Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology最新文献

{"title":"A WEIRD Theory? On the Prevalence of Western Folk Theory of Social Change in the West and Asia","authors":"Johannes Klackl, Danielle P. Ochoa, Hongfei Du, E. Jonas, E. Kashima, Getrude C. Ah Gang, Y. Kashima","doi":"10.1177/00220221221104962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221104962","url":null,"abstract":"According to Western folk theory of social change, modernization of societies causes them to become less warm but more competent over time. Since WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) societies are often at the forefront of modernization (with some exceptions, most notably China), these societies may also be most prone to internalizing this folk theory. In this research, we test this idea by making a comparison across a sample group of Western and Asian societies, using a self-report measure of perceived societal warmth and competence: The Social Change Perception Scale (SCPS). We found the scale to be metrically invariant among university students from a set of Western and Asian countries (United States, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, The Philippines, China, and Malaysia). In all seven countries, people expected their society to become more competent over time. In most countries, people also expected their society to become colder over time, although this tendency was slight and insignificant among New Zealanders and Americans. The perceived social cooling tended to be more prevalent in Asian countries rather than in Western countries. The countries’ degrees of WEIRDness, as reflected in their country-level indicators of individualism, education, industrialization, wealth, and democracy, did not adequately account for the observed variation. Though there is still much work to be done in applying the SCPS to broader samples and contexts, this study provides a starting point for measuring and understanding how people experience the social implications of modernization around the world.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"249 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46824643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology, Culture, and Behavior: Role in Societal Development","authors":"J. Berry","doi":"10.1177/00220221221105494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221105494","url":null,"abstract":"The field of cross-cultural psychology studies the development and display of human behavior as it emerges in various ecological and cultural contexts worldwide. I adopt two perspectives on this field: functionalism and universalism. The first perspective considers that individual behaviors are adaptive to these contexts in variable ways that permit success in life; that is, adaptation involves changing societal institutions and behaviors over time to meet the needs and goals of local cultural populations. The second perspective views these behaviors as being rooted in species-wide shared processes and capacities; that is, all human beings possess a set of common underlying potentials for development. From these two perspectives, I see no contradiction between evidence that behaviors are differentially shaped, developed, and expressed in different cultures, and the evidence that there are shared underlying processes on which these developments take place. Culturally sensitive development, when viewed within this conceptual nexus, is not a “one size fits all” approach, but one that is rooted in, and meets, both local and global needs and concerns.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"215 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biographical Information for the Editors and Authors of the Special Section","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00220221221149341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"170 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enculturating the Science of International Development: Beyond the WEIRD Independent Paradigm","authors":"Catherine C. Thomas, H. Markus","doi":"10.1177/00220221221128211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221128211","url":null,"abstract":"Initiatives in international development and behavioral science rely predominantly on the independent models of the self and agency that are prevalent in individualist Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) cultural contexts. Programs that are guided by these independent models, explicitly or implicitly, as the default way of being and that neglect interdependent models can reduce the potential of development initiatives to advance poverty reduction and well-being in two ways. First, programs based solely on independent models of agency—centered on personal goals and values; self-advancement and self-expression; and autonomy—can limit the scope and effectiveness of the development science toolkit. Second, programs that are not responsive to interdependent ways of being—centered on relational goals and values; responsiveness to social norms, roles, and obligations; and social coordination—that are common in many Global South sociocultural contexts can be met with resistance or backlash. We propose that taking account of interdependent psychosocial tendencies is a promising way to diversify the behavioral science toolkit and to build a more comprehensive science of human behavior. Furthermore, culturally responsive program designs have the potential both to promote decolonized, inclusive approaches that preserve rather than override local ways of being and to enable diverse trajectories of societal development to flourish. We integrate experimental and descriptive research from psychology, economics, education, and global health to suggest how models of interdependent agency can be productively integrated into development program designs to advance quality of life in locally resonant ways.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"195 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Cross-Cultural Psychology with Societal Development Studies: An Editorial Introduction to this Special Section","authors":"W. Lonner","doi":"10.1177/00220221221149342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"163 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47040730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development","authors":"Plamen Akaliyski","doi":"10.1177/00220221221143320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221143320","url":null,"abstract":"Western theories of modernization and cultural change suppose that socioeconomic development fosters support for freedom and equality in all societies. Cultural relativism and “Asian Values” thesis challenge such theories of universal human development by arguing that East Asian societies’ cultural legacies predispose them to a distinct pathway of cultural and societal development. This study uses nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study to test whether East Asian and hystorically Protestant Western societies hold six domains of freedom aspirations as strongly as their level of socioeconomic development predicts. Protestant Western nations score consistently high on all freedom aspirations, while East Asia’s scores are higher than predicted for personal autonomy and secular identity but lower for the other four domains: individual freedom, gender equality, political liberalism, and ethnic tolerance. Multidimensional scaling reveals clearly distinguishable Protestant Western and East Asian cultural models. The dimensions these models are depicted by are associated with various salient societal outcomes. East Asia’s emphasis on personal autonomy and secular identity is compatible with good physical and mental health, low crime, competitive economy, and educational achievements. Protestant West’s support for other aspects of freedom is associated with high subjective well-being, demographic sustainability, human rights and rule of law, democratic institutions, and gender equality. Convergence in cultural and societal development may not be expected in the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"173 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44313132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Sexual Violence Among Women of Mexican Heritage Raised in the United States","authors":"Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, L. González, My Nguyen Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/00220221221142867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221142867","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence against women is a significant public health crisis that is understudied among Mexican American communities. Yet, there has been little attention directed to sociocultural factors that shape conceptualizations of and responses to sexual violence among Mexican American women. Guided by an integrative contextual framework, this qualitative study aimed to expand knowledge of how second generation Mexican American women conceptualize, experience, and respond to sexual violence. Semistructured interviews focused on conceptualizations of sexual violence, socialization concerning gender, sex, and sexual violence, experiences, and impact of sexual violence, coping, and help-seeking were conducted with 16 women between 20 and 38 years of age (M = 27.13). The interview data, analyzed using qualitative conventional content analysis, revealed four broad domains: (a) implicit and explicit messages about sexuality and sexual violence, (b) psychological consequences of sexual violence, (c) barriers to disclosing violence and seeking help, and (d) sources of resilience and healing. Findings indicated that conceptualizations of sexual violence and coping were influenced by complex interactions among several sociocultural contexts, including families, religious and ethnic communities, and the mainstream U.S. context.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"385 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary for “Parenting Culture(s): Ideal Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries”","authors":"S. Harkness","doi":"10.1177/00220221221134737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221134737","url":null,"abstract":"Culture is a puzzle. Despite decades of discussion about what “culture” is, the term remains elusive. Within the academic context, culture was long the domain of anthropology, and definitions by anthropologists abound. At the most general level, anthropologists have described culture as the way of life of a people, including both the external, socially constructed environments for living and the internalized rules, expectations and values that guide communication, thinking and behavior. More recently, anthropologists have focused on the inner, cognitive aspects of culture as experienced by individuals: as Robert LeVine puts it, “a shared organization of ideas that includes the intellectual, moral, and aesthetic standards prevalent in a community and the meanings of communicative actions” (LeVine, 1984, p. 67). Roy D’Andrade’s definition of culture extends this focus to the emotions and motivations that accompany cognitions—as he states, culture consists of “learned systems of meaning, communicated by means of natural language and other symbol systems, having representational, directive, and affective functions, and capable of creating cultural entities and particular senses of reality” (D’Andrade, 1984, p. 116). As implied by both these anthropologists, the “culture” of a people is not a random collection of customs, beliefs and values, but rather an organized and meaningful system, even though it may (and probably does) contain internal contradictions. Within this system, parents play a crucial role as mediators and creators of culture for their children (Harkness & Super, 1996). This brings us to a second way that culture is a puzzle: metaphorically, cultures can be seen as multi-dimensional puzzles (as in the table-top games that sometimes occupy families on vacation) consisting of many pieces—some large, some tiny—that together form a meaningful picture. In putting together such a puzzle, one looks for pieces that may fit with the piece already in one’s hand, and from there to larger groupings of pieces. Color as well as shape may provide a clue to how pieces fit together; if this seems too challenging, one can always start from pieces that evidently form the border of the puzzle. As the groups of pieces grow and merge, aspects of the whole picture become increasingly evident. In this paper, the authors present us with one tiny piece of the cultural puzzle of each place they studied, namely parents’ beliefs about characteristics of an “ideal parent.” This one piece of the whole cultural puzzle is diminished even further by the method used to elicit it from individual participants: requiring that responses consist of five (no more, no less) one-word descriptors. The results are intriguing, both for the analytic strategy used and for the interpretations suggested by the authors. This project, and its outcomes, invite us to ask how much","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"25 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49148492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Decolonial Parenting Science Through Centering Majority World Parenting: A Commentary on “Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries”","authors":"Vaishali V. Raval","doi":"10.1177/00220221221134915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221134915","url":null,"abstract":"In “Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries,” Lin et al. examine reports of parents from 37 countries regarding the qualities they consider in an ideal parent and then use a method called Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis to identify broad culture zones across the 37 countries based on shared notions of an ideal parent. I appreciate this substantial effort to explore parenting beyond Euro-American samples, upon which a bulk of parenting science literature is based. I also concur with a data-driven exploratory approach and examination of ideal-parent beliefs across parents with differing educational levels. However, I argue that to advance parenting science, we need more than inclusion of samples from the Majority World (i.e., regions where the majority of the world’s population resides). Future parenting research should be grounded in (a) decolonial epistemology that involves generating localized knowledge by exploring parenting in various communities in the Majority World that are formed through intersecting influences of neighborhood composition, religion, region, social class, urban, rural, and suburban residence, along with other locally relevant social dimensions, (b) decolonial research methodology that values different ways of generating knowledge and includes local communities as partners in the knowledge generation process, and (c) understanding and interpreting parenting in Majority World communities from a cultural resource rather than a deficit framework.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"30 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41375461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of the Moderating Effects of National Culture Values on the Interaction Between Job Insecurity and Employability on Employee Outcomes","authors":"Jason Moy, Angelina Van Dyne, Kate Hattrup","doi":"10.1177/00220221221119720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221119720","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the combined effects of national culture and perceptions of employability on relationships between job insecurity and work and non-work outcomes for individual employees. Data from 28,674 participants in 35 nations were obtained from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Results showed that nation-level differences in individualism/collectivism (I/C), uncertainty avoidance (UA), and masculinity/femininity (M/F) accounted for variation in the degree to which perceptions of employability buffered the negative effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction, work engagement, and subjective well-being. Among more collectivist cultures, employability did less to minimize the effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction than in more individualistic cultures. Employability also had a weaker effect on buffering the consequences of job insecurity for job satisfaction and work engagement when cultural uncertainty avoidance was higher. And across all three outcome measures, higher levels of job insecurity combined with lower perceptions of employability were consistently more detrimental to individuals in more masculine cultures. Results support the prevailing theory regarding the mechanisms underlying the effects of job insecurity on individuals and suggest several important practical implications for managing a global workforce.","PeriodicalId":48354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"114 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46968292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}