Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Response sub-additivity and variability quenching in visual cortex 视觉皮层中的反应次累加性和变异性淬火

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00795-0

Robbe L. T. Goris, Ruben Coen-Cagli, Kenneth D. Miller, Nicholas J. Priebe, Máté Lengyel

{"title":"Response sub-additivity and variability quenching in visual cortex","authors":"Robbe L. T. Goris, Ruben Coen-Cagli, Kenneth D. Miller, Nicholas J. Priebe, Máté Lengyel","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00795-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00795-0","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-additivity and variability are ubiquitous response motifs in the primary visual cortex (V1). Response sub-additivity enables the construction of useful interpretations of the visual environment, whereas response variability indicates the factors that limit the precision with which the brain can do this. There is increasing evidence that experimental manipulations that elicit response sub-additivity often also quench response variability. Here, we provide an overview of these phenomena and suggest that they may have common origins. We discuss empirical findings and recent model-based insights into the functional operations, computational objectives and circuit mechanisms underlying V1 activity. These different modelling approaches all predict that response sub-additivity and variability quenching often co-occur. The phenomenology of these two response motifs, as well as many of the insights obtained about them in V1, generalize to other cortical areas. Thus, the connection between response sub-additivity and variability quenching may be a canonical motif across the cortex. Sub-additive responses to simultaneously presented stimuli and quenching of variability in responses to repeated presentations of a stimulus are characteristics of neurons in the primary visual cortex. In this Perspective, Goris et al. argue that these phenomena often co-occur and may have common mechanistic and computational origins.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"237-252"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Curiosity: primate neural circuits for novelty and information seeking 作者更正：好奇心：灵长类动物寻求新奇和信息的神经回路。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00800-6

Ilya E. Monosov

引用次数: 0

The human hippocampus beyond episodic memory 人类海马体超越了外显记忆。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00798-x

Valeria Della-Maggiore

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Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands 长期体温调节适应低温和新陈代谢需求的神经回路。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8

Clarissa M. D. Mota, Christopher J. Madden

{"title":"Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands","authors":"Clarissa M. D. Mota, Christopher J. Madden","doi":"10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian brain controls heat generation and heat loss mechanisms that regulate body temperature and energy metabolism. Thermoeffectors include brown adipose tissue, cutaneous blood flow and skeletal muscle, and metabolic energy sources include white adipose tissue. Neural and metabolic pathways modulating the activity and functional plasticity of these mechanisms contribute not only to the optimization of function during acute challenges, such as ambient temperature changes, infection and stress, but also to longitudinal adaptations to environmental and internal changes. Exposure of humans to repeated and seasonal cold ambient conditions leads to adaptations in thermoeffectors such as habituation of cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering. In animals that undergo hibernation and torpor, neurally regulated metabolic and thermoregulatory adaptations enable survival during periods of significant reduction in metabolic rate. In addition, changes in diet can activate accessory neural pathways that alter thermoeffector activity. This knowledge may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, including treatments for obesity and improved means of therapeutic hypothermia. Exposure to acute and long-term exposure to cold temperatures results in the activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms that are under CNS control. In this Review, Mota and Madden discuss long-term physiological adaptations to cold exposure, with an emphasis on the specific states of hibernation, torpor and obesity.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 3","pages":"143-158"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms 光对认知的影响：ipRGC 电路机制的启示

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5

Heather L. Mahoney, Tiffany M. Schmidt

{"title":"The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms","authors":"Heather L. Mahoney, Tiffany M. Schmidt","doi":"10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ever-present in our environments, light entrains circadian rhythms over long timescales, influencing daily activity patterns, health and performance. Increasing evidence indicates that light also acts independently of the circadian system to directly impact physiology and behaviour, including cognition. Exposure to light stimulates brain areas involved in cognition and appears to improve a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the extent of these effects and their mechanisms are unknown. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged as the primary conduit through which light impacts non-image-forming behaviours and are a prime candidate for mediating the direct effects of light on cognition. Here, we review the current state of understanding of these effects in humans and mice, and the tools available to uncover circuit-level and photoreceptor-specific mechanisms. We also address current barriers to progress in this area. Current and future efforts to unravel the circuits through which light influences cognitive functions may inform the tailoring of lighting landscapes to optimize health and cognitive function. A direct influence of light exposure on cognition and behaviour, beyond that associated with circadian rhythms, has been reported. Mahoney and Schmidt consider the evidence for light’s effects on aspects of cognitive neurobehavioural performance, summarize current understanding of the underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms and point to future directions for this field of research.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 3","pages":"159-175"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurons in the hypothalamus counteract ageing in mice 小鼠下丘脑中的神经元能抵御衰老

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00794-1

Joseph Willson

引用次数: 0

Curiosity: primate neural circuits for novelty and information seeking 好奇心：灵长类动物寻求新奇和信息的神经回路。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00784-9

Ilya E. Monosov

{"title":"Curiosity: primate neural circuits for novelty and information seeking","authors":"Ilya E. Monosov","doi":"10.1038/s41583-023-00784-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-023-00784-9","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, neuroscientists have investigated the behavioural, computational and neurobiological mechanisms that support value-based decisions, revealing how humans and animals make choices to obtain rewards. However, many decisions are influenced by factors other than the value of physical rewards or second-order reinforcers (such as money). For instance, animals (including humans) frequently explore novel objects that have no intrinsic value solely because they are novel and they exhibit the desire to gain information to reduce their uncertainties about the future, even if this information cannot lead to reward or assist them in accomplishing upcoming tasks. In this Review, I discuss how circuits in the primate brain responsible for detecting, predicting and assessing novelty and uncertainty regulate behaviour and give rise to these behavioural components of curiosity. I also briefly discuss how curiosity-related behaviours arise during postnatal development and point out some important reasons for the persistence of curiosity across generations. Animals frequently engage in curiosity-related behaviours that appear to provide them with no immediate benefits. Monosov discusses the neural circuits in the primate brain that are involved in these non-instrumental information-seeking behaviours, focusing on those that mediate the exploration of novel objects and the pursuit of information to reduce future uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 3","pages":"195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal-directed learning in adolescence: neurocognitive development and contextual influences 青春期的目标导向学习：神经认知发展和环境影响。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00783-w

Linda Wilbrecht, Juliet Y. Davidow

{"title":"Goal-directed learning in adolescence: neurocognitive development and contextual influences","authors":"Linda Wilbrecht, Juliet Y. Davidow","doi":"10.1038/s41583-023-00783-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-023-00783-w","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a time during which we transition to independence, explore new activities and begin pursuit of major life goals. Goal-directed learning, in which we learn to perform actions that enable us to obtain desired outcomes, is central to many of these processes. Currently, our understanding of goal-directed learning in adolescence is itself in a state of transition, with the scientific community grappling with inconsistent results. When we examine metrics of goal-directed learning through the second decade of life, we find that many studies agree there are steady gains in performance in the teenage years, but others report that adolescent goal-directed learning is already adult-like, and some find adolescents can outperform adults. To explain the current variability in results, sophisticated experimental designs are being applied to test learning in different contexts. There is also increasing recognition that individuals of different ages and in different states will draw on different neurocognitive systems to support goal-directed learning. Through adoption of more nuanced approaches, we can be better prepared to recognize and harness adolescent strengths and to decipher the purpose (or goals) of adolescence itself. During adolescence, we acquire skills and behavioural patterns that support our future survival through goal-directed learning. Wilbrecht and Davidow describe the neural and cognitive systems that support goal-directed learning in adolescence, as well as our growing understanding of the influence of context on this process.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 3","pages":"176-194"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tightening synaptic relations 加强突触关系

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00793-2

Lisa Heinke

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Causation in neuroscience: keeping mechanism meaningful 神经科学中的因果关系：保持机制的意义。

IF 34.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00778-7

Lauren N. Ross, Dani S. Bassett

{"title":"Causation in neuroscience: keeping mechanism meaningful","authors":"Lauren N. Ross, Dani S. Bassett","doi":"10.1038/s41583-023-00778-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-023-00778-7","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental goal of research in neuroscience is to uncover the causal structure of the brain. This focus on causation makes sense, because causal information can provide explanations of brain function and identify reliable targets with which to understand cognitive function and prevent or change neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders. In this research, one of the most frequently used causal concepts is ‘mechanism’ — this is seen in the literature and language of the field, in grant and funding inquiries that specify what research is supported, and in journal guidelines on which contributions are considered for publication. In these contexts, mechanisms are commonly tied to expressions of the main aims of the field and cited as the ‘fundamental’, ‘foundational’ and/or ‘basic’ unit for understanding the brain. Despite its common usage and perceived importance, mechanism is used in different ways that are rarely distinguished. Given that this concept is defined in different ways throughout the field — and that there is often no clarification of which definition is intended — there remains a marked ambiguity about the fundamental goals, orientation and principles of the field. Here we provide an overview of causation and mechanism from the perspectives of neuroscience and philosophy of science, in order to address these challenges. ‘Mechanism’ is a frequently used causal concept in neuroscience but can have different meanings that are often not specified. In this Review, Ross and Bassett explore these different meanings and the challenges associated with the variable usage of this term before discussing how these challenges may be met.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":34.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0