Applied Cognitive Psychology最新文献_第10页

Eyewitness Decision Processes: A Valid Reflector Variable 目击者决策过程：一个有效的反射变量

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70001

Jamal K. Mansour, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Mai-Tram Nguyen, Roy Groncki

{"title":"Eyewitness Decision Processes: A Valid Reflector Variable","authors":"Jamal K. Mansour, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Mai-Tram Nguyen, Roy Groncki","doi":"10.1002/acp.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identification accuracy can be predicted from eyewitnesses' self-reported decision processes but the evidence of their ability to improve prediction when confidence and response time are included is mixed and minimal. Typically, decision processes are measured via one or five self-report questions; we explored whether a more nuanced questionnaire could improve prediction. Participants viewed a mock-crime video, made a target-present or -absent lineup decision, and completed 17 decision process items. An exploratory factor analysis on choosers' (<i>n</i> = 391) responses revealed three correlated factors, broadly reflecting automatic response, relative judgment, and absolute judgment. The three-factor solution had good internal reliability (McDonald's ωs = 0.93, 0.89, and 0.74, respectively). Scores produced from the questions loading on the automatic response and relative judgment factors improved predictions of accuracy compared to using confidence and response time alone. Self-reported decision processes may be an easy-to-administer and useful reflector of identification accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lost in the Mall? Interrogating Judgements of False Memory 在林荫道迷路了？错误记忆的质疑判断

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70012

Bernice Andrews, Chris R. Brewin

引用次数: 0

Perceptual Expertise of Forensic Examiners and Reviewers on Tests of Cross-Race and Disguised Face Identification and Face Memory 法医审查员和审稿人在跨种族和伪装人脸识别和人脸记忆测试中的知觉专长。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70002

Amy N. Yates, Jacqueline G. Cavazos, Géraldine Jeckeln, Ying Hu, Eilidh Noyes, Carina A. Hahn, Alice J. O'Toole, P. Jonathon Phillips

{"title":"Perceptual Expertise of Forensic Examiners and Reviewers on Tests of Cross-Race and Disguised Face Identification and Face Memory","authors":"Amy N. Yates, Jacqueline G. Cavazos, Géraldine Jeckeln, Ying Hu, Eilidh Noyes, Carina A. Hahn, Alice J. O'Toole, P. Jonathon Phillips","doi":"10.1002/acp.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forensic facial professionals have been shown in previous studies to identify people from frontal face images more accurately than untrained participants when given 30 s per face pair. We tested whether this superiority holds in more challenging conditions. Two groups of forensic facial professionals (examiners, reviewers) and untrained participants were tested in three lab-based tasks: other-race face identification, disguised face identification, and face memory. For other-race face identification, on same-race faces, examiners were superior to controls; on different-race identification, examiners and controls performed comparably. Examiners were superior to controls for impersonation disguise, but not consistently superior for evasion disguise. Examiners' performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT+) was marginally better than reviewers and controls. We conclude that under laboratory-style conditions, professional examiners' identification superiority does not generalize completely to other-race and disguised faces. Future work should administer other-race and disguise face identification tests that allow forensic professionals to follow methods and procedures they typically use in casework.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Said What? The Effects of Cognitive Load on Source Monitoring and Memory for Multiple witnesses' Accounts 谁说了什么？认知负荷对多证人证词源监测和记忆的影响

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70011

Pamela Hanway, Lucy Akehurst, Zarah Vernham, Lorraine Hope

{"title":"Who Said What? The Effects of Cognitive Load on Source Monitoring and Memory for Multiple witnesses' Accounts","authors":"Pamela Hanway, Lucy Akehurst, Zarah Vernham, Lorraine Hope","doi":"10.1002/acp.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investigative interviewers are often required to accurately remember information that has been provided by different people. This can be at the scene of an event or during follow-up investigations in interview rooms. Interviewers must accurately monitor the source of information to differentiate between witnesses' accounts and to assess what information is novel and what has been corroborated by others or by physical evidence. The current research examined the effects of cognitive load on memory and source monitoring accuracy for information provided by multiple witnesses. Participants, under conditions of high cognitive load (HCL) where load was induced via interviewer-relevant tasks (e.g., formulating questions) or no cognitive load (NCL), watched five mock-witnesses' accounts of the same crime. Each witness provided several details of the crime that were unique to their individual account. When asked about account details, and which witness had provided each detail, mock-interviewers' memory accuracy was lower in the HCL condition than the NCL condition. There was no difference between cognitive load conditions for source monitoring accuracy, which was poor regardless of condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Intelligence in 3 Min: Concurrent, Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Baddeley Reasoning Test 用 3 分钟测量智力：巴德雷推理测验的并发、趋同和区分效度

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4244

Adrian Furnham

引用次数: 0

Capturing Fingerprint Expertise With Protocol Analysis 通过协议分析捕捉指纹专业知识

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70010

Brooklyn J. Corbett, Jason M. Tangen

{"title":"Capturing Fingerprint Expertise With Protocol Analysis","authors":"Brooklyn J. Corbett, Jason M. Tangen","doi":"10.1002/acp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we used think-aloud protocols to compare how 44 fingerprint examiners and 44 novices analysed prints. Through this qualitative approach, we discovered several notable differences. Experts focused on local ridge characteristics and minute details of each print, while novices concentrated more on global features. Additionally, experts demonstrated adaptability in dynamically planning their systematic approach and integrated specialised knowledge of causal factors affecting prints. In contrast, the novices relied more on general intuition. Furthermore, experts consistently displayed critical thinking and metacognition, carefully weighing the reliability of each identifying feature before making conclusions. However, there was variation in the precise evaluation approaches and conclusion thresholds among experts. Overall, these findings reveal the substantial complexity, adaptability and domain knowledge enhancing expert performance in fingerprint analysis. We discuss implications including balancing training of intuitive and analytical reasoning, implementing more detailed documentation, incorporating falsification practices and driving statistical advancements to strengthen evidence evaluation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Verbal Framing of Video and Attitudes Toward Police on Mock Jurors' Judgements of Body-Worn Camera Video 视频的语言框架和对警察的态度对模拟陪审员对车载摄像头视频判断的影响

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70007

Jaihyun Park, Neal R. Feigenson, Ngayin Cheng

引用次数: 0

Rapid Learning in Frontline Grocery Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19 大流行期间一线杂货店员工的快速学习能力

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70008

Julia G. Halilova, Deltcho Valtchanov, R. Shayna Rosenbaum

{"title":"Rapid Learning in Frontline Grocery Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Julia G. Halilova, Deltcho Valtchanov, R. Shayna Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1002/acp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prolonged stress and the need for rapid uptake of information can have detrimental effects on memory and cognition, whereas meaningfulness of study material and motivation to learn can have positive effects. How do these opposing conditions impact workplace learning in essential frontline workers during a global pandemic? We analyzed learning data collected longitudinally since before the pandemic in over 85,000 essential frontline grocery workers and nonessential telecommunications workers via a learning management system that incorporates a spaced retrieval schedule, where items are retrieved following retention intervals of varying length. Findings indicate more rapid knowledge uptake in grocery workers (a) during than before the pandemic, (b) for COVID-19-related content than non-COVID content, and (c) in the United States than in Canada. Longer-term maintenance of training material was similar across groups. Evidence of enhanced workplace learning and retention supports efforts to integrate empirically based strategies from the behavioral sciences into learning-based technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does (Biasing) Nonverbal Information Deteriorate the Accuracy of the Take-the-Best Heuristic for Deception Detection? 非语言信息（偏差）是否会降低 "取最佳值 "启发式欺骗检测的准确性？

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70006

Aaron Benjamin Lob, Nisrin Chakir, Laurine van Munster van Heuven, Bruno Verschuere

{"title":"Does (Biasing) Nonverbal Information Deteriorate the Accuracy of the Take-the-Best Heuristic for Deception Detection?","authors":"Aaron Benjamin Lob, Nisrin Chakir, Laurine van Munster van Heuven, Bruno Verschuere","doi":"10.1002/acp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People are poor lie detectors, partly because they hold false beliefs about nonverbal cues to deception. Here, we investigated if guiding people to rely only on a message's detailedness (“take-the-best”) boosts their lie detection and to what extent such heuristic judgments are immune to nonverbal information. In three studies (<i>N</i>s = 109, 88 and 144), participants made detailedness-based veracity judgements, of text versus video statements (Study 1), or of statements without or with biasing nonverbal behavior (truth tellers diverting, liars maintaining gaze; Studies 2 and 3). Compared to unguided judgements, participants using the heuristic method achieved higher deception detection accuracy throughout. Mere access to nonverbal behavior did not deteriorate performance (Study 1), but the heuristic was not fully immune to biasing nonverbal behavior (Studies 2, 3). Our findings challenge the lay notion that access to nonverbal behavior benefits deception detection and suggest that only focusing on diagnostic cues improves lie detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlicensed Corrections Violate the Gricean Maxims of Communication: Evidence for a Cognitive Mechanism Underlying Misinformation Backfire Effects 无证惩教违反了格莱斯传播原则：错误信息逆火效应的认知机制证据

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70004

Jacob G. Thomas, Kevin S. Autry

{"title":"Unlicensed Corrections Violate the Gricean Maxims of Communication: Evidence for a Cognitive Mechanism Underlying Misinformation Backfire Effects","authors":"Jacob G. Thomas, Kevin S. Autry","doi":"10.1002/acp.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Successful correction of misinformation is complicated by the possibility of backfire effects where corrections may unintentionally increase false beliefs. Due to the conflicting evidence for the existence of backfire effects in the current literature, the present study investigated the influence of pragmatic licensing (i.e., contextual justification for communicating corrections) on the occurrence of backfire effects. Using text messages to manipulate the presence of misinformation and corrections about the meanings of novel words, we found evidence of a backfire effect occurring as a result of unlicensed negated corrections. Misinformation use was significantly greater when a correction was provided without licensing than when no information was provided at all. We suggest that the backfire effect observed in this study may be the result of a violation of the Gricean maxims of communication, and that this mechanism may help to explain the contradictory findings about the existence of backfire effects when correcting misinformation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0