Cognitive Science最新文献

Investigating the Bilingual Aging Lexicon: A Network Analysis of Word Associations in Chinese–English Bilinguals 双语老龄化词汇研究：汉英双语者词联想的网络分析。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70205

Ping Zhang, Xin Wang

{"title":"Investigating the Bilingual Aging Lexicon: A Network Analysis of Word Associations in Chinese–English Bilinguals","authors":"Ping Zhang, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The present study examines the bilingual aging lexicon by comparing word association networks across four age groups of Chinese–English bilingual adults. Adopting network analysis with breadth-first search-based sampling, results showed that in L1 (Chinese) networks, global connectivity increases from early to mid-adulthood, accompanied by reduced local clustering and enhanced global efficiency; the network remains relatively stable through midlife, followed by declining efficiency and progressively pronounced modular structure in late adulthood. The L2 (English) networks mirror L1 developmental trends in early and mid-adulthood but with substantially larger shifts; throughout adulthood, L2 exhibits lower global and local connectivity and weaker modularity compared to L1. These findings reveal distinct developmental trajectories for L1 and L2 semantic networks in bilinguals, underscoring greater structural stability in the dominant language (L1) across adulthood relative to the nondominant language (L2). This L1–L2 asymmetry points to differential impacts of aging on bilingual lexical organization. Results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and enrichment accounts of cognitive aging.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artifacts, Analogy, and Metaphor: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Studying the Evolution of Analogy 人工制品、类比与隐喻：迈向研究类比演化的跨学科框架。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70203

Svetlana Kuleshova, Elizabeth Qing Zhang, Louis De Weyer, Éric Boëda, Michael Pleyer

{"title":"Artifacts, Analogy, and Metaphor: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Studying the Evolution of Analogy","authors":"Svetlana Kuleshova, Elizabeth Qing Zhang, Louis De Weyer, Éric Boëda, Michael Pleyer","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70203","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70203","url":null,"abstract":"Analogy is central to human language and cognition. It has also been proposed to play an important role in language evolution. For these reasons, the evolution of analogy and the cognitive processes supporting it are an important explanatory target for evolutionary accounts of human language. We integrate data from comparative psychology and cognitive archaeology to investigate the evolution of analogy as well as its evolutionary foundations. We present evidence supporting the view that a number of capacities underlying analogy display evolutionary continuity between humans and nonhuman animals. In addition, we propose that analogical capacities can also be inferred from the archaeological record by looking at productional diversity in tool-making. To gain further insight into the evolution of complex human analogical capacities, we investigate comparative and archaeological evidence for one cognitive process intricately linked to complex forms of analogy and the evolution of language, that of metaphor. Overall, we propose an interdisciplinary framework for understanding the evolution of analogy and argue that analogy has deep evolutionary roots, supporting cognitive capacities such as metaphor and language.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synchrony and Task Engagement in Virtual Reality: Temporal Dynamics, Predictors, and Psychological Outcomes of Collaborative Behaviors. 虚拟现实中的同步性和任务参与：协作行为的时间动态、预测因素和心理结果。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70211

Portia Wang, Monique Santoso, Eugy Han, Jeremy N Bailenson

{"title":"Synchrony and Task Engagement in Virtual Reality: Temporal Dynamics, Predictors, and Psychological Outcomes of Collaborative Behaviors.","authors":"Portia Wang, Monique Santoso, Eugy Han, Jeremy N Bailenson","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70211","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative behaviors provide useful signals for understanding how minds align through perception and actions. Virtual reality (VR) is a useful tool for studying these behaviors, as it enables fine-grained measurements of coordination in virtual social settings. In this work, we investigate collaborative behaviors in a large-scale classroom VR dataset of space-building activities (N = 146), focusing on dyadic synchrony and individual task engagement during the collaborative group activity. An analysis of collaborative behaviors over time revealed a U-shaped pattern in head and hand synchrony, with a turning point occurring approximately two-thirds into the activity. We found that the likelihood of dyads temporally aligning their object editing behaviors (i.e., nonzero vs. zero synchrony scores) and whether they actively created, edited, or deleted objects all followed an inverted-U shape over time, peaking around midway through the activity. We further analyzed synchrony and task engagement both as possible indicators of individual dispositions (i.e., previous extended reality [XR] and design experiences) and social context (i.e., group size), and also as behavioral signals for how individuals perceive their group members and collaborative outcomes. The findings revealed that collaborative behaviors such as object edit synchrony are shaped by previous XR experience, group size negatively predicted the frequency of object creation, and that the frequency of object deletion is positively associated with perception of group closeness. Taken together, this work advances the understanding of collaborative behavior by modeling its temporal dynamics, identifying predictors and psychological outcomes, thereby demonstrating how VR enables large-scale examination of its cognitive underpinnings.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"e70211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Connection Between Associative Memory and Semantic Similarity: Evidence From Fan Experiments and Distributional Models. 联想记忆与语义相似度的关系：来自扇形实验和分布模型的证据。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70210

Philine Link, Diego Frassinelli, Leendert van Maanen, Jakub Dotlačil

{"title":"The Connection Between Associative Memory and Semantic Similarity: Evidence From Fan Experiments and Distributional Models.","authors":"Philine Link, Diego Frassinelli, Leendert van Maanen, Jakub Dotlačil","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70210","url":null,"abstract":"Memory retrieval is prone to interference: when multiple concepts in memory match a given retrieval cue, recall becomes slower and less accurate. This has repeatedly been studied in fan effect experiments in which participants learn facts that are combinations of person-location pairs. These experiments manipulate the fan of a concept-the number of facts linked to it-establishing interference. The standard theoretical account invokes spreading activation: when a cue is linked to multiple memory traces, activation spreads across them, reducing the target's retrievability. We study whether this spreading activation is triggered only by explicitly learned associations or also by semantic similarity. We show that spreading activation in the rational analysis of memory is pointwise mutual information and that similarity in at least some vector-space models of meaning approximates the same quantity, which makes such models potentially formal implementations of the rational analysis of memory. In two behavioral experiments using Dutch-language stimuli, we first replicate the classical fan effect. Experiment 2 tests whether this interference effect can be elicited through semantic similarity alone, using pretrained word embeddings to construct semantic fans. We find that items in higher semantic-fan conditions are retrieved more slowly and less accurately, mirroring patterns from Experiment 1. In a simulation, we show that similarity in embedding spaces predicts retrieval difficulty in a manner consistent with rational models of memory. Together, these results formally connect vector-space models of meaning with the rational analysis of memory, and demonstrate that semantic similarity is sufficient to produce associative interference in memory.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"e70210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Event Segmentation in Language and Cognition: Evidence From Dwell Times and Eye Movements. 语言和认知中事件分割的发展：来自停留时间和眼球运动的证据。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70212

Bilge Tınaz, Ercenur Ünal

{"title":"Development of Event Segmentation in Language and Cognition: Evidence From Dwell Times and Eye Movements.","authors":"Bilge Tınaz, Ercenur Ünal","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70212","url":null,"abstract":"To navigate in and communicate about the continuous world we experience, our minds segment this experience into discrete event units. Yet, languages differ in how they package core aspects of events into linguistic units. Here, we ask how event units in language and cognition relate to each other, and how this relation might change during language acquisition. To do so, we focus on motion events and compare child and adult speakers of Turkish-a verb-framed language encoding motion events in multiple linguistic units with distinct units for each path segment. In a linguistic task, there were systematic differences in the number of linguistic units used for expressing motion paths when describing events with versus without direction changes in adults and to a lesser extent in 5-year-olds but not in 4-year-olds. In a non-linguistic eye-tracked dwell-time task, both children and adults had similar visual attention profiles for events with and without direction changes. These findings indicate that although linguistic event units become increasingly language-specific with age, cognitive event units remain stable and independent of linguistic encoding. These findings show that people flexibly shift between different levels of granularity when segmenting events in language and cognition. Further, this flexibility seems to emerge in children as young as 4 to 5 years old.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"e70212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Meanings of Synesthetic Metaphors Closely Align With Crossmodal Correspondences. 联觉隐喻的意义与跨模式对应关系密切相关。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70209

Mai Mori, Kimi Akita

{"title":"The Meanings of Synesthetic Metaphors Closely Align With Crossmodal Correspondences.","authors":"Mai Mori, Kimi Akita","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70209","url":null,"abstract":"Synesthetic metaphors are expressions in which the meaning of a word is transferred from one sense to another (e.g., a bright sound). They have often been discussed in relation to crossmodal correspondences, psychological phenomena where systematic associations are perceived between different senses (e.g., brightness and pitch). However, the relationship between these two phenomena has largely been treated as an assumption, with limited empirical examination. The present study investigated the extent to which synesthetic metaphors and crossmodal correspondences are related to each other. Specifically, through experiments using the semantic differential technique, it examined whether, for example, the sound represented by a sweet sound corresponds to the sound crossmodally associated with a sweet taste. It was found that the meanings of synesthetic metaphors were generally consistent with crossmodal correspondences; however, those of synesthetic metaphors that were acceptable or conventional (e.g., a sour smell) diverged from crossmodal correspondences (e.g., a smell associated with a sour taste). Furthermore, they were found to agree more closely with crossmodal correspondences on emotionally loaded scales, such as bad-good and dirty-clean, than on relatively emotion-neutral scales, such as low-pitched-high-pitched. These findings indicate that the meanings of synesthetic metaphors, which generally align closely with crossmodal correspondences, may diverge from them when conventionalized and suggest that the two phenomena are emotionally mediated.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"e70209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modality Matters: Intact and Enhanced Memory Skills in Children From High-Stress Environments. 形态问题：高压力环境下儿童的完整和增强的记忆技能。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70214

Gabriele Paone, Arran J Davis, Emma Cohen

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Initial Accuracy on the Learning and Retention of Novel Words 初始准确度对新单词学习和记忆的影响。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70201

Allyson Kuznia, Erin Conwell

{"title":"The Effect of Initial Accuracy on the Learning and Retention of Novel Words","authors":"Allyson Kuznia, Erin Conwell","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70201","url":null,"abstract":"During word learning, incorrect guesses about meaning are inevitable, particularly in difficult learning situations. Prior research has shown that optimally difficult tasks improve word learning and retention, but found no item-level effects of first-guess inaccuracy on learning, raising the question of how difficulty and guessing accuracy interact in this process. Effects of first-guess accuracy on retention are unknown. To unpack the effects of task difficulty and first-guess accuracy on word learning and retention, we conducted two cross-situational word-learning (CSWL) studies. In Study 1, 49 English-speaking adults completed a difficult CSWL task with four items presented on each trial. Their word learning was tested immediately following the learning phase and then again 48 h later. Data were analyzed with respect to the accuracy of the first guess of a word's meaning. Participants in this study learned and retained words best when their first guess had been correct. Study 2 simplified learning, presenting three items per trial. Fifty-two English-speaking participants showed high levels of learning and retention, with no significant differences based on first-guess accuracy. Comparing data across these studies revealed effects of both task difficulty and first-guess accuracy on learning, as well as an interaction of these factors, revealing a greater cost to inaccurate first guesses on the more difficult task. Retention of word meanings, however, was associated only with task difficulty. These results have implications for theories of error-driven versus difficulty-driven learning.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to "Assessing Others' Knowledge Through Their Speech Disfluencies and Gestures". 更正“通过说话不流利和手势来评估他人的知识”。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70213

引用次数: 0

Cloze, Frequency, Surprisal, or Plausibility? A Comparative Analysis of Predictors for Local Ambiguity Resolution. 完形填空，频率，惊喜还是似是而非？局部歧义解决预测因子的比较分析。

IF 2.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70208

Markéta Ceháková, Jan Chromý

{"title":"Cloze, Frequency, Surprisal, or Plausibility? A Comparative Analysis of Predictors for Local Ambiguity Resolution.","authors":"Markéta Ceháková, Jan Chromý","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70208","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of garden-path sentences by examining the influence of verb/structural bias, cloze probability, surprisal, and plausibility. Using self-paced reading with yes/no comprehension questions, we analyzed a structurally diverse set of 11 types of ambiguous and unambiguous sentences. Our results revealed that cloze probability was the most robust predictor of processing difficulty, significantly influencing both reaction times and response accuracy. Specifically, the likelihood of a misanalysis, as indexed by cloze scores, predicted the persistence of incorrect interpretations and reanalysis difficulty. In contrast, verb bias, surprisal, and plausibility exerted weaker or inconsistent effects, with only plausibility showing a limited interaction in the accuracy data. These findings suggest that comprehenders rely heavily on contextual cues when interpreting syntactically ambiguous input, and that reanalysis success depends not solely on structural preferences or lexical predictability but on the overall likelihood of the initial misanalysis and of the intended interpretation.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"e70208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0