Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第4页

Non-invasive deep-brain neuromodulation by transcranial radio frequency stimulation 经颅射频刺激无创脑深部神经调节。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01060-2

Omid Yaghmazadeh

引用次数: 0

The AMPA receptor life cycle: assembly, regulation and synaptic diversity AMPA受体生命周期：组装、调节和突触多样性。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-06-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01055-z

Derek Bowie, Xin-Tong Wang, Federico Miguez-Cabello, Amanda M. Perozzo

{"title":"The AMPA receptor life cycle: assembly, regulation and synaptic diversity","authors":"Derek Bowie, Xin-Tong Wang, Federico Miguez-Cabello, Amanda M. Perozzo","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01055-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01055-z","url":null,"abstract":"AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. Recent structural, functional and proteomic advances have reshaped our understanding of how these receptors assemble, gate and diversify within distinct synaptic environments. Notably, AMPAR function is governed by an interlocking set of regulatory layers that include alternative splicing and RNA editing within regions of the receptor subunits responsible for gating and permeation, and direct allosteric coupling with different families of auxiliary proteins. The assembly of AMPARs through a dedicated endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis pathway ensures accurate tetramer formation and provides a regulatory checkpoint for synaptic receptor abundance. Brain development introduces additional layers of control as editing, splicing and auxiliary-subunit expression shift from embryonic to adult states, whereas interactions with extracellular proteins contribute to the organization and diversification of synaptic architecture across circuits. Thus, AMPARs are dynamic macromolecular assemblies whose diversity underlies the breadth of glutamatergic signalling in health and disease. This Review synthesizes these emerging principles, highlighting how AMPARs transition from their molecular ‘birth’ to their deployment at functionally specialized synapses. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Derek Bowie and colleagues describe recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory layers that operate across the lifespan of an AMPAR to govern its assembly, structure and function.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 8","pages":"551-570"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolving rapid cell-surface proteome remodelling in intact neural circuits 解决完整神经回路中细胞表面蛋白质组快速重塑的问题。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-06-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01052-2

Colleen N. McLaughlin

引用次数: 0

When inhibition organizes the brain 当抑制组织大脑时。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01051-3

Renata Batista-Brito

引用次数: 0

Metabolic vulnerability and tau pathology in combination drive necroptosis 代谢易感性和tau病理共同驱动坏死性上睑下垂。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01053-1

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

Neural basis of social hierarchy across species 跨物种社会等级的神经基础。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01047-z

Rongzhen Yan, Dayu Lin

{"title":"Neural basis of social hierarchy across species","authors":"Rongzhen Yan, Dayu Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01047-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01047-z","url":null,"abstract":"A social hierarchy is an ordered ranking of individuals that arises through their interactions and governs relative access to resources and social influence. This form of social organization is pervasive across animal species and has a crucial role in shaping survival and reproductive outcomes. Across species, the routes to high status vary widely. As social groups become more complex, the basis of hierarchy shifts from simple residency rules to fighting-based dominance and finally to alliance-based systems. In this Review, we first examine the neuroendocrine and subcortical mechanisms that support status transitions in residency-based hierarchies. We then discuss plasticity within hypothalamic and mesolimbic circuits that underlie fighting-outcome-based social learning, through which fighting-based hierarchies emerge. Finally, we explore alliance-based hierarchies in cognitively complex species, in which individuals attain status through coalition formation, cooperation and reputation. We review evidence that cortical regions encode information about the strengths, emotions, experiences and intentions of other individuals and use this to navigate complex social interactions and attain status. As social hierarchies have shifted from primarily fighting-based to increasingly alliance-based strategies over evolutionary time, neural control of status has, thus, transitioned from subcortical social behaviour circuits to a more elaborated cortical network in humans. Structured social hierarchies, in which individuals differ in their access to resources and influence over other group members, are a characteristic of many social species. Rongzhen Yan and Dayu Lin describe the diverse routes through which social hierarchies arise in different species and outline our current understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 7","pages":"494-512"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linking the exposome to the brain–behaviour phenotype 将暴露与大脑行为表型联系起来。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01049-x

Sarah Genon, Agustin Ibanez, Masoud Tahmasian, Simon B. Eickhoff

{"title":"Linking the exposome to the brain–behaviour phenotype","authors":"Sarah Genon, Agustin Ibanez, Masoud Tahmasian, Simon B. Eickhoff","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01049-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01049-x","url":null,"abstract":"A range of environmental, lifestyle and biological exposures across the lifespan — varying in timing, duration and intensity — interact with genetic factors to shape an individual’s neurocognitive phenotype. By referring to the totality of exposures that an individual has experienced in their life so far, the exposome offers a valuable concept to better understand interindividual variability in not only brain–behaviour phenotype but also vulnerability and resilience to brain diseases. Numerous large-scale neuroimaging projects are enriched with extended exposomic data including sociodemographic, biomedical, lifestyle and environmental measurements. Yet, deciphering how this complex web of influences collectively and dynamically shapes individual brain–behaviour phenotypes comes with substantial challenges. In this Perspective, we first emphasize how the exposome concept refers to a set of interrelated and interacting factors and outline how multivariate pattern learning enables us to account for this complexity. We also highlight temporality as a key challenge, as the timing, duration and sequencing of exposures importantly shape their associations with brain–behaviour phenotypes, and we discuss existing approaches to address these dynamics and their limitations. We further underscore the challenge of causal inferences in population datasets, especially given bidirectional exposome–brain relationships. We then refer to traditional statistical design, as well as generative models and causal machine learning, as promising perspectives to approach data entanglement. Finally, we conclude that, to truly benefit global health, the field also needs to address the lack of global diversity in brain–behaviour exposomic research. Many physical, social, lifestyle and systemic body factors — collectively termed the ‘exposome’ — can influence brain and behavioural phenotypes across the lifespan. In this Perspective, Sarah Genon and colleagues examine how we can gain a better understanding of the exposome’s neurocognitive effects.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 7","pages":"513-524"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping the molecular effects of Down syndrome in the developing brain 绘制唐氏综合症在发育中的大脑中的分子效应。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01050-4

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Rethinking hierarchy: the auditory system as an integrated cortical–subcortical network 重新思考层次：听觉系统作为一个整合的皮层-皮层下网络。

IF 29 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01045-1

Michael Lohse, Ben D. B. Willmore, Andrew J. King

{"title":"Rethinking hierarchy: the auditory system as an integrated cortical–subcortical network","authors":"Michael Lohse, Ben D. B. Willmore, Andrew J. King","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01045-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01045-1","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian sensory systems are traditionally viewed as hierarchical pathways in which subcortical nuclei relay signals from peripheral receptors to the cortex, where sensory information is contextualized for perception and behaviour. However, the auditory pathway contains an unusually large number of anatomically complex, recurrently connected subcortical nuclei that transmit heavily pre-processed information to the cortex. Emerging evidence shows that the auditory system functions as an integrated cortical–subcortical network that is heavily influenced by non-auditory inputs and extensive bidirectional connectivity at nearly all levels. Subcortical structures are not passive relays but active participants in computations traditionally attributed to cortex, including adaptive coding of sound statistics, multisensory integration, encoding of behavioural relevance and action, and learning. Although certain transformations occur hierarchically — such as brainstem spatial processing — sensitivity to most sound features forms a continuum across the auditory pathway, with modulation by other sensory, motor and cognitive systems at every stage. The degree of subcortical pre-processing may explain why emergent cortical properties are harder to identify in audition than in vision, in which cortical and subcortical receptive field properties are more distinct. This distributed circuit organization opens new avenues for understanding how the brain constructs perception and guides behaviour from the fusion of sensory evidence and contextual knowledge. The auditory system differs from other senses in the complexity of its subcortical pathways. King and colleagues examine how subcortical structures transform sound representations and integrate sensory and behavioural context, highlighting their fundamental role in shaping cortical activity and in active listening.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 7","pages":"465-480"},"PeriodicalIF":29.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large-scale electrophysiology at single-spike resolution 单尖峰分辨率大尺度电生理学。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-026-01042-4

Joshua H. Siegle, Nicholas A. Steinmetz

{"title":"Large-scale electrophysiology at single-spike resolution","authors":"Joshua H. Siegle, Nicholas A. Steinmetz","doi":"10.1038/s41583-026-01042-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-026-01042-4","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in electrode technology — including the development of Neuropixels and SiNAPS probes — have made it possible to routinely capture spike trains from thousands of neurons distributed across the brain. Widespread dissemination of these tools has not only yielded new discoveries but also changed the way in which neuroscientific questions are asked and answered. In this article, we describe the motivations for collecting electrophysiological recordings on this scale, review the basic physical principles underlying these measurements and discuss key considerations for generating optimally useful datasets. We compare the latest devices for large-scale recordings and address challenges and opportunities in data analysis, rigour, reproducibility and data sharing. Finally, we provide a roadmap for future advances in this space. We argue that widely available hardware, software and protocols are now empowering scientists to perform experiments matched to the scale and complexity of the neural circuits that underlie complex mammalian behaviours. Recent advances in large-scale electrophysiology now enable researchers to record from thousands of neurons distributed across the brain. Siegle and Steinmetz describe the principles underlying this technology and outline the key considerations, challenges and opportunities associated with collecting, analysing and sharing large electrophysiological datasets.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 6","pages":"395-415"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0