Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

Stem cell-mediated recovery in stroke: partnering with the immune system 干细胞介导的中风恢复：与免疫系统合作

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00985-4

Nadia McMillan, Alexandra McMillan, Pien Kiliaan, Taha Yahya, Roshni Thakkar, Howard Weiner, Stelios Smirnakis, Dileep Yavagal, Saef Izzy

{"title":"Stem cell-mediated recovery in stroke: partnering with the immune system","authors":"Nadia McMillan, Alexandra McMillan, Pien Kiliaan, Taha Yahya, Roshni Thakkar, Howard Weiner, Stelios Smirnakis, Dileep Yavagal, Saef Izzy","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00985-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00985-4","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke remains a leading cause of disability owing to the irreversible neuronal loss that it causes and the limited regenerative capacity of the CNS. Although reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy can restore blood flow after stroke, their stringent eligibility criteria leave many patients without treatment options. The immune response, involving complex interactions between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells, has a critical role in stroke recovery. Stem cell-based therapies, particularly those involving neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, may be able to reshape the inflammatory microenvironment after stroke, mitigating secondary injury and promoting tissue repair. However, the precise mechanisms driving their effects remain incompletely understood, hindering clinical translation. In this Review, we highlight the bidirectional crosstalk between stem cells and immune cells (including microglia, T cells and peripheral immune cells) and discuss how these interactions influence neuroinflammation, neural plasticity and circuit remodelling in stroke recovery. We examine key determinants of stem cell therapy efficacy, emphasizing the role of stem cell–immune cell interactions, and discuss targeted strategies to enhance immune modulation and neuroprotection. In this Review, Saef Izzy and colleagues examine the therapeutic potential of stem cells in stroke, with a focus on neural and mesenchymal stem cells. They explore how these stem cells interact with brain immune cells to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment, restore blood–brain barrier integrity and promote tissue repair following a stroke.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmed axon degeneration: mechanism, inhibition and therapeutic potential 程序性轴突变性：机制、抑制和治疗潜力

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00986-3

Andrea Loreto, Lukas J. Neukomm

{"title":"Programmed axon degeneration: mechanism, inhibition and therapeutic potential","authors":"Andrea Loreto, Lukas J. Neukomm","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00986-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00986-3","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed axon degeneration (PAxD) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in the nervous system that is activated by axonal injury (axotomy) to execute the self-destruction of a severed distal axon. It can also be triggered by non-axotomy insults, resulting in the loss of axons connected to their cell bodies. PAxD is therefore a promising target for therapeutic intervention and drugs that inhibit it are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this Review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of PAxD, focusing on its regulation by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism and how it dictates Ca2+-mediated axonal demise. We examine its involvement in human disease and its potential as a therapeutic target by dissecting its role in various non-axotomy disease models. Finally, we address key challenges for its clinical translation, including the need for relevant biomarkers and safety considerations. Further advancements in understanding PAxD will pave the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting human axonopathies. Programmed axon degeneration (PAxD) is activated by axotomy to execute the self-destruction of a severed distal axon. It may also be activated by some non-axotomy insults, suggesting it has a role in some neurodegenerative diseases. Here, Loreto and Neukomm review the molecular mechanisms of PAxD, its involvement in disease and its potential as a therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"44-60"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time, space, memory and brain–body rhythms 时间，空间，记忆和脑-体节律

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00987-2

György Buzsáki

{"title":"Time, space, memory and brain–body rhythms","authors":"György Buzsáki","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00987-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00987-2","url":null,"abstract":"Time and space are crucial concepts in neuroscience, because our personal memories are tied to specific events that occur ‘in’ a particular space and on a ‘timeline’. Thus, we seek to understand how the brain constructs time and space and how these are related to episodic memory. Place cells and time cells have been identified in the brain and have been proposed to ‘represent’ space and time via single-neuron or population coding, thus acting as hypothetical coordinates within a Newtonian framework of space and time. However, there is a fundamental tension between the linear and unidirectional flow of physical time and the variable nature of experienced time. Moreover, modern physics no longer views space as a fixed container and time as something in which events occur. Here, I articulate an alternative view: that time (physical and experienced) is an abstracted relational measure of change. Physical time is measured using arbitrary units and artificial clocks, whereas experienced time is linked to a hierarchy of brain–body rhythms that provide a range of reference scales that reflect the full span of experienced time. Changes in body and brain circuits, tied to these rhythms, may be the source of our subjective feeling of time. Understanding how the brain represents experienced time and how representations of space and time are integrated to form episodic memories has been a goal of much neuroscientific research. In this Perspective, Buzsáki discusses classical and contemporary ideas about time perception and proposes that a hierarchy of brain–body rhythms contributes to our subjective experience of time.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 1","pages":"61-78"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Magic’ mechanisms underlie psilocybin’s effects in chronic pain 裸盖菇素治疗慢性疼痛的神奇机制。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00999-y

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

Integrated recall arousal 综合回忆唤起

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01002-4

Jake Rogers

引用次数: 0

Dock, prime, deliver while shrinking — and repeat 停靠，启动，收缩时交付，然后重复

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00995-2

Sian Lewis

引用次数: 0

Recording single neurons at scale in the primate brain 大规模记录灵长类动物大脑中的单个神经元。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00991-6

Frank F. Lanfranchi

引用次数: 0

Affective tactile comfort: is a specialized sensory system involved? 情感触觉舒适：是否涉及一个特殊的感觉系统？

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00993-4

Takayuki Yamashita

引用次数: 0

A neural compass for real-world navigation 用于现实世界导航的神经罗盘。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00994-3

Katherine Whalley

引用次数: 0

Climate change matters to neuroscience 气候变化对神经科学很重要

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00990-7

Sanjay M. Sisodiya

引用次数: 0