Cognitive Science最新文献

Examining the Relationship Between Early Experience, Selective Attention, and the Formation of Learning Traps 考察早期经验、选择性注意和学习陷阱形成之间的关系

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70070

Yanjun Liu, Ben R. Newell, Jaimie E. Lee, Brett K. Hayes

{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between Early Experience, Selective Attention, and the Formation of Learning Traps","authors":"Yanjun Liu, Ben R. Newell, Jaimie E. Lee, Brett K. Hayes","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70070","url":null,"abstract":"A simple-rule learning trap occurs when people show suboptimal category learning due to insufficient exploration of the learning environment. By combining experimental methods and computational modeling, the current study investigated the impact of two key factors believed to play essential roles in the development of a simple-rule learning trap: early learning experience and selective attention. Our results showed that, in a learning environment where the true category mapping was determined by conjunctions of two predictive dimensions, the likelihood of falling into a single-dimensional learning trap increased when early learning experience involved a large loss that could be predicted from a single feature dimension. In addition, using a model-based measurement of attention bias, we observed that early experience affected trap formation by narrowing the distribution of attention to exemplar features. These findings provide the first direct empirical evidence of how early learning experience shapes the formation of a simple-rule learning trap, as well as a more granular understanding of the role of selective attention and its interaction with early learning experience in trap formation.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parameterizing Individual Differences in Fraction and Decimal Arithmetic 分数和十进制算术中的参数化个体差异

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70065

David W. Braithwaite, Anna N. Rafferty

{"title":"Parameterizing Individual Differences in Fraction and Decimal Arithmetic","authors":"David W. Braithwaite, Anna N. Rafferty","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70065","url":null,"abstract":"Math problem solving frequently involves choices among alternative strategies. Strategy choices, and effects of problem features on strategy choices, both vary among individuals. We propose that individual differences in strategy choices can be well characterized in terms of parametric variation in three types of influence: global bias, relevant feature effects, and irrelevant feature effects. We test this framework by applying it to children's strategy choices in fraction and decimal arithmetic. We describe a simple mathematical model of strategy choice in this domain that is based on a recent theory of arithmetic development and includes parameters representing the three types of influence above. We estimate these parameters in a sample of 120 fifth to ninth graders and find that all of them vary substantially among children. Further, we find that different parameters relate differently to other domain-specific and domain-general abilities, supporting the utility of distinguishing among the parameters and estimating them separately for individuals. We discuss implications of the results regarding the nature and origins of individual differences in strategy choice in fraction and decimal arithmetic and math more broadly.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Turing Jest: Distributional Semantics and One-Line Jokes 图灵笑话：分布语义和单行笑话

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70066

Sean Trott, Drew E. Walker, Samuel M. Taylor, Seana Coulson

{"title":"Turing Jest: Distributional Semantics and One-Line Jokes","authors":"Sean Trott, Drew E. Walker, Samuel M. Taylor, Seana Coulson","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70066","url":null,"abstract":"Humor is an essential aspect of human experience, yet surprisingly, little is known about how we recognize and understand humorous utterances. Most theories of humor emphasize the role of incongruity detection and resolution (e.g., frame-shifting), as well as cognitive capacities like Theory of Mind and pragmatic reasoning. In multiple preregistered experiments, we ask whether and to what extent exposure to purely linguistic input can account for the human ability to recognize one-line jokes and identify their entailments. We find that GPT-3, a large language model (LLM) trained on only language data, exhibits above-chance performance in tasks designed to test its ability to detect, appreciate, and comprehend jokes. In exploratory work, we also find above-chance performance in humor detection and comprehension in several open-source LLMs, such as Llama-3 and Mixtral. Although all LLMs tested fall short of human performance, both humans and LLMs show a tendency to misclassify nonjokes with surprising endings as jokes. Results suggest that LLMs are remarkably adept at some tasks involving one-line jokes, but reveal key limitations of distributional approaches to meaning.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mark the Unexpected! Animacy Preference and Directed Movement in Visual Language

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70067

Ana Krajinović, Irmak Hacımusaoğlu, Neil Cohn

{"title":"Mark the Unexpected! Animacy Preference and Directed Movement in Visual Language","authors":"Ana Krajinović, Irmak Hacımusaoğlu, Neil Cohn","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70067","url":null,"abstract":"A preference for animate entities over inanimate entities is commonly found in perception and language. In our corpus study based on a cross-cultural set of 331 comics from 81 countries, we asked whether animacy preference plays a role in the morphological marking of motion in the visual language(s) used in comics. We were interested in whether animates or inanimates are more or less marked (i.e., use pictorial cues to signal motion) when compared to each other, similarly to differential marking modulated by animacy in grammars of many languages. We considered the animacy preference as the expectation that animates are moving in a directed way, while inanimates are not. We focused on motion lines (i.e., lines trailing behind a moving object) and circumfixing lines (i.e., lines surrounding a moving object) that indicate motion in comics, which are visual morphological markings that differ in their directedness: Motion lines are directional, while circumfixing lines are not. We found that inanimates are more marked by motion lines than animates in our data, while there is no difference between the two groups regarding circumfixing lines. These results persist across all global regions and styles of comics. Thus, similarly to spoken languages, visual morphology obeys what we call the mark the unexpected! principle, defined in the context of surprisal minimization: Inanimates need to be marked in order to signal that they are moving in a directed way, which is otherwise unexpected and of high surprisal. Animates are comparatively marked less because their directed movements are already expected and of low surprisal. As this principle persists across modalities and their diverse expressive systems, mark the unexpected! is a strong candidate for a cognitive universal.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovering Dynamical Laws for Speech Gestures 发现语音手势的动态规律

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70064

Sam Kirkham

{"title":"Discovering Dynamical Laws for Speech Gestures","authors":"Sam Kirkham","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70064","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental challenge in the cognitive sciences is discovering the dynamics that govern behavior. Take the example of spoken language, which is characterized by a highly variable and complex set of physical movements that map onto the small set of cognitive units that comprise language. What are the fundamental dynamical principles behind the movements that structure speech production? In this study, we discover models in the form of symbolic equations that govern articulatory gestures during speech. A sparse symbolic regression algorithm is used to discover models from kinematic data on the tongue and lips. We explore these candidate models using analytical techniques and numerical simulations and find that a second-order linear model achieves high levels of accuracy, but a nonlinear force is required to properly model articulatory dynamics in approximately one third of cases. This supports the proposal that an autonomous, nonlinear, second-order differential equation is a viable dynamical law for articulatory gestures in speech. We conclude by identifying future opportunities and obstacles in data-driven model discovery and outline prospects for discovering the dynamical principles that govern language, brain, and behavior.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Computational Framework to Study Hierarchical Processing in Visual Narratives 一个研究视觉叙事中层次处理的计算框架

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70050

Aditya Upadhyayula, Neil Cohn

{"title":"A Computational Framework to Study Hierarchical Processing in Visual Narratives","authors":"Aditya Upadhyayula, Neil Cohn","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70050","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of visual narrative comprehension have advocated for a hierarchical grammar-based comprehension mechanism, but only limited work has investigated this hierarchy. Here, we provide a computational framework inspired by computational psycholinguistics to address hierarchy in visual narratives. The predictions generated by this framework were compared against behavior data to draw inferences about the hierarchical properties of visual narratives. A segmentation task—where participants ranked all possible segmental boundaries—demonstrated that participants’ preferences were predicted by visual narrative grammar. Three kinds of models using surprisal theory—an Earley parser, a hidden Markov model (HMM), and an n-gram model—were then used to generate segmentation preferences for the same task. Earley parser's preferences were based on a hierarchical grammar with recursion properties, while the HMM and the n-grams used a flattened grammar for visual narrative comprehension. Given the differences in the mechanics of these models, contrasting their predictions against behavior data could provide crucial insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms of visual narrative comprehension. By investigating grammatical systems outside of language, this research provides new directions to explore the generic makeup of the cognitive structure of mental representations.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Least Effort and Alignment in Task-Oriented Communication 任务导向沟通中的最小努力与一致性

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70062

Polyphony Bruna, Christopher Kello

{"title":"Least Effort and Alignment in Task-Oriented Communication","authors":"Polyphony Bruna, Christopher Kello","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70062","url":null,"abstract":"Conversational partners align the meanings of their words over the course of interaction to coordinate and communicate. One process of alignment is lexical entrainment, whereby partners mirror and abbreviate their word usage to converge on shared terms for referents relevant to the conversation. However, lexical entrainment may result in inefficient mimicry that does not add new information, suggesting that task-oriented communication may favor alignment through other means. The present study investigates the process of alignment in Danish conversations in which dyads learned to categorize unfamiliar “aliens” using trial-and-error feedback. Performance improved as dyad communication became less verbose, measured as a decrease in the entropy of word usage. Word usage also diverged between partners as measured by Jensen−Shannon Divergence, which indicates that alignment was not achieved through lexical entrainment. A computational model of dyadic communication is shown to account for the alien game results in terms of joint least effort. The model shows that alignment of partner referents can increase as a result of minimizing both the joint entropy of dyadic word usage and the conditional entropy of individual referents given the joint signal distribution. We conclude that the principle of least effort, originally proposed to shape language evolution, may also support alignment in task-oriented communication.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to "Cognitive science from the perspective of linguistic diversity" 对 "从语言多样性的角度看认知科学 "的更正

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70063

引用次数: 0

Losing Phonotactic Distinctions in Context 在语境中失去音素分辨能力

IF 2.3 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70059

John R. Starr, Marten van Schijndel

引用次数: 0

Social Network Structure Shapes the Formation of True and False Memories at the Collective Level 社会网络结构在集体层面上塑造了真假记忆的形成

IF 2.3 2区心理学