Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第3页

Long-range axon branching: contributions to brain network plasticity and repair 远距离轴突分支：对大脑网络可塑性和修复的贡献。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01008-y

Linda J. Richards, Cheng Huang, Adam Q. Bauer, Jin-Moo Lee

{"title":"Long-range axon branching: contributions to brain network plasticity and repair","authors":"Linda J. Richards, Cheng Huang, Adam Q. Bauer, Jin-Moo Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-01008-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-01008-y","url":null,"abstract":"Brain function requires exquisitely adapted plasticity at multiple scales, from synapses to whole-brain networks. Evidence for large-scale plasticity in functional brain networks comes from neuroimaging data across a variety of species, particularly during development and following injury. However, how large-scale network remodelling is achieved at the microscopic level is unknown as the growth of entirely new long-distance axons is unlikely to occur. Recent insights from electron microscopic connectome studies and single-cell projectomes of neurons in the brains of multiple model organisms have provided new evidence for the incredible structural complexity of axons and their branches that traverse the brain. This evidence shows highly arborized axonal projections, differentially myelinated branches of the same axon, and axonal regions devoid of synaptic contacts but with the potential to form synaptic connections in new or additional areas. Recent electron microscopic data suggest that these axonal features may be evolutionarily conserved. Here we consider whether these features could enable long-range and large-scale neuroplastic changes at a functional level, particularly following focal brain injury. These insights contribute to our emerging understanding of how the brain undergoes large-scale reorganization to adapt to changing circumstances. Connectome reconstructions across multiple species reveal that the morphology of axonal projections is highly variable, even between neurons of the same location or subtype. In this Review, Richards et al. discuss the implications of this for interareal communication and for functional network plasticity in both the healthy brain and following brain injury.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 4","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astroengrams: rethinking the cellular substrate for memory 星形图：重新思考记忆的细胞基质。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01012-2

Javier Sánchez Romero, Marta Navarrete

{"title":"Astroengrams: rethinking the cellular substrate for memory","authors":"Javier Sánchez Romero, Marta Navarrete","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-01012-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-01012-2","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of memory and learning has been largely overshadowed by neurocentric studies, leaving non-neuronal cells out of the equation. The cellular substrate for memory is thought to lie within engrams — ensembles of neurons that activate during learning, whose reactivation leads to recall of the acquired memory. Astrocytes are now taking centre stage in the modulation of memory and other cognitive functions. Contrary to widespread assumptions, these glial cells activate as sparse groups, or ensembles, and reactivation of astrocyte ensembles recruited during learning produces recall. Recent advances using activity-dependent tools to interrogate the roles of astrocytes in memory support a paradigm shift: engrams not only are composed of neurons but also include astrocyte ensembles that activate during learning, forming what we call ‘astroengrams’. Thus, the coordinated activity of neuronal and astrocytic engrams provides an integrated framework to orchestrate memory storage and recall. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, through coordinated activation in sparse ensembles, contribute to memory traces — termed ‘astro-neuronal engrams’. In this Perspective, Sánchez Romero and Navarrete discuss supporting evidence for astro-neuronal engrams and how these findings challenge traditional neurocentric models of memory.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 4","pages":"289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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HIV-1 subtype diversity in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV HIV-1亚型多样性在神经hiv发病机制中的作用。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01015-z

Monray. E. Williams, Lindokuhle Thela, Charles Wood, Robert H. Paul, Vurayai Ruhanya, Petrus J. W. Naude, Eliseo Eugenin

引用次数: 0

Neural excitability promotes glioma growth 神经兴奋性促进神经胶质瘤生长。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01017-x

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Time alone: cytokine-induced isolation during sickness 独处时间：生病期间细胞因子诱导的隔离。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01013-1

Sian Lewis

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The brain–heart axis: effects of cardiovascular disease on the CNS and opportunities for central neuromodulation 脑心轴：心血管疾病对中枢神经系统的影响和中枢神经调节的机会。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01000-6

Valerie Y. H. van Weperen, Marmar Vaseghi

{"title":"The brain–heart axis: effects of cardiovascular disease on the CNS and opportunities for central neuromodulation","authors":"Valerie Y. H. van Weperen, Marmar Vaseghi","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-01000-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-01000-6","url":null,"abstract":"Bidirectional, multilevel communication between the heart and the brain is pivotal for the beat-to-beat regulation of cardiac function and the close titration of cardiac output to meet metabolic demand. Given this bidirectional communication, it is perhaps not surprising that cardiac pathologies lead to changes in the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system, which in turn lead to further progression of cardiovascular disease. Within the CNS, structural and functional changes have been reported in the setting of hypertension and heart failure in multiple autonomic regions and nuclei, including the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus and higher centres, such as the amygdala and thalamus. These alterations enhance the excitability of sympathetic neuronal populations and diminish the excitability of neurons within the parasympathetic nuclei, resulting in sympathovagal imbalance. The primary drivers of these structural and functional changes appear to be a combination of increased angiotensin signalling (both central and peripheral), neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and glial activation. Targeting the CNS in the setting of cardiovascular disease presents an exciting avenue for the field of neuromodulation. Maladaptive central autonomic remodelling that occurs in response to heart failure and hypertension drives sympathetic overactivity and cardiac dysfunction. In this Review, van Weperen and Vaseghi discuss the neural, glial and molecular mechanisms underlying these changes, as well as emerging neuromodulatory strategies aimed at restoring autonomic balance.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 3","pages":"159-177"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vivo multimodal neurochemical interfaces for real-time decoding of brain circuit 实时解码脑回路的体内多模态神经化学接口。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01003-3

Yeji Kim, Seongjun Park

{"title":"In vivo multimodal neurochemical interfaces for real-time decoding of brain circuit","authors":"Yeji Kim, Seongjun Park","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-01003-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-01003-3","url":null,"abstract":"Neurochemical signalling has emerged as a rapid, versatile and indispensable layer of neural computation, operating alongside electrical activity to shape circuit dynamics, behaviour and disease progression. Decoding these signals in vivo requires sensing platforms that combine spatiotemporal resolution, molecular specificity and anatomical compatibility, capabilities beyond those of traditional sampling methods. Electrochemical technologies, from fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to molecular recognition sensors, deliver subsecond temporal resolution without genetic manipulation, whereas optical approaches using genetically encoded indicators achieve cell-specific measurements with high spatial precision. However, most existing implementations provide only a single sensing function, restricting measurements to a passive chemical dimension and limiting comprehensive or causal circuit analysis. Hybrid systems begin to bridge this gap by coupling stimulation and sensing within unified interfaces, enabling richer interrogation of brain networks. Building on this foundation, transformative multimodal platforms fundamentally expand the boundaries of chemical sensing, overcoming limitations in scope, resolution and accessibility, to enable brain-wide, multianalyte and remote operation. In doing so, they elevate in vivo neurochemical sensing to a frontier discipline, offering unprecedented opportunities to map, decode and therapeutically modulate the chemical logic that underlies cognition, behaviour and pathology. Neural decoding remains constrained by methods that miss the brain’s chemical signalling dimension. In this Review, Kim and Park discuss hybrid and transformative neurochemical interfaces that provide real-time access to the brain’s dynamic molecular activity.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 3","pages":"178-195"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the power of simple models: when emergent properties predict clinical outcomes 简单模型的力量：紧急属性何时能预测临床结果。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01011-3

Erfan Nozari

引用次数: 0

Synaptic-resolution connectomics: towards large brains and connectomic screening 突触分辨率连接组学：迈向更大的大脑和连接组筛选。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00998-z

Moritz Helmstaedter

{"title":"Synaptic-resolution connectomics: towards large brains and connectomic screening","authors":"Moritz Helmstaedter","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00998-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00998-z","url":null,"abstract":"Neuronal circuits are the key target of both evolutionary and individual adaptation that enable organisms to successfully navigate, predict and shape their environment. Synaptic-resolution connectomics has the ambition to map neuronal circuits at scale to uncover the phylogenetic and ontogenetic implementations realized across the animal kingdom. The past 20 years have seen an ambitious methodological agenda using large-scale 3D electron microscopy and machine learning that have expanded, by a factor of 1,000, the connectomically accessible volumes at synaptic resolution from about 100 µm3 to about 1 mm3. This implies that the field can now move beyond specialized miniature circuits to a large range of local neuropil in mice, including areas of cortical grey matter. Resolving the local cortical circuits of larger brains, including human, and whole-brain synaptic connectomes of small reptiles, rodents, birds and non-human primates is the next major target. In this Review, the critical methodological innovations in brain tissue preparation, ablation or sectioning, imaging and artificial intelligence-based 3D image analysis are discussed alongside remaining challenges, in particular for connectomic mapping of centimetre-scale circuits such as a whole adult mouse brain. Importantly, these advances at the connectomic frontier are now enabling the multifold mapping of comparably smaller circuits. This will enable connectomic screening for the study of complex interactions between evolutionary determinism, individual experience and behavioural performance, as well as age-dependent and pathological alterations of connectomes. Connectomics has delivered on its promise to map neuronal circuits at scale and at synaptic resolution. In this Review, Helmstaedter describes recent methodological achievements and remaining challenges in synaptic-resolution connectomics while synthesizing expanding connectomic mapping ambitions that include resolving local circuits of larger brains and screening of connectomes.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 2","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Autonomic dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease 作者更正：神经退行性疾病中的自主神经功能障碍。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01014-0

Mara Mather

引用次数: 0