Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development

IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Plamen Akaliyski
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Western theories of modernization and cultural change suppose that socioeconomic development fosters support for freedom and equality in all societies. Cultural relativism and “Asian Values” thesis challenge such theories of universal human development by arguing that East Asian societies’ cultural legacies predispose them to a distinct pathway of cultural and societal development. This study uses nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study to test whether East Asian and hystorically Protestant Western societies hold six domains of freedom aspirations as strongly as their level of socioeconomic development predicts. Protestant Western nations score consistently high on all freedom aspirations, while East Asia’s scores are higher than predicted for personal autonomy and secular identity but lower for the other four domains: individual freedom, gender equality, political liberalism, and ethnic tolerance. Multidimensional scaling reveals clearly distinguishable Protestant Western and East Asian cultural models. The dimensions these models are depicted by are associated with various salient societal outcomes. East Asia’s emphasis on personal autonomy and secular identity is compatible with good physical and mental health, low crime, competitive economy, and educational achievements. Protestant West’s support for other aspects of freedom is associated with high subjective well-being, demographic sustainability, human rights and rule of law, democratic institutions, and gender equality. Convergence in cultural and societal development may not be expected in the foreseeable future.
东亚和西方新教的独特自由观,是社会发展的独特路径
西方的现代化和文化变革理论认为,社会经济发展促进了对所有社会自由和平等的支持。文化相对主义和“亚洲价值观”论文挑战了人类普遍发展的理论,认为东亚社会的文化遗产使它们倾向于一条独特的文化和社会发展道路。这项研究使用了来自世界价值观调查和欧洲价值观研究的具有全国代表性的数据,来测试东亚和信奉新教的西方社会是否像其社会经济发展水平预测的那样,拥有六个领域的自由愿望。西方新教国家在所有自由愿望方面的得分一直很高,而东亚在个人自主和世俗身份方面的得分高于预测,但在其他四个领域:个人自由、性别平等、政治自由主义和种族宽容方面的得分较低。多维尺度揭示了明显可区分的新教西方和东亚文化模式。这些模型所描绘的维度与各种显著的社会结果有关。东亚对个人自主性和世俗身份的重视与良好的身心健康、低犯罪率、有竞争力的经济和教育成就相适应。新教西方对自由其他方面的支持与高度的主观幸福感、人口可持续性、人权和法治、民主制度以及性别平等有关。在可预见的未来,文化和社会发展可能不会趋同。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
6.70%
发文量
69
期刊介绍: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology publishes papers that focus on the interrelationships between culture and psychological processes. Submitted manuscripts may report results from either cross-cultural comparative research or results from other types of research concerning the ways in which culture (and related concepts such as ethnicity) affect the thinking and behavior of individuals as well as how individual thought and behavior define and reflect aspects of culture. Review papers and innovative reformulations of cross-cultural theory will also be considered. Studies reporting data from within a single nation should focus on cross-cultural perspective. Empirical studies must be described in sufficient detail to be potentially replicable.
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