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Recombinant receptor-binding motif of spike COVID-19 vaccine candidate induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response. 刺突COVID-19候选疫苗的重组受体结合基序诱导SARS-CoV-2中和抗体反应
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-11-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30520
Hossein Samiei-Abianeh, Shahram Nazarian, Emad Kordbacheh, Alireza Felegary
{"title":"Recombinant receptor-binding motif of spike COVID-19 vaccine candidate induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response.","authors":"Hossein Samiei-Abianeh, Shahram Nazarian, Emad Kordbacheh, Alireza Felegary","doi":"10.34172/bi.30520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.30520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates effective therapeutic solutions. The receptor-binding motif (RBM) is a subdomain of the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is critical for facilitating the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the human ACE2 receptor. This study investigates the use of the receptor-binding motif (RBM) domain as an immunogen to produce potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RBM gene was codon-optimized and cloned into the pET17b vector for expression in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) cells, induced with 1 mM IPTG. The recombinant RBM protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. After validating the recombinant RBM by Western blotting with anti-His tag antibodies, BALB/c mice were immunized with 20 µg of the purified RBM protein. Anti-RBM IgG was subsequently purified using protein G resin, and its neutralizing capacity was assessed using the Pishtaz Teb Zaman Neutralization Assay Kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recombinant RBM protein, with a molecular weight of 10 kDa, was expressed as inclusion bodies. the typical yield of purification was 27 mg/L of bacterial culture. The neutralization test demonstrated a concentration of 36 µg/mL of neutralizing antibodies in the immunized serum, preventing the spike protein from binding to ACE2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that anti-RBM antibodies exhibited neutralization effects on SARS-CoV-2. These findings provide evidence for the development of a vaccine candidate through the induction of antibodies against the RBM, necessitating further studies with adjuvants suitable for human use to evaluate its potential for human vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced reno-protective effects of CHIR99021 modified mesenchymal stem cells against rat acute kidney injury model. CHIR99021修饰间充质干细胞对大鼠急性肾损伤模型的增强肾保护作用。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-11-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30600
Rakhshinda Habib, Rabia Farhat, Mohsin Wahid, Jahanara Ainuddin
{"title":"Enhanced reno-protective effects of CHIR99021 modified mesenchymal stem cells against rat acute kidney injury model.","authors":"Rakhshinda Habib, Rabia Farhat, Mohsin Wahid, Jahanara Ainuddin","doi":"10.34172/bi.30600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.30600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord origin (hucMSCs) appear to be an attractive candidate for cell-based therapies. However, their efficacy requires improvement as poor survival and specific homing to the site of injury are the major barriers to their effective implementation in cell therapy. As Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the development and repair of organs, we adopted a preconditioning strategy of stem cells by using CHIR99021 compound (a Wnt pathway agonist) to potentiate hucMSCs beneficial effects and circumvent their therapeutic limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We treated hucMSCs with 5 µM of CHIR99021 and evaluated the expression levels of genes involved in different biological processes through qRT-PCR. Subsequently, we examined the effectiveness of preconditioned cells (CHIR99021-hucMSCs) in a cisplatin-induced rat acute kidney injury model. Amelioration in tissue injury was evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and renal functional assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In treated groups, we observed preserved renal tissue architecture in terms of lesser epithelial cells necrosis (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) and cast formation ( ≤ 0.05). Accelerated proliferation of injured tubular cells (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) and low serum creatinine values (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) were observed in preconditioned hucMSCs group compared to untreated AKI rats. In addition, administration of preconditioned hucMSCs in kidney injury model offered better restoration of tubular cell membrane β-catenin molecules. Our findings showed that CHIR99021-modified hucMSCs may exhibit better capacity for cell migration and proliferation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that preconditioning of stem cells with Wnt pathway activators could provide advanced benefits for organ repair, which may contribute to design a more effective therapeutic approach for renal regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances in nanomaterials for precision drug delivery: Insights into pharmacokinetics and toxicity. 精确给药纳米材料的进展:对药代动力学和毒性的见解。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30573
Devika Tripathi, Prashant Pandey, Sakshi Sharma, Awani K Rai, Manjunatha Prabhu B H
{"title":"Advances in nanomaterials for precision drug delivery: Insights into pharmacokinetics and toxicity.","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Prashant Pandey, Sakshi Sharma, Awani K Rai, Manjunatha Prabhu B H","doi":"10.34172/bi.30573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.30573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By integrating the cutting-edge principles of nanotechnology with medical science, nanomedicine offers unprecedented opportunities to develop advanced drug delivery systems that surpass the limitations of conventional therapies. These nanoscale systems are designed to enhance treatments' efficacy, specificity, and safety by optimizing pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, ensuring that therapeutic agents reach their intended targets with minimal side effects. The article provides an in-depth analysis of nanomaterials' pivotal role in overcoming challenges related to drug delivery, including the ability to bypass biological barriers, improve bioavailability, and achieve controlled release of drugs. Despite these promising advancements, the transition of nanomedicine from research to clinical practice faces significant hurdles. The review highlights key obstacles such as patient heterogeneity, physiological variability, and the complex ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) profiles of nanocarriers, which complicate treatment predictability and effectiveness. Moreover, the article addresses the issues of limited tissue penetration, variable patient responses, and the need for standardized protocols in nanomaterial characterization, all of which hinder the widespread clinical adoption of nanomedicine. Nevertheless, the potential of nanomedicine in revolutionizing personalized cancer therapy remains immense. The article advocates for increased translational research and international collaboration to overcome these challenges, paving the way for fully realizing nanomedicine's capabilities in precision oncology and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smart IoT-driven biosensors for EEG-based driving fatigue detection: A CNN-XGBoost model enhancing healthcare quality. 智能物联网驱动的生物传感器用于基于脑电图的驾驶疲劳检测:CNN-XGBoost模型提高医疗质量
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30586
Khosro Rezaee, Asmar Nazerian, Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh, Hani Attar, Mohamadreza Khosravi, Mohammad Kanan
{"title":"Smart IoT-driven biosensors for EEG-based driving fatigue detection: A CNN-XGBoost model enhancing healthcare quality.","authors":"Khosro Rezaee, Asmar Nazerian, Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh, Hani Attar, Mohamadreza Khosravi, Mohammad Kanan","doi":"10.34172/bi.30586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.30586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drowsy driving is a significant contributor to accidents, accounting for 35 to 45% of all crashes. Implementation of an internet of things (IoT) system capable of alerting fatigued drivers has the potential to substantially reduce road fatalities and associated issues. Often referred to as the internet of medical things (IoMT), this system leverages a combination of biosensors, actuators, detectors, cloud-based and edge computing, machine intelligence, and communication networks to deliver reliable performance and enhance quality of life in smart societies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals offer potential insights into fatigue detection. However, accurately identifying fatigue from brain signals is challenging due to inter-individual EEG variability and the difficulty of collecting sufficient data during periods of exhaustion. To address these challenges, a novel evolutionary optimization method combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and XGBoost, termed CNN-XGBoost Evolutionary Learning, was proposed to improve fatigue identification accuracy. The research explored various subbands of decomposed EEG data and introduced an innovative approach of transforming EEG recordings into RGB scalograms. These scalogram images were processed using a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (2DCNN) to extract essential features, which were subsequently fed into a dense layer for training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting model achieved a noteworthy accuracy of 99.80% on a substantial driver fatigue dataset, surpassing existing methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By integrating this approach into an IoT framework, researchers effectively addressed previous challenges and established an artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) infrastructure for critical driving conditions. This IoT-based system optimizes data processing, reduces computational complexity, and enhances overall system performance, enabling accurate and timely detection of fatigue in extreme driving environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Platelet-derived microparticles enhance Ara-C-induced cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Nalm-6). 血小板衍生微粒增强急性淋巴细胞白血病中ara - c诱导的细胞死亡(Nalm-6)。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30454
Fariba Nikravesh, Hossein Arezoomand, Roohollah H Mirzaee Khalilabadi, Maryam Nooshadokht, Hajar Mardani Valandani
{"title":"Platelet-derived microparticles enhance Ara-C-induced cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Nalm-6).","authors":"Fariba Nikravesh, Hossein Arezoomand, Roohollah H Mirzaee Khalilabadi, Maryam Nooshadokht, Hajar Mardani Valandani","doi":"10.34172/bi.30454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.30454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The current understanding highlights the intricate relationship between leukemic cells and their microenvironment, emphasizing the significant impact of environmental factors on chemotherapy resistance or sensitivity. Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication, significantly contributing to the complex dynamics of cancer pathology and treatment outcomes. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of PMP, Ara-C, and their combinations on cancer cells, as well as their influence on the expression of critical genes like <i>Bax, Bcl-2, P21,</i> and <i>h-TERT</i> in the context of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cell line (Nalm-6).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PMPs were isolated through centrifugation at varying speeds, and their concentration was determined using the BCA assay. The size and immunophenotypic characteristics of PMPs were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and flow cytometry. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of PMP, Ara-C, and their combinations on Nalm-6 cells were assessed using the MTT assay, the trypan blue exclusion assay, and flow cytometry. Gene expression levels were analyzed using real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to our research findings, PMPs did not independently impact the viability and apoptosis of Nalm-6 cells; however, they synergistically augmented Ara-C's suppressive impact on viability and apoptosis. The MTT assay showed that both PMPs and Ara-C, whether administered alone or in combination, had a cytotoxic effect on the Nalm-6 cells. Furthermore, the combined treatment significantly affected the expression of <i>Bax, Bcl-2, P21,</i> and <i>h-TERT</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that PMPs have the potential to improve the effectiveness of Ara-C chemotherapy in treating ALL. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between PMP and chemotherapy agents, offering potential insights for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in ALL.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite scaffold containing zinc-doped mesoporous bioglass: Evaluation of the antioxidant properties, hemocompatibility and proliferation of apical papilla stem cells. 含锌介孔生物玻璃纳米复合支架的制备与表征:抗氧化性能、血液相容性和根尖乳头干细胞增殖的评价。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-10-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30300
Morteza Jalilvand, Elham Khoshbin, Zahra Barabadi, Hamed Karkehabadi, Esmaeel Sharifi
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite scaffold containing zinc-doped mesoporous bioglass: Evaluation of the antioxidant properties, hemocompatibility and proliferation of apical papilla stem cells.","authors":"Morteza Jalilvand, Elham Khoshbin, Zahra Barabadi, Hamed Karkehabadi, Esmaeel Sharifi","doi":"10.34172/bi.30300","DOIUrl":"10.34172/bi.30300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nanocomposite scaffolds comprising mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) were able to increase the viability, proliferation, and growth of stem cells in vitro, rendering them promising candidates for dental root tissue regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Sol-Gel process was utilized for the synthesis of MBG and zinc-doped MBG (Zn-MBG), the latter being integrated into alginate/chitosan scaffolds which in turn were cross-linked to strengthen mechanical properties, followed by freeze-drying. The scaffold's physicochemical characterizations were evaluated, followed by investigations of its antioxidant properties, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and porosity. The capacity of these biomaterials to increase cell viability and growth of apical papilla stem cells (SCAPs) and hemocompatibility was assessed as a final step.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All fabricated scaffolds demonstrated proper porosity, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. Nanocomposite scaffolds with Zn-MBG presented a significant enhancement in cell viability for SCAPs compared to alginate/chitosan scaffolds. DPPH tests indicated that the Zn-MBG-alginate/chitosan scaffold showed the highest antioxidant properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zn-MBG-alginate/chitosan nanocomposite scaffolds demonstrated great physicochemical characteristics and biological and mechanical properties, marking them as suitable candidates for dental root tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chondrogenic potential of PMSCs cultured on chondroitin sulfate/gelatin-modified DBM scaffold. 硫酸软骨素/明胶修饰DBM支架培养PMSCs的成软骨潜能。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-10-27 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.30003
Fatemeh Haghwerdi, Ismaeil Haririan, Masoud Soleimani
{"title":"Chondrogenic potential of PMSCs cultured on chondroitin sulfate/gelatin-modified DBM scaffold.","authors":"Fatemeh Haghwerdi, Ismaeil Haririan, Masoud Soleimani","doi":"10.34172/bi.2023.30003","DOIUrl":"10.34172/bi.2023.30003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoarthritis is one of the most common orthopedic diseases that gradually causes wear and damage to the articular Subchondral bone due to the destruction of articular cartilage. One of the basic challenges in cartilage tissue engineering is the choice of scaffold. In the design of the cartilage scaffold, it is useful to consider parameters such as porosity, water absorption, high mechanical resistance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Therefore, in this study, demineralized bone matrix (DBM), which inherently has these characteristics to some extent, was chosen as the basic scaffold.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The gelatin/DBM (G/DBM) and the chondroitin sulfate-gelatin/DBM (GCS/DBM) scaffolds were prepared, respectively, by incorporating gelatin or chondroitin sulfate/gelatin solution inside DBM pores, freeze-drying and crosslinking with EDC/NHS. The physicochemical, biological characteristics and chondrogenic potential of scaffolds were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the SEM results, the size of the DBM pores in the G/DBM and GCS/DBM scaffolds decreased (from almost 100-1500 µm to less than 200 µm), which reduced cell escape compared to the DBM scaffold. Also, crosslinking the scaffolds has greatly increased their compressive E-modulus (more than 8 times). The cytocompatibility and non- toxicity of all scaffolds were confirmed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. The evaluation results of chondrogenic differentiation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) on modified scaffolds, using the real-time PCR method, showed that the presence of CS in the GCS/DBM scaffold improved the expression of chondrogenesis markers such as Aggrecan (AGC) (~4 times) and collagen 2 (COL-2) (~2.2 times) compared to the DBM scaffold. Also, Alcian blue staining and immunohistochemical analyses of the scaffolds showed denser and more coherent GAGs and COL-2 protein synthesis on the GCS/DBM than the G/DBM and DBM scaffolds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results, the GCS/DBM scaffold can be a suitable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drug self-delivery systems: A comprehensive review on small molecule nanodrugs. 药物自释系统:小分子纳米药物研究综述。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-10-27 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30161
Mahsa Sayed Tabatabaei, Fakhredin A Sayed Tabatabaei, Hamid Reza Moghimi
{"title":"Drug self-delivery systems: A comprehensive review on small molecule nanodrugs.","authors":"Mahsa Sayed Tabatabaei, Fakhredin A Sayed Tabatabaei, Hamid Reza Moghimi","doi":"10.34172/bi.30161","DOIUrl":"10.34172/bi.30161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug self-delivery systems are nanostructures composed of a drug as the main structural unit, having the ability of intracellular trafficking with no additional carrier. In these systems, the drug itself undertakes the functional and structural roles; thereby, the ancillary role of excipients and carrier-related limitations are circumvented and therapeutic effect is achieved at a much lower dose. Such advantages -which are mainly but not exclusively beneficial in cancer treatment- have recently led to an upsurge of research on these systems. Subsequently, various terminologies were utilized to describe them, referring to the same concept with different words. However, not all the systems developed based on the self-delivery approach are introduced using one of these keywords. Using a scoping strategy, this review aims to encompass the systems that have been developed as yet -inspired by the concept of self-delivery- and classify them in a coherent taxonomy. Two main groups are introduced based on the type of building blocks: small molecule-based nanomedicines and self-assembling hybrid prodrugs. Due to the diversity, covering the whole gamut of topics is beyond the scope of a single article, and, inevitably, the latter is just briefly introduced here, whereas the features of the former group are meticulously presented. Depending on whether the drug is merely a carrier for itself or carries a second drug as cargo, two classes of small molecule-based nanomedicines are defined (i.e., pure nanodrugs and carrier-mimicking systems, respectively), each having sub-branches. After introducing each branch and giving some examples, possible strategies for designing each particular system are visually displayed. The resultant mind map can create a macro view of the taken path and its prospects, give a profound insight into opportunities, spark new ideas, and facilitate overcoming obstacles. Taken together, one can foresee a brilliant future for self-delivery systems as a pioneering candidate for the next generation of drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An update on technical method of cartilage decellularization: A physical-based protocol. 软骨脱细胞技术方法的更新:基于物理的方案。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-10-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2024.30047
Hengameh Dortaj, Ahmad Vaez, Ashraf Hassanpour-Dehnavie, Ali Akbar Alizadeh
{"title":"An update on technical method of cartilage decellularization: A physical-based protocol.","authors":"Hengameh Dortaj, Ahmad Vaez, Ashraf Hassanpour-Dehnavie, Ali Akbar Alizadeh","doi":"10.34172/bi.2024.30047","DOIUrl":"10.34172/bi.2024.30047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite advances in orthopedic surgery, the lack of effective conventional treatment for cartilage defects has led to research in cartilage tissue engineering. One of the interesting topics is the use of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) as a suitable natural scaffold that supports the growth and function of cells cultured in it. A concern with decellularization protocols, especially those with high detergent concentrations, is the disruption of native ECM, which has deleterious effects on subsequent scaffold recellularization. Therefore, this study focused on optimizing cartilage decellularization by physical methods without the use of ionic detergents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The bovine tracheal cartilage fragments were decellularized by a combination of 8 cycles of freeze-thaw and ultrasound techniques. Then, the tissues were immersed and shaken in 0.25% trypsin for 24 hours. Efficient cell removal and preservation of ECM were confirmed by histological and cytocompatibility assessments. The in-vivo studies were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the scaffold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The histological assessments indicated the appropriate cytocompatibility and the fibroblast cell culture study demonstrated that cells were able to proliferate and migrate on the decellularized cartilage. In-vivo evaluation also showed a reduced adverse immune response, including leukocyte infiltration into the ECM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that a cartilage scaffold created using a physical decellularization protocol that efficiently removes cells while preserving the native ECM can be a suitable scaffold for cartilage reconstruction. The main advantage of this protocol is the absence of potentially toxic chemicals in the tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":48614,"journal":{"name":"Bioimpacts","volume":"15 ","pages":"30047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bibliometric study of BioImpacts using a technological impact approach. 使用技术影响方法对生物影响进行文献计量学研究。
IF 2.2 4区 工程技术
Bioimpacts Pub Date : 2024-10-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.34172/bi.30401
Leila Mirzapour, Fatemeh Sheikhshoaei
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