. Kooistra

{"title":"Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease","authors":"Bart J. L. Eggen, Susanne M. Kooistra","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01066-w","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS parenchyma, are recognized as highly plastic, transcriptionally diverse cells whose phenotypes are moulded by development, region, sex, age, genotype and environment. Advances in single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling, and spatial multi-omics have negated binary frameworks of ‘resting versus activated’ or ‘M1 (pro-inflammatory) versus M2 (anti-inflammatory)’ and revealed a multidimensional state space that supports brain development, homeostasis and adaptive responses to perturbation. Building on the foundational concepts of the microglial sensome, homeostatic and disease-associated signatures, microglia exhibit transcriptomic state transitions in neurodegeneration, demyelination, infection and systemic inflammation. Moreover, a mechanistic framework for more ‘hidden’ microglial states has emerged, in which latent programmes that appear homeostatic at baseline are revealed by challenges and are instructed through innate immune training or tolerance. We argue that these covert reprogrammed states, which are shaped by ageing, genotype, sex, location and prior exposures such as sepsis or viral infection, help explain interindividual variability in disease trajectories. We conclude by outlining priorities for unifying state annotation across species and modalities, and for translating state-resolved insights into biomarkers and interventions. Transcriptomic microglial states are shaped by development, ageing, genetics, environment and disease. In this Review, Eggen and Kooistra discuss how the formation of so-called hidden immune-memory states in microglia following stimulus exposure might contribute to the variability in neurological disease outcomes.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"676-686"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148522130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dopaminergic mechanisms in frontal cortex for the control of top-down attention 额叶皮层多巴胺能控制自上而下注意力的机制

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01071-z

Guilhem Ibos

引用次数: 0

Unlocking spontaneous cognition in the age of data science 在数据科学时代开启自发认知。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01065-x

Andrea I. Luppi, Helena M. Gellersen, Lorina Naci, Alessandro Gozzi, Daniel Bor

引用次数: 0

Brain mitochondria as key drivers of cognition and behaviour 脑线粒体是认知和行为的关键驱动因素

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1

Carmen Sandi, Mary Kay Lobo, Fiona Hollis, Yusuke Hirabayashi, Jaime de Juan-Sanz, Juan P. Bolaños

{"title":"Brain mitochondria as key drivers of cognition and behaviour","authors":"Carmen Sandi, Mary Kay Lobo, Fiona Hollis, Yusuke Hirabayashi, Jaime de Juan-Sanz, Juan P. Bolaños","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01061-1","url":null,"abstract":"Cognition and behaviour arise from computations in neural circuits, which can differ in their readiness for recruitment or in the computations and behavioural outputs that they generate. Mitochondria contribute to both circuit properties and their variability by shaping the cellular processes on which circuit function depends. Across neurons and glia, mitochondria provide bioenergetic support, regulate Ca2+ dynamics and reactive oxygen species levels, influence neurotransmitter synthesis and turnover, and sustain quality control programmes that preserve cellular integrity. The capacity of mitochondria to provide this support and their plasticity have been linked to circuit architecture, engagement and adaptation, with implications for learning and memory, reward and reinforcement, state–trait anxiety and motivation. Here we describe two complementary modes of mitochondrial support: a baseline mode, in which mitochondria sustain circuit architecture and physiological properties over long timescales, and an activity-evoked mode, in which local mitochondrial outputs support synaptic transmission and plasticity. Distinguishing these two modes helps to explain how behavioural modulators, including stress hormones, immune activity and metabolic signals, can shape behaviour by altering either baseline mitochondrial control of circuit readiness or activity-evoked mitochondrial support during circuit engagement. Neuronal and glial mitochondria support neuronal circuit function and plasticity through the supply of energetic substrates and the regulation of cellular physiology. Sandi and colleagues describe how mitochondrial functions shape baseline circuit states, support circuit engagement and thereby contribute to cognition and behaviour.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 9","pages":"618-636"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rewarding experiences boost motor performance 奖励体验会促进运动表现。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01069-7

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0