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A Cross-Cultural Examination of False Beliefs and False Memories in Single Versus Repeated Events 单一与重复事件中错误信念与错误记忆的跨文化检验
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70186
Kelly Grannon, Johanna Ohler, Klara Berndt, Alexa Schincariol, Nurul Arbiyah, Henry Otgaar
{"title":"A Cross-Cultural Examination of False Beliefs and False Memories in Single Versus Repeated Events","authors":"Kelly Grannon,&nbsp;Johanna Ohler,&nbsp;Klara Berndt,&nbsp;Alexa Schincariol,&nbsp;Nurul Arbiyah,&nbsp;Henry Otgaar","doi":"10.1002/acp.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>False memory research has evolved due to legal case implications, particularly, wrongful convictions based on distorted memories. Yet few studies have examined false memories of repeated events, especially outside Western samples. We investigated false memory formation in Western and Eastern (Indonesian) cultures using blind implantation, which misleads participants into believing they confirmed experiencing a fabricated event. Participants (<i>N</i> = 184) reviewed 20 childhood events, including a fabricated one (altercation with torn clothing), indicating if they experienced each once or repeatedly. One week later, they were falsely reminded they had confirmed the event, followed by an imagination task and belief/recollection ratings. False beliefs declined (28.8%–24.5%; <i>n</i> = 53–45), while false memories increased after the imagination task (4.9%–6.5%; <i>n</i> = 9–12). Event frequency had no effect. Westerners were more prone to false beliefs, Indonesians to false memories, highlighting possible cultural influences on memory distortion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Effectiveness of Social Truth Queries to Address Online Misinformation in a Polarized Context 在两极分化的背景下，探索社会真相查询解决在线错误信息的有效性
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70185
Amabel Y. Jeon, Madeline Jalbert
{"title":"Exploring the Effectiveness of Social Truth Queries to Address Online Misinformation in a Polarized Context","authors":"Amabel Y. Jeon,&nbsp;Madeline Jalbert","doi":"10.1002/acp.70185","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social truth queries (STQs)—user replies that draw attention to the truth—have shown promise for reducing misinformation belief, but their effectiveness in polarized contexts remains unexplored. To address this gap, we conducted three experiments using fans of established sports team rivalries to manipulate group identity. Participants judged the truth of social media posts containing misinformation that appeared with or without STQ replies. We investigated whether STQs were effective when posted by in-group or out-group members (Experiment 1), in addressing in-group- or out-group-favorable misinformation (Experiment 2), and across combinations of poster identity and misinformation favorability (Experiment 3). We found that STQs were similarly effective in reducing misinformation belief across STQ source and misinformation favorability, although follow-up analysis revealed more robust effects in addressing out-group (vs. in-group) favorable misinformation. Taken together, our findings suggest that social truth queries are a promising intervention for addressing misinformation in polarized contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Depressive Symptoms and Cognitions of Foreseeability and Inevitability of Personal Events During the Covid-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间抑郁症状与个人事件可预见性和必然性认知
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70175
Larissa Rothfeld, Ute J. Bayen, Marie Luisa Schaper
{"title":"Depressive Symptoms and Cognitions of Foreseeability and Inevitability of Personal Events During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Larissa Rothfeld,&nbsp;Ute J. Bayen,&nbsp;Marie Luisa Schaper","doi":"10.1002/acp.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitions, such as foreseeability (“I didn't see it coming”) and inevitability (“It was bound to happen”) can regulate emotions regarding personal events. In previous research, hypothetical negative past events (i.e., with known outcomes) were rated as more foreseeable and more inevitable with higher levels of depressive symptoms. To investigate whether these findings extend to real-life autobiographical events and to imagined future personal events, we conducted an online survey during the initial wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. We assessed depressive symptoms and foreseeability and inevitability cognitions for pandemic-related events that participants had experienced (i.e., past events) and personal events that participants expected to experience (i.e., future events). For future events, depressive symptoms were associated with both affect-regulatory cognitions in alignment with theories of depression. For past events, there were no associations with depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are Refugees Perceived as Criminals? Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect in the Context of Stereotypes About Refugees 难民被视为罪犯吗？减少难民刻板印象背景下的记忆错误信息效应
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70181
Malwina Szpitalak, Romuald Polczyk
{"title":"Are Refugees Perceived as Criminals? Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect in the Context of Stereotypes About Refugees","authors":"Malwina Szpitalak,&nbsp;Romuald Polczyk","doi":"10.1002/acp.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The memory misinformation effect in the context of stereotypes about refugees from Syria and Ukraine was explored. After watching a film clip, participants were exposed to postevent material implying that the crime was committed by Ukrainians, Syrians, or an unspecified perpetrator. This material also included misleading details about the film clip. In Experiment 1, activating a stereotype of a distant culture (Syrians) resulted in higher vulnerability to misinformation compared to a situation in which no stereotype was activated. In Experiment 2, empathy activation did not reduce the impact of stereotypes about a distant culture on yielding to misinformation. In Experiment 3, providing knowledge about refugees reduced the misinformation effect. In Experiment 4, warning about misinformation reduced yielding to misinformation under certain conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of the misinformation effect in the context of stereotypes about refugees, and regarding the practical implications of the results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147315501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preschool-Level Predictors of Children's Executive Function: Do Preschool-Pedagogy Clusters Make a Difference? 儿童执行功能的学前水平预测因素：学前教育集群有影响吗？
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70155
Chika Ezeugwu, Mary Adedayo, Obed Apochi, Adebunmi Oyekola, Janet Olaseni
{"title":"Preschool-Level Predictors of Children's Executive Function: Do Preschool-Pedagogy Clusters Make a Difference?","authors":"Chika Ezeugwu,&nbsp;Mary Adedayo,&nbsp;Obed Apochi,&nbsp;Adebunmi Oyekola,&nbsp;Janet Olaseni","doi":"10.1002/acp.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While prior studies highlight the importance of structured learning environments in executive function (EF) development, few studies have examined how variations in preschool type and pedagogical approaches shape EF as critical cognitive processes underpinning goal-directed behavior in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigated whether combined preschool-pedagogy clusters (private/play-based vs. public/traditional) predict EF performance among 120 Nigerian preschoolers (<i>M</i> = 5.14, <i>SD</i> = 0.97). Children completed the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, assessing inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the preschool-pedagogy cluster did not significantly predict EF performance. Instead, age independently predicted working memory and composite EF scores, suggesting that developmental maturation may outweigh school-level influences during early childhood. These findings contribute to our understanding of how preschool-level factors relate to EF in young children in LMICs and highlight the need for further research integrating home- and preschool-level factors to better understand contextual influences on children's cognitive development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Speech Disfluencies and Implicit Word Learning: Fluency Shapes Preference, Not Performance 言语不流利与内隐词汇学习：流利塑造偏好，而非表现
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70180
Emma Libersky, Kimberly Crespo, Margarita Kaushanskaya
{"title":"Speech Disfluencies and Implicit Word Learning: Fluency Shapes Preference, Not Performance","authors":"Emma Libersky,&nbsp;Kimberly Crespo,&nbsp;Margarita Kaushanskaya","doi":"10.1002/acp.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disfluencies are common in spontaneous language, and adults use filled pauses to anticipate “difficult” words. At the same time, disfluent instructors receive lower ratings of knowledge and credibility. We focus on the consequences of filled pauses for adults' statistical word learning. In Experiment 1, monolingual adults listened to recordings introducing them to two speakers: one who produced an elevated rate of filled pauses and one who did not. However, both speakers were fluent when producing novel words during learning. In Experiment 2, the speaker introductions were removed, and disfluencies preceded productions of some novel words during learning. Across experiments, participants demonstrated a preference for the fluent speaker and rated the fluent speaker more favorably. Critically, word learning performance was not impacted by fluency. These findings replicate prior work on the consequences of disfluent instruction and suggest that learner attitudes—but not statistical learning mechanisms—are sensitive to speaker fluency cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivated Reasoning at Work: Evaluating and Sharing Belief-Conflicting Information in the Context of Diversity Initiatives 工作中的动机推理：在多样性倡议的背景下评估和分享信念冲突信息
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70178
Lisa D. Lewin
{"title":"Motivated Reasoning at Work: Evaluating and Sharing Belief-Conflicting Information in the Context of Diversity Initiatives","authors":"Lisa D. Lewin","doi":"10.1002/acp.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to cognitive processes such as motivated reasoning and other biases, individuals tend to reach desired conclusions rather than to carefully consider all available evidence. Using a two-part experimental design in the context of hiring for diversity, this preliminary study examined whether employees avoid using or sharing information that conflicts with their beliefs by cognitively devaluing it, rather than simply ignoring it. Results suggest that accountability for decision-making strategies and processes (rather than accountability for outcomes) may reduce bias in evaluating and sharing information that conflicts with beliefs about corporate diversity. These initial findings suggest that the type of accountability implemented in organizations may influence motivated reasoning in information processing and improve decision-making.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reinforced Self-Affirmation Method: Metamemory Monitoring and Control Mechanisms 强化自我肯定法：元记忆监控机制
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70179
Laura Melisa Buitrago Roa, Karlos Luna
{"title":"Reinforced Self-Affirmation Method: Metamemory Monitoring and Control Mechanisms","authors":"Laura Melisa Buitrago Roa,&nbsp;Karlos Luna","doi":"10.1002/acp.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reinforced self-affirmation (RSA) is a method developed to reduce the misinformation effect through boosted self-confidence. The current study aimed to explore the monitoring and control mechanisms of RSA. We hypothesized that RSA may be based on metamemory processes, either during monitoring or control. Eighty participants watched a bank robbery video, half with and half without RSA, and then answered 40 cued recall questions about the video. To test the effect of RSA on monitoring, we requested confidence ratings, and to test the effects on control we gave participants the chance to report or withhold their responses. The results showed that RSA increased resolution during monitoring and that it did not affect control measures. Understanding the mechanisms by which the RSA reduces the misinformation effect, new applications of the technique could be developed in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146680314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Plausibility and Suggested Event Frequency on the Implantation of False Beliefs and Memories 似然性和暗示事件频率对错误信念和记忆植入的影响
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70172
Mara Georgiana Moldoveanu, Ahmad Shahvaroughi, Ivan Manguilli, Javad Hatami, Henry Otgaar
{"title":"The Effect of Plausibility and Suggested Event Frequency on the Implantation of False Beliefs and Memories","authors":"Mara Georgiana Moldoveanu,&nbsp;Ahmad Shahvaroughi,&nbsp;Ivan Manguilli,&nbsp;Javad Hatami,&nbsp;Henry Otgaar","doi":"10.1002/acp.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined how event plausibility and suggested frequency influence the formation of false beliefs and memories using a blind implantation paradigm. Participants (<i>N</i> = 855) rated 20 events (two critical, high vs. low plausible) for experience and frequency. One week later, 103 participants (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 33.7; 62.1% women) who had not reported the critical events received a follow-up survey suggesting they indicated experiencing four true and one false event (once or repeatedly), rating event belief and recollection before and after imagination. The high plausible event elicited higher false beliefs than the low plausible event under suggested single, not repeated experiences, with no statistically significant effect of imagination. False memory ratings did not differ by plausibility or suggested frequency pre-imagination. False beliefs and memories ranged from 9.1% (low plausible repeated) to 52% (high plausible single). These findings emphasize how factors such as suggested frequency differentially shape false belief and memory formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
P300-Based Memory Detection Applied to a Mock Terrorism Scenario Using the Complex Trial Protocol With Multiple Pictorial Stimuli 基于p300的记忆检测应用于多图像刺激的复杂试验方案模拟恐怖主义场景
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70177
Michel Funicelli, Sarah Salphati, Sabina Ungureanu, Jean-Roch Laurence
{"title":"P300-Based Memory Detection Applied to a Mock Terrorism Scenario Using the Complex Trial Protocol With Multiple Pictorial Stimuli","authors":"Michel Funicelli,&nbsp;Sarah Salphati,&nbsp;Sabina Ungureanu,&nbsp;Jean-Roch Laurence","doi":"10.1002/acp.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Complex Trial Protocol (CTP), a P300-based Concealed Information Test (CIT), is an innovative tool that can be used to identify individuals who possess crime-related information. We tested the CTP in a mock terrorism scenario with three different probes. Undergraduate participants (<i>n</i> = 41) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Innocent Control (IC), Simply Guilty (SG), and Guilty Countermeasure (GCM). Individuals in the SG and GCM groups underwent a mock terrorism scenario and were exposed to three pictorial probes: the face of an accomplice, the crime scene, and the mock explosive device. The GCM group performed a memory suppression countermeasure. Based on the AUCs generated, the CTP showed a good to very good predictive ability ranging from 0.63 to 0.94 depending on the probe presented. Attempting to suppress information had the opposite effect of generating slightly higher P300 amplitudes than in SG individuals. Stimuli quality and ecological issues are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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