Cognitive Science最新文献_第7页

Dual-EEG Reveals Adaptive Bilingual Language Control During Active and Observational Learning: Evidence From a Reinforcement Learning Model. 双脑电图揭示主动学习和观察学习中的自适应双语语言控制：来自强化学习模型的证据。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70223

Fanghui Ge, Yufeng Zhou, Xiyuan Wang, Yingyu Li, John W Schwieter, Huanhuan Liu

{"title":"Dual-EEG Reveals Adaptive Bilingual Language Control During Active and Observational Learning: Evidence From a Reinforcement Learning Model.","authors":"Fanghui Ge, Yufeng Zhou, Xiyuan Wang, Yingyu Li, John W Schwieter, Huanhuan Liu","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70223","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70223","url":null,"abstract":"Language control is a cognitive ability that bilinguals use to suppress interference from the language they are not currently using to accurately select and use the intended language. Adaptive language control underpins language switching and enables bilinguals to flexibly switch between languages according to context. Reinforcement learning, which models how individuals update their strategies based on reward prediction errors, provides a computational framework for studying adaptive behavior in changing environments. To investigate how bilingual language control is shaped by reward signals in social interactions, we used dual-electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the performance of bilinguals who alternated between active and observational learner roles in voluntary language switching tasks. Computational modeling results indicated that the dual-sensitivity model best captured behavior which showed that bilinguals adaptively updated values by assigning distinct weights to feedback from themselves and others. EEG analyses revealed that bilinguals relied on expected values during active learning and on prediction errors during observational learning to modulate delta band activity. Taken together, these findings reveal how rewards dynamically modulate language control through expected values and prediction errors, providing new evidence for the adaptability of bilingual control during social interaction.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 5","pages":"e70223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymmetric Shape Variability Biases Proportion Judgments With Icon Arrays. 不对称形状可变性偏差比例判断与图标数组。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70227

Douglas B Markant

{"title":"Asymmetric Shape Variability Biases Proportion Judgments With Icon Arrays.","authors":"Douglas B Markant","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70227","url":null,"abstract":"Icon arrays are graphical displays in which a subset of shapes are filled to represent the probability of an outcome (e.g., the probability of side-effects from a medical treatment). Prior work has shown that the perceptions of probabilities can be more accurate with icon arrays compared to other formats. As a result, they are now widely used to communicate information about risk and uncertainty to the general public. However, little is known about how the design of icon arrays-in particular, the perceptual characteristics of icons and their spatial arrangement-affect perceptions of risk. The present study builds on research on visual perception which suggests that variation in icon shape may affect their perceived numerosity. Three experiments were conducted using a proportion judgment task with icon arrays that varied in (a) whether icons were organized in grouped or random configurations, and (b) whether there was variability in the icon shapes used to represent the target and nontarget proportions. The results show that proportion judgments are highly accurate for grouped arrays, with no effect of shape variability regardless of the distribution of shapes across the target and nontarget categories. For random spatial arrangements, however, irrelevant shape variability in one (but not both) of the categories leads to biased proportion judgments, increasing the perceived quantity of whichever category has elements with the same shape. These findings show that perceptual variation in shape-while irrelevant to the proportion judgment task-can alter how people perceive quantities depicted by icon arrays, providing new insight into how these visualizations should be designed to communicate information about risk.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 5","pages":"e70227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148018353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ASL Proficiency Predicts Advanced Visual-Spatial Processing Independent of Age of Acquisition. 美国手语熟练程度预测高级视觉空间加工与习得年龄无关。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70216

Melody F Schwenk, Lorna C Quandt

{"title":"ASL Proficiency Predicts Advanced Visual-Spatial Processing Independent of Age of Acquisition.","authors":"Melody F Schwenk, Lorna C Quandt","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70216","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the cognitive effects of American Sign Language (ASL) proficiency in visual-spatial reasoning, challenging interpretations of the traditional critical period hypothesis that early language acquisition primarily predicts cognitive outcomes across domains. We analyzed behavioral tasks in 40 participants with varying levels of ASL fluency and age of acquisition (AoA) using cluster analysis. We assessed participants using the Vandenberg-Kuse Mental Rotation Test (VKMRT), a block design (BD) task, and the ASL Comprehension Test (ASLCT). Our results show that ASL proficiency, not early AoA, best predicts performance on visual-spatial tasks, suggesting that sustained engagement with ASL may be associated with enhanced visual-spatial reasoning. Regression analyses showed that ASLCT scores significantly predicted block design scaled score (b = 0.19, p < .05), while AoA did not contribute significant variance (∆R2 = .007, p > .05). Complementary cluster analyses identified distinct cognitive profiles, confirming that high-performing subgroups were differentiated by proficiency rather than early acquisition. These findings support embodied cognition and experience-dependent neuroplasticity accounts of language-cognition relationships, while remaining consistent with evidence that critical period effects may differentially constrain core language acquisition more than related cognitive domains. We discuss implications for culturally and linguistically appropriate cognitive assessment practices for deaf and hard-of-hearing populations and provide recommendations for future studies.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 5","pages":"e70216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13251880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-30

引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-30

引用次数: 0

Cloze, Frequency, Surprisal, or Plausibility? A Comparative Analysis of Predictors for Local Ambiguity Resolution 完形填空，频率，惊喜还是似是而非？局部歧义解决预测因子的比较分析。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70208

Markéta Ceháková, Jan Chromý

{"title":"Cloze, Frequency, Surprisal, or Plausibility? A Comparative Analysis of Predictors for Local Ambiguity Resolution","authors":"Markéta Ceháková, Jan Chromý","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70208","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of garden-path sentences by examining the influence of verb/structural bias, cloze probability, surprisal, and plausibility. Using self-paced reading with yes/no comprehension questions, we analyzed a structurally diverse set of 11 types of ambiguous and unambiguous sentences. Our results revealed that cloze probability was the most robust predictor of processing difficulty, significantly influencing both reaction times and response accuracy. Specifically, the likelihood of a misanalysis, as indexed by cloze scores, predicted the persistence of incorrect interpretations and reanalysis difficulty. In contrast, verb bias, surprisal, and plausibility exerted weaker or inconsistent effects, with only plausibility showing a limited interaction in the accuracy data. These findings suggest that comprehenders rely heavily on contextual cues when interpreting syntactically ambiguous input, and that reanalysis success depends not solely on structural preferences or lexical predictability but on the overall likelihood of the initial misanalysis and of the intended interpretation.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-29

引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-29

引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-29

引用次数: 0

The Meanings of Synesthetic Metaphors Closely Align With Crossmodal Correspondences 联觉隐喻的意义与跨模式对应关系密切相关。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70209

Mai Mori, Kimi Akita

{"title":"The Meanings of Synesthetic Metaphors Closely Align With Crossmodal Correspondences","authors":"Mai Mori, Kimi Akita","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70209","url":null,"abstract":"Synesthetic metaphors are expressions in which the meaning of a word is transferred from one sense to another (e.g., a bright sound). They have often been discussed in relation to crossmodal correspondences, psychological phenomena where systematic associations are perceived between different senses (e.g., brightness and pitch). However, the relationship between these two phenomena has largely been treated as an assumption, with limited empirical examination. The present study investigated the extent to which synesthetic metaphors and crossmodal correspondences are related to each other. Specifically, through experiments using the semantic differential technique, it examined whether, for example, the sound represented by a sweet sound corresponds to the sound crossmodally associated with a sweet taste. It was found that the meanings of synesthetic metaphors were generally consistent with crossmodal correspondences; however, those of synesthetic metaphors that were acceptable or conventional (e.g., a sour smell) diverged from crossmodal correspondences (e.g., a smell associated with a sour taste). Furthermore, they were found to agree more closely with crossmodal correspondences on emotionally loaded scales, such as bad–good and dirty–clean, than on relatively emotion-neutral scales, such as low-pitched–high-pitched. These findings indicate that the meanings of synesthetic metaphors, which generally align closely with crossmodal correspondences, may diverge from them when conventionalized and suggest that the two phenomena are emotionally mediated.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0