Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第5页

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00874-2

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

A roadmap towards standardized neuroimaging approaches for human thalamic nuclei 人类丘脑核标准化神经成像方法路线图

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00867-1

Shailendra Segobin, Roy A. M. Haast, Vinod Jangir Kumar, Annalisa Lella, Anneke Alkemade, Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Emmanuel J. Barbeau, Olivier Felician, Giulio Pergola, Anne-Lise Pitel, Manojkumar Saranathan, Thomas Tourdias, Michael Hornberger

{"title":"A roadmap towards standardized neuroimaging approaches for human thalamic nuclei","authors":"Shailendra Segobin, Roy A. M. Haast, Vinod Jangir Kumar, Annalisa Lella, Anneke Alkemade, Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Emmanuel J. Barbeau, Olivier Felician, Giulio Pergola, Anne-Lise Pitel, Manojkumar Saranathan, Thomas Tourdias, Michael Hornberger","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00867-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00867-1","url":null,"abstract":"The thalamus has a key role in mediating cortical–subcortical interactions but is often neglected in neuroimaging studies, which mostly focus on changes in cortical structure and activity. One of the main reasons for the thalamus being overlooked is that the delineation of individual thalamic nuclei via neuroimaging remains controversial. Indeed, neuroimaging atlases vary substantially regarding which thalamic nuclei are included and how their delineations were established. Here, we review current and emerging methods for thalamic nuclei segmentation in neuroimaging data and consider the limitations of existing techniques in terms of their research and clinical applicability. We address these challenges by proposing a roadmap to improve thalamic nuclei segmentation in human neuroimaging and, in turn, harmonize research approaches and advance clinical applications. We believe that a collective effort is required to achieve this. We hope that this will ultimately lead to the thalamic nuclei being regarded as key brain regions in their own right and not (as often currently assumed) as simply a gateway between cortical and subcortical regions. The human thalamus comprises multiple nuclei with distinct connectivity patterns and anatomical features; however, current neuroimaging approaches have a limited capacity to delinate individual thalamic nuclei. Segobin and colleagues outline the challenges that this presents to our understanding of the function of these nuclei and propose a roadmap for the future of thalamic neuroimaging.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 12","pages":"792-808"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How can ethology inform the neuroscience of fear, aggression and dominance? 人种学如何为恐惧、攻击性和支配地位的神经科学提供信息？

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00858-2

Dorian Battivelli, Zhengxiao Fan, Hailan Hu, Cornelius T. Gross

{"title":"How can ethology inform the neuroscience of fear, aggression and dominance?","authors":"Dorian Battivelli, Zhengxiao Fan, Hailan Hu, Cornelius T. Gross","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00858-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00858-2","url":null,"abstract":"The study of behaviour is dominated by two approaches. On the one hand, ethologists aim to understand how behaviour promotes adaptation to natural contexts. On the other, neuroscientists aim to understand the molecular, cellular, circuit and psychological origins of behaviour. These two complementary approaches must be combined to arrive at a full understanding of behaviour in its natural setting. However, methodological limitations have restricted most neuroscientific research to the study of how discrete sensory stimuli elicit simple behavioural responses under controlled laboratory conditions that are only distantly related to those encountered in real life. Fortunately, the recent advent of neural monitoring and manipulation tools adapted for use in freely behaving animals has enabled neuroscientists to incorporate naturalistic behaviours into their studies and to begin to consider ethological questions. Here, we examine the promises and pitfalls of this trend by describing how investigations of rodent fear, aggression and dominance behaviours are changing to take advantage of an ethological appreciation of behaviour. We lay out current impediments to this approach and propose a framework for the evolution of the field that will allow us to take maximal advantage of an ethological approach to neuroscience and to increase its relevance for understanding human behaviour. Advances in tools available to monitor and manipulate neural activity in freely moving animals can enable the investigation of naturalistic behaviours. In this Perspective, Gross and colleagues outline the challenges that neuroscientists face when incorporating ethological context into studies of fear, aggression and dominance and provide suggestions to overcome these barriers.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 12","pages":"809-819"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome 21 三体综合征对唐氏综合征患者大脑发育的影响

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00866-2

Matthew L. Russo, André M. M. Sousa, Anita Bhattacharyya

{"title":"Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome","authors":"Matthew L. Russo, André M. M. Sousa, Anita Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00866-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00866-2","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of cognitive deficits and altered brain morphology in newborns with Down syndrome (DS) suggests that these features are driven by disruptions at the earliest stages of brain development. Despite its high prevalence and extensively characterized cognitive phenotypes, relatively little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the changes seen in DS. Recent technical advances, such as single-cell omics and the development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of DS, now enable in-depth analyses of the biochemical and molecular drivers of altered brain development in DS. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on brain development in DS, focusing primarily on data from human post-mortem brain tissue. We explore the biological mechanisms that have been proposed to lead to intellectual disability in DS, assess the extent to which data from studies using iPSC models supports these hypotheses, and identify current gaps in the field. Trisomy 21, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, is associated with both cognitive deficits and altered brain structure. Here, Anita Bhattacharyya and colleagues discuss our current understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms that are disrupted in Down syndrome and that underlie these changes.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 11","pages":"740-755"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RNA granules in flux: dynamics to balance physiology and pathology 变化中的 RNA 颗粒：平衡生理和病理的动态变化

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00859-1

Michael A. Kiebler, Karl E. Bauer

{"title":"RNA granules in flux: dynamics to balance physiology and pathology","authors":"Michael A. Kiebler, Karl E. Bauer","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00859-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00859-1","url":null,"abstract":"The life cycle of an mRNA is a complex process that is tightly regulated by interactions between the mRNA and RNA-binding proteins, forming molecular machines known as RNA granules. Various types of these membrane-less organelles form inside cells, including neurons, and contribute critically to various physiological processes. RNA granules are constantly in flux, change dynamically and adapt to their local environment, depending on their intracellular localization. The discovery that RNA condensates can form by liquid–liquid phase separation expanded our understanding of how compartments may be generated in the cell. Since then, a plethora of new functions have been proposed for distinct condensates in cells that await their validation in vivo. The finding that dysregulation of RNA granules (for example, stress granules) is likely to affect neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases further boosted interest in this topic. RNA granules have various physiological functions in neurons and in the brain that we would like to focus on. We outline examples of state-of-the-art experiments including timelapse microscopy in neurons to unravel the precise functions of various types of RNA granule. Finally, we distinguish physiologically occurring RNA condensation from aberrant aggregation, induced by artificial RNA overexpression, and present visual examples to discriminate both forms in neurons. The physiological dynamics of the molecular machines known as RNA granules have broad implications for neuronal function. In this Review, Kiebler and Bauer discuss the many open questions remaining and highlight recent research, experimental caveats and novel approaches.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 11","pages":"711-725"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pericyte relaxation boosts cerebral blood flow 毛细血管松弛可促进脑血流

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00873-3

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Genetically defined neuron types underlying visuomotor transformation in the superior colliculus 上丘视觉运动转换所依赖的基因定义神经元类型

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00856-4

Jianhua Cang, Chen Chen, Chuiwen Li, Yuanming Liu

{"title":"Genetically defined neuron types underlying visuomotor transformation in the superior colliculus","authors":"Jianhua Cang, Chen Chen, Chuiwen Li, Yuanming Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00856-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00856-4","url":null,"abstract":"The superior colliculus (SC) is a conserved midbrain structure that is important for transforming visual and other sensory information into motor actions. Decades of investigations in numerous species have made the SC and its nonmammalian homologue, the optic tectum, one of the best studied structures in the brain, with rich information now available regarding its anatomical organization, its extensive inputs and outputs and its important functions in many reflexive and cognitive behaviours. Excitingly, recent studies using modern genomic and physiological approaches have begun to reveal the diverse neuronal subtypes in the SC, as well as their unique functions in visuomotor transformation. Studies have also started to uncover how subtypes of SC neurons form intricate circuits to mediate visual processing and visually guided behaviours. Here, we review these recent discoveries on the cell types and neuronal circuits underlying visuomotor transformations mediated by the SC. We also highlight the important future directions made possible by these new developments. The superior colliculus is a structure in the midbrain that has a key role in transforming sensory information into motor actions. In this Review, Cang et al. discuss the cell types and neural circuits that underlie visuomotor transformations mediated by this structure.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 11","pages":"726-739"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concept cells and social memory: the abstract representation of familiar individuals 概念细胞与社会记忆：熟悉个体的抽象表征

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00865-3

Teruhiro Okuyama

引用次数: 0

Thicker perineuronal nets disrupt insulin signalling 增厚的神经元周围网会干扰胰岛素信号传导

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00872-4

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

How witnessing distress alters resilience 目睹痛苦如何改变复原力