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The Cross-Race Effect in Lineups Versus Showups
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70035
Kyros J. Shen, Shiqi Chen, John T. Wixted
{"title":"The Cross-Race Effect in Lineups Versus Showups","authors":"Kyros J. Shen,&nbsp;Shiqi Chen,&nbsp;John T. Wixted","doi":"10.1002/acp.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A witness's ability to discriminate innocent from guilty suspects is reliably higher for same-race than for cross-race faces. We investigated the relative magnitude of this well-established effect in lineups versus showups. Based on diagnostic feature-detection theory, we hypothesized that the cross-race effect (CRE) for showups would be larger than that for lineups. However, contrary to our predictions, a similarly strong CRE was observed for showups and lineups, and high-confidence accuracy trended lower in the cross-race condition regardless of presentation format (showup vs. lineup). These results may indicate that witnesses did not initially encode certain diagnostic features of cross-race faces that might otherwise be put to good use in lineups. Moreover, the apparent failure of participants to adjust for the lower discriminability in the cross-race situation when expressing confidence may indicate that they may not fully appreciate how much more difficult it is to identify faces of a different race.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Closer Is Not Always More Credible: The Effect of Social Distance on Misinformation Processing 距离越近不一定越可信：社会距离对错误信息处理的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70034
Guangzhen Jia, Gongxiang Chen, Jimei Dong, Yang Liu, Qingqing Yang, Siming Wang
{"title":"Closer Is Not Always More Credible: The Effect of Social Distance on Misinformation Processing","authors":"Guangzhen Jia,&nbsp;Gongxiang Chen,&nbsp;Jimei Dong,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Qingqing Yang,&nbsp;Siming Wang","doi":"10.1002/acp.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Generally, people rely on source credibility to assess the truth of information and correct misinformation. This study aimed to investigate how social distance, a source characteristic, impacted the processing of misinformation. We conducted two studies to examine how social distance from the source of misinformation (Experiment 1) and corrective information (Experiment 2) influenced information processing. We found that misinformation was perceived as more truthful when provided by a close information source than by a distant information source. Moreover, the retraction of misinformation increased when the social distance of the retraction source decreased. Surprisingly, the social distance of the misinformation source provoked an unexpected reverse effect: misinformation from a close social distance source was easier to correct than that from a distant source.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recall of Thematic and Perceptual Information Following Episodic Specificity Induction and Instructed Eye Closure
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70042
Andrew Parker, Adam Parkin, Neil Dagnall
{"title":"Recall of Thematic and Perceptual Information Following Episodic Specificity Induction and Instructed Eye Closure","authors":"Andrew Parker,&nbsp;Adam Parkin,&nbsp;Neil Dagnall","doi":"10.1002/acp.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Techniques to improve episodic memory such as eye-witness events have been the focus of much research in psychology. The present experiment investigates the effect of two techniques, episodic specificity induction (ESI) and eye-closure (EC) to assess if their conjoined effects are additive or interactive regarding the recall and subjective ratings of thematic and perceptual information of short video clips. It was found that both ESI and EC enhanced recall and that the effects were primarily additive. This was found for both thematic and perceptual details. ESI and EC interacted for subjective ratings of perceptual vividness but not story coherence. For the former, EC increased vividness ratings in the control but not the ESI group. The cognitive basis of these effects and possible applications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Survey Order on Subjective Measures of Cognitive Load: A Randomized Controlled Trial
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70039
Onur Dönmez, Yavuz Akbulut, Gözde Zabzun, Berrin Köseoğlu
{"title":"Effects of Survey Order on Subjective Measures of Cognitive Load: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Onur Dönmez,&nbsp;Yavuz Akbulut,&nbsp;Gözde Zabzun,&nbsp;Berrin Köseoğlu","doi":"10.1002/acp.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of survey order in measuring self-reported cognitive load. Understanding how survey order influences responses is crucial, but it has been largely overlooked in the context of cognitive load. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design with 319 high school students, the study manipulated intrinsic cognitive load (ICL) (pre-training vs. no pre-training) and survey order (ICL-first vs. extraneous cognitive load [ECL]-first). The results of the two-way MANOVA showed that pre-training contributed to the management of cognitive load. Cognitive load scores varied with survey order: extraneous and intrinsic load scores were higher on the ECL-first order, contrary to previous findings. However, pre-training and survey order had no significant effect on the achievement test. The structural validity of the cognitive load scale was consistent across survey types. These findings highlight the importance of survey order when considering cognitive load and provide insights for optimizing survey design in educational contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Memory for Free: Gist-Based False Recall of an Advertisement in Young and Older Adults
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70041
Kylie O. Alberts, Alan D. Castel
{"title":"Memory for Free: Gist-Based False Recall of an Advertisement in Young and Older Adults","authors":"Kylie O. Alberts,&nbsp;Alan D. Castel","doi":"10.1002/acp.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Advertisers may mislead people into sharing personal information by wording their advertisements to encourage engagement. Advertisements may be effective because people rely on schematic information when retrieving information from memory, which can lead to gist-based false memory. The present study examined how young and older adults falsely remember viewing the word “free” in an advertisement. In two experiments, participants viewed an advertisement for 30 s (Experiment 1) or an unlimited time (Experiment 2). Participants either viewed an advertisement where “free” was stated thrice or was never stated but included synonyms. When “free” was stated, both age groups recalled “free” more often than it was stated. When “free” was not stated, both age groups falsely recalled the word “free.” Thus, people tend to overestimate the frequency of keywords and will falsely recall certain words, even when a specific thematic word is not in an advertisement, which could have implications for later decision-making.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Drives Student Engagement and Learning in Video Lectures? An Investigation of Instructor Visibility, Playback Speed, and Student Preferences
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70026
Dahwi Ahn, Jason C. K. Chan
{"title":"What Drives Student Engagement and Learning in Video Lectures? An Investigation of Instructor Visibility, Playback Speed, and Student Preferences","authors":"Dahwi Ahn,&nbsp;Jason C. K. Chan","doi":"10.1002/acp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>COVID-19 greatly increased the online delivery of higher education. But one limitation of online learning is that students often struggle to stay engaged while watching online lectures. We examined whether including an instructor's face in lecture videos (instructor visibility) enhances student engagement or learning. In two preregistered experiments, we found that instructor visibility in lecture videos did not affect either engagement or learning overall. However, participants reported higher engagement when they watched a video that aligned with their preference for instructor visibility. For example, participants who favored videos with the instructor visible reported greater engagement with such videos compared to those without the instructor, and vice versa. Additionally, we examined the effects of playback speed on engagement and learning. Our results suggest that speeded playing did not impact engagement but resulted in better learning efficiency. Lastly, using GPT, we explored participants' open-ended responses to understand their preference for video lectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fusing ChatGPT and Human Decisions in Unfamiliar Face Matching
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70037
Robin S. S. Kramer
{"title":"Fusing ChatGPT and Human Decisions in Unfamiliar Face Matching","authors":"Robin S. S. Kramer","doi":"10.1002/acp.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unfamiliar face matching involves deciding whether two face images depict the same person or two different people. Individual performance can be error-prone but is improved by aggregating (fusing) the responses of participant pairs. With advances in automated facial recognition systems (AFR), fusing human and algorithm responses also leads to performance improvements over individuals working alone. In the current work, I investigated whether ChatGPT could serve as the algorithm in this fusion. Using a common face matching test, I found that the fusion of individual responses with those provided by ChatGPT increased performance in comparison with both individuals working alone and simulated participant pairs. This pattern of results was evident when participants responded either using a rating scale (Experiment 1) or with a binary decision and associated confidence (Experiment 2). Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential utility of ChatGPT in daily identification contexts where state-of-the-art AFR may not be available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating Different Value Functions of the Prospect Theory According to Individual Decision-Making Styles 根据个人决策风格估算前景理论的不同价值函数
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70027
Bum Seok Kim, Woosub Kim, Jae H. Min
{"title":"Estimating Different Value Functions of the Prospect Theory According to Individual Decision-Making Styles","authors":"Bum Seok Kim,&nbsp;Woosub Kim,&nbsp;Jae H. Min","doi":"10.1002/acp.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore human risk tolerance behaviors by applying decision-making styles, which refer to individual habits or response patterns during decision-making process. Specifically, this research estimates the sample's prospect theory value function by decision-making style and statistically tests the difference in coefficients of the value function using ANOVA and Duncan grouping. The results show that individuals with rational and avoidant decision-making styles tend to display risk-averse tendencies in situations involving future prospective gains, whereas those with dependent, intuitive, and spontaneous styles exhibit risk-seeking tendencies. Conversely, individuals with rational and dependent decision-making styles demonstrate risk-averse tendencies in situations involving future prospective losses, whereas those with avoidant, intuitive, and spontaneous styles display risk-seeking tendencies. This study presents empirical evidence that decision-making styles can account for all combinations of risk attitudes toward gains and losses situations. This finding demonstrates a granular level in risk attitudes that prospect theory cannot solely explain.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Risks of Road Rage: An Investigation Into the Influences of Driving-Related Anger on Driver Attention
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70033
Steven Love, Yolinda Indrawan, Michele Clark, Grégoire S. Larue
{"title":"The Risks of Road Rage: An Investigation Into the Influences of Driving-Related Anger on Driver Attention","authors":"Steven Love,&nbsp;Yolinda Indrawan,&nbsp;Michele Clark,&nbsp;Grégoire S. Larue","doi":"10.1002/acp.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between driving-specific meta-mental beliefs, anger rumination and anger experiences with driver inattention. A sample of 527 adult Australian drivers completed an online survey about their driving-related anger and attention. Bivariate correlations revealed positive relationships between meta-mental beliefs, anger rumination, anger experiences and the frequency of driver inattention (errors and lapses). In contrast, negative associations were typically found between the anger-related variables and the self-reported ability to regulate attention (i.e., attentional presence, flexibility, capacity) while driving. Notably, however, driving anger shared a positive relationship with attentional flexibility. Structural equation modelling demonstrated hierarchical relationships existed between the variables, whereby meta-mental beliefs indirectly affected driving attention, via the effects they had toward driving-related anger. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into how anger-related experiences are developed on the road and how these experiences influence driver attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verbal and Numeric Eyewitness Confidence Differentially Affect Decision-Making
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70030
Pia Pennekamp
{"title":"Verbal and Numeric Eyewitness Confidence Differentially Affect Decision-Making","authors":"Pia Pennekamp","doi":"10.1002/acp.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eyewitness confidence is typically communicated verbally (e.g., certain). Interpretations for verbal confidence statements are variable which could affect decision-making. I explored the extent to which confidence format (i.e., verbal vs. numeric) influences juror decision-making. Participants (<i>N</i> = 468) read a trial vignette in which an expert witness draws attention to the eyewitness's confidence in their suspect identification (<i>uncertain</i>, or <i>certain</i>, or <i>28%</i>, or <i>88%</i>). Participants rated the expert's recommendation, rendered a conviction decision, and provided confidence in their decision on a scale of 0 = <i>Not at all confident</i> to 10 = <i>Completely confident</i>. Mock-jurors were more likely to convict when confidence was high. However, mock-jurors were also more likely to convict when confidence was presented verbally. This effect may be attributable to the ambiguity verbal confidence affords, allowing for interpretation in congruence with the eyewitness's identification decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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