{"title":"Reaction Time as an Actual and a Perceived Cue to Deception Under Cognitive Load","authors":"Evan Brennan, Keith A. Hutchison","doi":"10.1002/acp.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The predictive validity of reaction time as an actual (objective) and a perceived cue to deception was tested in two experiments differing in question presentation methodology. Participants were video recorded while giving truthful and dishonest verbal responses to autobiographical questions under high and low cognitive load, and coders later viewed the recordings to detect their responses. We hypothesized that lie reaction times (RTs) would be significantly longer than truthful RTs and that longer RTs would be associated with differential lie and truth detection accuracy. We did not make any predictions regarding cognitive load, considering the current literature has produced mixed results. Our hypotheses were supported by the data. Results of our load manipulation differed between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, leaving us questioning its validity. We provide many suggestions for future research regarding experimental methodologies measuring deception and cognitive load.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven C. Pan, Eduardo González-Cabañes, Andy Z. J. Teo, Inez Zung, Faria Sana, James E. Cooke
{"title":"Distributed Practice and Interleaved Practice: Undergraduate Students' Strategies, Experiences, and Beliefs","authors":"Steven C. Pan, Eduardo González-Cabañes, Andy Z. J. Teo, Inez Zung, Faria Sana, James E. Cooke","doi":"10.1002/acp.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Do undergraduate students know and use <i>distributed practice</i>, the strategy of spacing apart learning opportunities over time, and <i>interleaved practice</i>, the strategy of alternating between topics during learning? What beliefs do students hold about how learning should be scheduled, and how are common learning activities—such as using flashcards and completing problem sets—actually scheduled? To explore these questions, we surveyed students at two major universities in North America and Southeast Asia, respectively. We found that distributed practice is unfamiliar to many students, whereas interleaved practice is virtually unknown. Both strategies are often underutilized and perceived with mixed effectiveness. Instructors, meanwhile, reportedly use various scheduling approaches in lectures and assignments. Additionally, distributed practice was associated with better academic performance. These findings, which showed relative consistency across culturally diverse samples, underscore significant gaps in student awareness and adoption of distributed and interleaved practice, highlighting the need to improve their integration into educational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-Reading Between the Lines: A Re-Evaluation of the Pragmatic Implications of Minimization Within Police Interrogations","authors":"Quintan Crough, Joseph Eastwood","doi":"10.1002/acp.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Past research has suggested that minimization (i.e., downplaying the moral or psychological seriousness of the crime) pragmatically implies that a suspect will receive a more lenient sentence in exchange for information, and this cannot be mitigated by a leniency warning. Across four studies (<i>N</i>s = 187, 124, 236, and 241), participants read a case overview involving a break and enter, a suspect-interview transcript, and then answered questions regarding various perceptions of the interview and potential subsequent judicial process. We manipulated (1) the perspective taken by participants in the follow-up questions (Self v. Other) and (2) the language and placement of the leniency warning. We then conducted a mini meta-analysis that incorporated findings from all four studies. Results indicated that minimization only implies leniency when an imagine-other perspective is used; however, this effect can be successfully negated if a leniency warning is provided directly to the suspect.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental Trajectory of Children's Epistemic Trust Decision for Mathematical and Relative Information","authors":"Hüseyin Kotaman, Aslı Balci","doi":"10.1002/acp.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine which type of information source—providing either mathematical or relative data—children aged 5–11 would prefer. Additionally, the study examined how children justified their choices and whether differences existed in their justifications. A total of 837 children participated in the study. The children watched videos of two information sources: one who made decisions based on mathematical data and another who relied on personal opinions. They then answered three questions about which source they would consult regarding an unfamiliar topic. They also explained why they preferred the source they chose more frequently. Regression analysis revealed that as age increased, the likelihood of choosing the mathematical (precise) informant as the information source significantly increased. Furthermore, with age, children were more likely to justify their selections based on objective, measurement-based reasoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacqueline Woerner, Rachel Cooper, Leanna J. Papp, Elizabeth C. Neilson, Cameron Davis, Robert D. Dvorak, Michael E. Dunn
{"title":"Within- and Between-Person Fluctuations in Men's Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Perceptions of Sexual Interest in a Hypothetical Sexual Scenario","authors":"Jacqueline Woerner, Rachel Cooper, Leanna J. Papp, Elizabeth C. Neilson, Cameron Davis, Robert D. Dvorak, Michael E. Dunn","doi":"10.1002/acp.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sex-related alcohol expectancies about oneself and one's partner vary across time and context, yet alcohol-related sexual violence research predominantly measures alcohol expectancies as stable traits. Sexually active, non-abstinent men completed a sexual aggression analog scenario. After indicating a preference for a female or male hypothetical partner, participants were randomized to a scenario depicting a highly or low intoxicated partner, and they reported sex-related alcohol expectancies and sexual interest for themselves and their partner at four points across the scenario as well as their sexual aggression intentions. Repeated-measures ANOVA and latent growth curve modeling suggested self- and partner-specific sex-related alcohol expectancies and sexual interest fluctuated across the scenario. Less acute decreases in self- and partner-sex-related alcohol expectancies and perceived sexual interest following partner sexual refusal were associated with sexual aggression intentions. Prevention research and program development should incorporate a dynamic conceptualization of alcohol expectancies when examining sexual assault perpetration risks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Megan N. Imundo, Rui Ling Rachel Sanchez, Bianca Gonzalez, Rebecca M. Adler, Elizabeth Ligon Bjork
{"title":"Notetaking in the Time of COVID-19: Shifts in Students' Notetaking Practices Between In-Person and Online Instruction","authors":"Megan N. Imundo, Rui Ling Rachel Sanchez, Bianca Gonzalez, Rebecca M. Adler, Elizabeth Ligon Bjork","doi":"10.1002/acp.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic produced a unique opportunity to examine undergraduate students' notetaking practices for online courses. In this large survey study (<i>n</i> = 584), we examined how students' notetaking changed from before to during emergency online instruction and how students used their notes during this time. Our findings suggest that students made use of the affordances of online courses—especially the availability of lecture recordings and live captions—while taking notes. We also found mixed support for students' taking and using their notes in evidence-aligned ways. Students reported that they consistently took notes and often used organizational strategies while notetaking. Yet, students also tended to take transcript-style notes and often reviewed their notes passively and at the last minute. Together, our findings offer insight into how students leverage the unique features of online learning during notetaking and paint a nuanced picture of students' notetaking strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The More, the Merrier? A Study on Group Structure's Impact on Individual and Collective Memory","authors":"Qian Xiao, Xiaochun Luo, Yue Chu, Weihai Tang, Yahui Zhang, Hui Xu, Xiping Liu","doi":"10.1002/acp.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study examined the impact of group structure on individual and collective memory using a socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SS-RIF) paradigm with categorized exemplar words. A mixed design study with a 2 (group structure: member-identical, member-reconfigured) × 2 (interaction roles: speaker, listener) × 4 (item types: Rp+, Rp−, Nrp+, Nrp−) was conducted. Listeners in both groups exhibited SS-RIF, with no significant difference in forgetting. The member-identical group demonstrated a higher level of collective memory (overlapping items both members remembered or forgotten after collaboration) than the member-reconfigured group. No significant difference was found in collective recollection (i.e., items commonly remembered). However, the member-reconfigured group exhibited lower collective forgetting (i.e., items commonly forgotten). These results suggest repeated interactions with the same group are more conducive to forming collective memories, while interacting with a different person each time offers greater re-exposure benefits, leading to enhanced recall and less forgetting of the discussed information.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Wesenberg, Felix Krieglstein, Sascha Schneider, Günter Daniel Rey
{"title":"Seductive Details in Learning Text—Less Harmful if They Are Grouped Together Instead of Interspersed?","authors":"Lukas Wesenberg, Felix Krieglstein, Sascha Schneider, Günter Daniel Rey","doi":"10.1002/acp.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined if the number of interruptions caused by interesting side notes in learning text is critical for the detrimental effect that is generally found when such seductive details are included, and consequently, if this effect can be mitigated by grouping these details together instead of interspersing them. Results confirmed that extraneous cognitive load was increased and transfer performance impaired in conditions with seductive details. However, no significant differences were found between the grouped condition with five seductive details placed directly one after another (one interruption), and the interspersed condition with five seductive details placed at different positions (several interruptions). It is recommended to avoid interesting digressions in teaching, regardless of whether they are spread across the learning material or grouped together in one place. The extent of the seductive detail effect might rather depend on the amount of seductive details presented than the number of interruptions caused.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria A. Nygaard, Eva Rubínová, Julia L. Allan, Louise H. Phillips
{"title":"Understanding Older Adults' Experience of Prospective Memory Errors and Strategy Use","authors":"Maria A. Nygaard, Eva Rubínová, Julia L. Allan, Louise H. Phillips","doi":"10.1002/acp.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to plan and carry out a specific intention. Among older adults, the frequency of PM errors predicts difficulties with independent living. However, little is known about the nature and appraisal of everyday PM errors in older adults, as well as the strategies used to support PM. We addressed these issues in two qualitative interview studies (<i>N</i> = 30) with individuals aged 55–86. Findings suggested that older adults were most affected by PM failures that impact others (e.g., forgetting to meet a friend, 19/30 participants). The importance of social support to help remember tasks was also highlighted. External aids (e.g., calendars) were seen as the most useful strategies (27/30 participants), but participants differed in their attitudes toward technological support for memory. Findings highlight the importance of social factors in motivating and supporting PM in older adults and may inform the development of effective strategies to support PM in aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia F. Hammett, Weiqi Chen, Mitchell Kirwan, Olivia Westemeier, Cynthia A. Stappenbeck, Kelly Cue Davis
{"title":"Adversarial Heterosexual Beliefs, Sexual Entitlement Cognitions, and Condom Use Resistance Intentions Among Sober Versus Intoxicated Men: A Multigroup Mediation Model","authors":"Julia F. Hammett, Weiqi Chen, Mitchell Kirwan, Olivia Westemeier, Cynthia A. Stappenbeck, Kelly Cue Davis","doi":"10.1002/acp.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Men's condom use resistance (CUR) is common and associated with negative health consequences. CUR can involve both coercive and noncoercive strategies, and like other types of sexual coercion, may be exacerbated by alcohol use. Following sociocultural and feminist theories, the current study examined the associations between adversarial heterosexual beliefs and coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions via sexual entitlement cognitions among sober versus intoxicated men. Non-problem drinking young adult men (<i>N</i> = 282) completed background surveys, an in-lab alcohol administration procedure, and a hypothetical sexual scenario task. Results of multigroup path analysis showed that sexual entitlement cognitions mediated the associations between adversarial heterosexual beliefs and coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions. These associations were of similar strength among sober and intoxicated men. Findings lend support for the use of cognitive behavioral interventions and broader prevention efforts reducing societal messages that support hostile masculinity beliefs and cognitions to reduce CUR.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}