Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00819-9

Alexander B. Silva, Kaylo T. Littlejohn, Jessie R. Liu, David A. Moses, Edward F. Chang

{"title":"The speech neuroprosthesis","authors":"Alexander B. Silva, Kaylo T. Littlejohn, Jessie R. Liu, David A. Moses, Edward F. Chang","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00819-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00819-9","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of speech after paralysis is devastating, but circumventing motor-pathway injury by directly decoding speech from intact cortical activity has the potential to restore natural communication and self-expression. Recent discoveries have defined how key features of speech production are facilitated by the coordinated activity of vocal-tract articulatory and motor-planning cortical representations. In this Review, we highlight such progress and how it has led to successful speech decoding, first in individuals implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical epilepsy monitoring and subsequently in individuals with paralysis as part of early feasibility clinical trials to restore speech. We discuss high-spatiotemporal-resolution neural interfaces and the adaptation of state-of-the-art speech computational algorithms that have driven rapid and substantial progress in decoding neural activity into text, audible speech, and facial movements. Although restoring natural speech is a long-term goal, speech neuroprostheses already have performance levels that surpass communication rates offered by current assistive-communication technology. Given this accelerated rate of progress in the field, we propose key evaluation metrics for speed and accuracy, among others, to help standardize across studies. We finish by highlighting several directions to more fully explore the multidimensional feature space of speech and language, which will continue to accelerate progress towards a clinically viable speech neuroprosthesis. A clinically viable speech neuroprosthesis could restore natural speech to individuals with vocal-tract paralysis. In this Review, Silva et al. discuss rapid progress in neural interfaces and computational algorithms for decoding speech from cortical activity and propose evaluation metrics to help standardize speech neuroprostheses.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 7","pages":"473-492"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling nature and nurture in cortical (re)organization 揭示大脑皮层（再）组织中的天性与养育。

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00825-x

Tina T. Liu

引用次数: 0

Remapping revisited: how the hippocampus represents different spaces 重温映射：海马如何表现不同的空间。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00817-x

André A. Fenton

{"title":"Remapping revisited: how the hippocampus represents different spaces","authors":"André A. Fenton","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00817-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00817-x","url":null,"abstract":"The representation of distinct spaces by hippocampal place cells has been linked to changes in their place fields (the locations in the environment where the place cells discharge strongly), a phenomenon that has been termed ‘remapping’. Remapping has been assumed to be accompanied by the reorganization of subsecond cofiring relationships among the place cells, potentially maximizing hippocampal information coding capacity. However, several observations challenge this standard view. For example, place cells exhibit mixed selectivity, encode non-positional variables, can have multiple place fields and exhibit unreliable discharge in fixed environments. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that, when measured at subsecond timescales, the moment-to-moment cofiring of a pair of cells in one environment is remarkably similar in another environment, despite remapping. Here, I propose that remapping is a misnomer for the changes in place fields across environments and suggest instead that internally organized manifold representations of hippocampal activity are actively registered to different environments to enable navigation, promote memory and organize knowledge. The location-specific firing of hippocampal place cells changes when an animal enters a new environment, a phenomenon known as ‘remapping’. In this Perspective, André A. Fenton challenges standard models of place cell remapping and proposes a key role for the ‘re-registration’ of internally organized place cell population dynamics in the encoding of distinct environments.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 6","pages":"428-448"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress drives seeking of starvation 压力促使人们寻求饥饿

IF 28.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00821-1

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Engram mechanisms of memory linking and identity 记忆链接和身份识别的语篇机制

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00814-0

Ali Choucry, Masanori Nomoto, Kaoru Inokuchi

{"title":"Engram mechanisms of memory linking and identity","authors":"Ali Choucry, Masanori Nomoto, Kaoru Inokuchi","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00814-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00814-0","url":null,"abstract":"Memories are thought to be stored in neuronal ensembles referred to as engrams. Studies have suggested that when two memories occur in quick succession, a proportion of their engrams overlap and the memories become linked (in a process known as prospective linking) while maintaining their individual identities. In this Review, we summarize the key principles of memory linking through engram overlap, as revealed by experimental and modelling studies. We describe evidence of the involvement of synaptic memory substrates, spine clustering and non-linear neuronal capacities in prospective linking, and suggest a dynamic somato-synaptic model, in which memories are shared between neurons yet remain separable through distinct dendritic and synaptic allocation patterns. We also bring into focus retrospective linking, in which memories become associated after encoding via offline reactivation, and discuss key temporal and mechanistic differences between prospective and retrospective linking, as well as the potential differences in their cognitive outcomes. Many cognitive functions rely on the ability to link distinct but related memories, while retaining the capacity to recall the individual details of the linked memories. Inokuchi and colleagues describe evidence that memory linking involves engram overlap and discuss the mechanisms that regulate this process.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 6","pages":"375-392"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140648679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skill switching 技能转换

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00820-2

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

The molecular determinants of microglial developmental dynamics 小胶质细胞发育动态的分子决定因素

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00813-1

Liam Barry-Carroll, Diego Gomez-Nicola

{"title":"The molecular determinants of microglial developmental dynamics","authors":"Liam Barry-Carroll, Diego Gomez-Nicola","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00813-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00813-1","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia constitute the largest population of parenchymal macrophages in the brain and are considered a unique subset of central nervous system glial cells owing to their extra-embryonic origins in the yolk sac. During development, microglial progenitors readily proliferate and eventually colonize the entire brain. In this Review, we highlight the origins of microglial progenitors and their entry routes into the brain and discuss the various molecular and non-molecular determinants of their fate, which may inform their specific functions. Specifically, we explore recently identified mechanisms that regulate microglial colonization of the brain, including the availability of space, and describe how the expansion of highly proliferative microglial progenitors facilitates the occupation of the microglial niche. Finally, we shed light on the factors involved in establishing microglial identity in the brain. The developmental colonization of the brain by microglial progenitors and establishment of microglial cell identity set the stage for microglial function in the adult. Barry-Carroll and Gomez-Nicola describe the mechanisms that regulate the development of microglia, including their origins, infiltration and colonization of the brain, proliferation and fate determination.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 6","pages":"414-427"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140642276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attentional capture 注意力捕捉

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00818-w

Isobel Leake

引用次数: 0

The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain 语言网络是人脑大环境中的一个自然种类

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4

Evelina Fedorenko, Anna A. Ivanova, Tamar I. Regev

{"title":"The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain","authors":"Evelina Fedorenko, Anna A. Ivanova, Tamar I. Regev","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4","url":null,"abstract":"Language behaviour is complex, but neuroscientific evidence disentangles it into distinct components supported by dedicated brain areas or networks. In this Review, we describe the ‘core’ language network, which includes left-hemisphere frontal and temporal areas, and show that it is strongly interconnected, independent of input and output modalities, causally important for language and language-selective. We discuss evidence that this language network plausibly stores language knowledge and supports core linguistic computations related to accessing words and constructions from memory and combining them to interpret (decode) or generate (encode) linguistic messages. We emphasize that the language network works closely with, but is distinct from, both lower-level — perceptual and motor — mechanisms and higher-level systems of knowledge and reasoning. The perceptual and motor mechanisms process linguistic signals, but, in contrast to the language network, are sensitive only to these signals’ surface properties, not their meanings; the systems of knowledge and reasoning (such as the system that supports social reasoning) are sometimes engaged during language use but are not language-selective. This Review lays a foundation both for in-depth investigations of these different components of the language processing pipeline and for probing inter-component interactions. Many brain areas support complex language processing behaviours. In this Review, Fedorenko et al. disentangle the ‘core’ language system as functionally distinct from the perceptual and motor brain areas and knowledge and reasoning systems it closely interacts with during language comprehension and production.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 5","pages":"289-312"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease 帕金森病的关键基因和趋同致病机制

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00812-2

Robert Coukos, Dimitri Krainc

{"title":"Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease","authors":"Robert Coukos, Dimitri Krainc","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00812-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00812-2","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the preferential dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The onset and progression of PD is influenced by a diversity of genetic variants, many of which lack functional characterization. To identify the most high-yield targets for therapeutic intervention, it is important to consider the core cellular compartments and functional pathways upon which the varied forms of pathogenic dysfunction may converge. Here, we review several key PD-linked proteins and pathways, focusing on the mechanisms of their potential convergence in disease pathogenesis. These dysfunctions primarily localize to a subset of subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, lysosomes and synapses. We discuss how these pathogenic mechanisms that originate in different cellular compartments may coordinately lead to cellular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD. Parkinson disease (PD) has been linked to dysfunction in a number of key intracellular signalling pathways that contribute to disease pathology. Coukos and Krainc describe the physiological functions of a selection of PD-linked proteins and their convergent effects on mitochondrial, lysosomal and synaptic dysfunction in PD.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 6","pages":"393-413"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0