Nature Reviews Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

Learning in the overparametrized brain 在过度参数化的大脑中学习

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01010-4

N. Alex Cayco-Gajic

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How distributed is the brain-wide network that is recruited for cognition? 用于认知的全脑网络分布如何？

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00992-5

Matthew C. Rosen, David J. Freedman

{"title":"How distributed is the brain-wide network that is recruited for cognition?","authors":"Matthew C. Rosen, David J. Freedman","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00992-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00992-5","url":null,"abstract":"Half a century of neurophysiological recordings from single electrodes established a ‘localized’ viewpoint on function in the brain — that complex behaviour results from computations that are carried out and representations that occur across distinct brain areas, each of which has a specialized role. Data generated from new techniques for specific, high-throughput measurement of neuronal activity and behaviour in rodents have prompted an alternative viewpoint, which posits that neural encoding of behavioural variables is distributed across a wide range of areas: ‘everything, everywhere, all at once’. After briefly introducing these paradigms, we evaluate which of them better describes cognition — the manipulation of internal variables that enables flexible behaviour. Measurements of neuronal activity in both rodents and primates suggest that cognitive variables are reflected broadly but not ubiquitously across the brain, including, to a surprising degree, in regions engaged in controlling movement. We close by discussing why cognitive signals may appear in such areas, as well as the factors that affect the breadth of the brain-wide network that is recruited for cognition. Both localized and distributed views on the functional organization of the brain have been put forward. In this Perspective, Rosen and Freedman examine the degree to which these two views account for abstract cognition.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 2","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Tiny recurrent neural networks for discovering cognitive strategies 用于发现认知策略的微小循环神经网络。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01007-z

Li Ji-An

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Joint modelling of brain and behaviour dynamics with artificial intelligence 用人工智能联合建模大脑和行为动力学。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00996-1

Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis, Alexander Mathis

{"title":"Joint modelling of brain and behaviour dynamics with artificial intelligence","authors":"Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis, Alexander Mathis","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00996-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00996-1","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has created tremendous advances for many scientific and engineering applications. In this Review, we synthesize recent advances in joint brain–behaviour modelling of neural and behavioural data, with a focus on methodological innovations, scientific and technical motivations, and key areas for future innovation. We discuss how these tools reveal the shared structure between the brain and behaviour and how they can be used for both science and engineering aims. We highlight how three broad classes with differing aims — discriminative, generative and contrastive — are shaping joint modelling approaches. We also discuss recent advances in behavioural analysis approaches, including pose estimation, hierarchical behaviour analysis and multimodal-language models, which could influence the next generation of joint models. Finally, we argue that considering not only the performance of models but also their trustworthiness and interpretability metrics can help to advance the development of joint modelling approaches. Artificial intelligence is rapidly advancing our mechanistic understanding of the shared structure between the brain and higher-order behaviours. In this Review, Mathis and Mathis synthesize state-of-the-art methods in joint modelling of neural activity and behaviour, emphasizing both the technical innovations and the conceptual frameworks driving progress in this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 2","pages":"87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Top-down and bottom-up neuroscience as collections of practices 自上而下和自下而上的神经科学作为实践的集合。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01004-2

Sander van Bree, David Poeppel

引用次数: 0

Reply to ‘Top-down and bottom-up neuroscience as collections of practices’ 回复“自上而下和自下而上的神经科学作为实践的集合”。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01006-0

Andrea I. Luppi, Fernando E. Rosas

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Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease 阿尔茨海默病的免疫功能障碍

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00997-0

Oleg Butovsky, Neta Rosenzweig, Kilian L. Kleemann, Mehdi Jorfi, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Howard L. Weiner

{"title":"Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease","authors":"Oleg Butovsky, Neta Rosenzweig, Kilian L. Kleemann, Mehdi Jorfi, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Howard L. Weiner","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00997-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00997-0","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in maintaining brain homeostasis and their influence on the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous AD risk variants in genes expressed by immune cells, implicating innate and adaptive immune pathways in disease progression. Advances in neuroimmunology have revealed that immune cell crosstalk involving T cells, B cells, monocytes and/or macrophages and neutrophils can modulate the hallmark features of AD, including amyloid plaque accumulation, tau pathology and chronic neuroinflammation. Mechanistic insights suggest that chronic peripheral inflammation, immune exhaustion, metabolic dysfunction and epigenetic reprogramming exacerbate neurodegeneration in AD by promoting toxic inflammation and impairing protein clearance in the brain. These findings may catalyse the development of novel immunomodulatory strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition and cytokine targeting, among others, for AD. This Review examines peripheral immune alterations in AD, evaluates related therapeutic opportunities and highlights key knowledge gaps, particularly the need for human-derived data to advance translational progress. Future research should prioritize personalized approaches that integrate genetic risk, immune profiling and ageing to inform next-generation therapies for AD. The importance of peripheral immunity in Alzheimer disease has gained much traction in recent years, mainly due to multiple genome-wide association studies identifying risk loci associated with genes expressed predominantly in the periphery. This review discusses the importance of peripheral immune cells in shaping brain physiology and their role in Alzheimer disease.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 3","pages":"196-218"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixed selectivity: when neurons stopped looking like specialists 混合选择性：当神经元看起来不再像专家时

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01009-x

Fanny Cazettes

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The on-site, on-demand, neuronal gene machine 现场，按需，神经元基因机器。

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-01005-1

Matthew L. Kraushar

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Towards an informational account of interpersonal coordination 对人际协调的信息描述

IF 26.7 1区医学

Nature Reviews Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00989-0

Edoardo Chidichimo, Andrea I. Luppi, Pedro A. M. Mediano, Victoria Leong, Guillaume Dumas, Andrés Canales-Johnson, Richard A. I. Bethlehem

{"title":"Towards an informational account of interpersonal coordination","authors":"Edoardo Chidichimo, Andrea I. Luppi, Pedro A. M. Mediano, Victoria Leong, Guillaume Dumas, Andrés Canales-Johnson, Richard A. I. Bethlehem","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00989-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00989-0","url":null,"abstract":"Human sociality is grounded in the dynamic coordination of individuals as they interact with one another. Indeed, various levels of interpersonal coordination — neural, behavioural, physiological, affective, linguistic — are hallmarks of successful social communication and cooperation. However, describing these complex, interdependent dynamics has been limited by current methodological approaches, owing to a restrictive repertoire of tools and the absence of a unified, standardized methodological framework. Here, we identify information theory — the mathematical theory of communication — as a particularly well-suited conceptual framework to address this shortfall, given its appropriate sensitivity to complex dynamics, including potential nonlinearity and higher-order interactions, and its data-driven, model-agnostic foundations. With deep roots in computational, cognitive and systems neuroscience, the formal introduction of information-theoretic quantities and methods into the study of interpersonal coordination is perhaps overdue. In this Perspective, we advance the case for a unified information-theoretic framework for the field while paving the way for a new generation of empirically testable, theoretically grounded research questions. Methodological shortcomings have constrained studies describing the complex dynamics of interpersonal coordination, which is essential to human sociality. In this Perspective, Chidichimo et al. advance the case for the formal introduction of information-theoretic quantities and methods to overcome existing limitations in studies of naturalistic human interactions.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"27 2","pages":"121-137"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0