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“What if…?”: Vividness and frequency of counterfactual thinking in survivors of terrorism "如果......会怎样？恐怖主义幸存者反事实思维的生动性和频率
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4176
Andrea Undset, Tine K. Jensen, Grete Dyb, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Ines Blix
{"title":"“What if…?”: Vividness and frequency of counterfactual thinking in survivors of terrorism","authors":"Andrea Undset,&nbsp;Tine K. Jensen,&nbsp;Grete Dyb,&nbsp;Tore Wentzel-Larsen,&nbsp;Ines Blix","doi":"10.1002/acp.4176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After traumatic experiences, it is common to think about alternative scenarios or outcomes of the event. This is often referred to as counterfactual thoughts (CFT), and CFT after trauma have been associated with posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR). In this study, we aimed to: (1) investigate the relationship between the vividness and frequency of CFT and PTSR, and to (2) examine the associations between exposure, peri-traumatic reactions, physical injury and the loss of someone close, and the subsequent vividness and frequency of CFT. The participants (<i>N</i> = 289) were survivors of a terror attack in Norway. More vivid and frequent CFT were significantly and independently related to more PTSR. Exposure during trauma was significantly associated with more vivid CFT in the unadjusted regression model. No further significant relationships were found between exposure, peri-traumatic reactions, physical injury and the loss of someone close, and the vividness and frequency of CFT. As CFT are common after trauma and potentially cause distress, clinicians should identify and validate CFT, and provide coping assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139720124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive effects of humorous drawings on learning: An eye-tracking study 幽默图画对学习的认知影响：眼动追踪研究
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4178
Mathilde Cazes, Audrey Noël, Eric Jamet
{"title":"Cognitive effects of humorous drawings on learning: An eye-tracking study","authors":"Mathilde Cazes,&nbsp;Audrey Noël,&nbsp;Eric Jamet","doi":"10.1002/acp.4178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although humor is frequently used in face-to-face courses and computer-based training, there is no consensus in the literature on its effects on students' learning. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess the cognitive effects of adding humorous drawings in a computer-based course on both learning outcomes and learning behaviors (eye movements). It was assumed that humorous drawings would improve learning through the active resolution of incongruity. To isolate this effect from those of the illustrations, a nonhumorous drawings condition was also compared with the text-only condition. Eye-movement data showed that humor increased visiting duration for the drawings. Learning outcomes were not affected by the nonhumorous drawings, whereas humor had a positive effect on comprehension, though not on retention. This effect of humor was not mediated by visiting time for the slides. Our results argue in favor of the use of content-relevant cartoons to improve students' learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing a new era 引入新时代
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4175
Michael E. Lamb
{"title":"Introducing a new era","authors":"Michael E. Lamb","doi":"10.1002/acp.4175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of individual differences in episodic future thought on credibility in occupation interviews 偶发未来思维的个体差异对职业访谈可信度的影响
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4172
Felicity O'Connell, Delyth Stone, Zarah Vernham, Paul Taylor, Lara Warmelink
{"title":"The effect of individual differences in episodic future thought on credibility in occupation interviews","authors":"Felicity O'Connell,&nbsp;Delyth Stone,&nbsp;Zarah Vernham,&nbsp;Paul Taylor,&nbsp;Lara Warmelink","doi":"10.1002/acp.4172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we describe three experiments that explored whether individual differences in episodic future thought (EFT) ability affects credibility when participants told the truth and lied about their occupation. Credibility was measured by the number of perceptual details, statement length, level of detail and plausibility in verbal accounts and sketches (Experiment 1) and by other participants' veracity judgments of the verbal accounts (Experiment 2) and sketches (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, participants with higher EFT ability generated more detailed verbal accounts and more plausible sketches than those with lower EFT ability. In Experiments 2 and 3, EFT ability did not predict veracity judgements of the verbal accounts or sketches derived from Experiment 1. The findings across all experiments suggest that EFT ability affects the ability to generate credible accounts however, EFT ability does not affect credibility judgements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retraction: Generalisability and stability of visual comparison ability 撤回：视觉比较能力的普遍性和稳定性
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4173
{"title":"Retraction: Generalisability and stability of visual comparison ability","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/acp.4173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Retraction: “Generalisability and stability of visual comparison ability,” by Bethany Growns, Mia Gough and Rebecca K. Helm, <i>Appl Cognit Psychol</i>. 2023, <i>37</i>, 6 (https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4127).</p><p>The above article, published on August 29, 2023 in Wiley Online Library (Wiley Online Library), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, journal Editor-in-Chief Graham Davies and Editor Charles Stone, and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</p><p>The retraction has been agreed due to concerns the authors raised with the reliability of two key measures when undertaken by novice samples versus an expert sample as in prior research, thus adding uncertainty to the results.</p><p>An investigation by independent members of Wiley's Integrity Assurance &amp; Case Resolution team and ACP's editorial board concluded that any addendum or correction to address the identified issues would likely lead to different interpretations of the data that do not support the authors' original conclusions regarding these two measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is student learning from a video lecture affected by whether the instructor wears a mask? 学生学习视频讲座是否会受到教师是否戴面具的影响？
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4169
Xiaoxue Leng, Fuxing Wang, Richard E. Mayer
{"title":"Is student learning from a video lecture affected by whether the instructor wears a mask?","authors":"Xiaoxue Leng,&nbsp;Fuxing Wang,&nbsp;Richard E. Mayer","doi":"10.1002/acp.4169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.4169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined whether having the instructor wear a mask during a video lecture affects learning. In Experiment 1, college students watched an instructional video on the formation of lightning, in which an instructor who either did or did not wear a mask as she stood next to slides and lectured. Learners' learning outcomes did not differ significantly, but learners spent significantly less time looking at the instructor's face when she was masked. In Experiment 2, using a 2 (the instructor wore a mask or not) × 2 (slides were displayed or not) between-subject design, college students learned about the process of water cycle from instructional videos. There was a significant interaction in which adding slides improved learning outcomes with a masked instructor, but not with an unmasked instructor. Adding a mask lowered student ratings of social presence with the instructor. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time to reflect on voice parades: The influence of reflection and retention interval duration on earwitness performance 声音巡游的反思时间：思考和保留间隔时间对耳证人表现的影响
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4162
Nikolas Pautz, Kirsty McDougall, Katrin Mueller-Johnson, Francis Nolan, Alice Paver, Harriet M. J. Smith
{"title":"Time to reflect on voice parades: The influence of reflection and retention interval duration on earwitness performance","authors":"Nikolas Pautz,&nbsp;Kirsty McDougall,&nbsp;Katrin Mueller-Johnson,&nbsp;Francis Nolan,&nbsp;Alice Paver,&nbsp;Harriet M. J. Smith","doi":"10.1002/acp.4162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.4162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experiment-based voice parades often result in low hit-rates and high false-alarm rates. One contributing factor may be that the experimental procedures omit elements that might naturally occur in the memory formation process, such as the process of reflection. In Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 180, <i>F</i> = 92) we explored if a post-encoding reflection manipulation, compared to a simple attention control task, prior to a five-minute retention interval would improve identification performance. In Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 180, <i>F</i> = 93), we explored how the effects of this manipulation might change when the retention interval was 24-h. The results show that the inclusion of a reflection manipulation did not meaningfully improve performance in either experiment. Importantly, we found no meaningful difference in performance when directly comparing the two retention interval durations. We consider theoretical explanations for these results and discuss implications for the design and validity of earwitness voice parade studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivated reasoning and climate change: Comparing news sources, politicization, intensification, and qualification in denier versus believer subreddit comments 动机推理与气候变化：比较否认者与信奉者子论坛评论中的新闻来源、政治化、强化和限定性
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4167
Charles S. Areni
{"title":"Motivated reasoning and climate change: Comparing news sources, politicization, intensification, and qualification in denier versus believer subreddit comments","authors":"Charles S. Areni","doi":"10.1002/acp.4167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.4167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Motivated reasoning explains how climate change deniers can maintain their beliefs in the face of disconfirming evidence, suggesting that, compared to believers, the online comments of climate change deniers are more likely to (a) reference independent and social media websites advocating ideologically congruent positions, (b) politicize the issue, and (c) use intensifiers (e.g., definitely, undoubtedly). Automated text analysis of 156,844 comments from subreddit communities with opposing perspectives on climate change identified the internet domains associated with hyperlinks and the frequencies of political terms and intensifiers in user comments. Results were consistent with motivated reasoning by climate change deniers. In addition, climate change believers were more likely than deniers to use qualifiers in their comments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.4167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating eyewitnesses: Translating expressions of pre- and post-identification confidence 评估目击证人：转换指认前后的信任表达方式
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4163
Daniella K. Cash, Tiffany D. Russell, Alan T. Harrison, Megan H. Papesh
{"title":"Evaluating eyewitnesses: Translating expressions of pre- and post-identification confidence","authors":"Daniella K. Cash,&nbsp;Tiffany D. Russell,&nbsp;Alan T. Harrison,&nbsp;Megan H. Papesh","doi":"10.1002/acp.4163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.4163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the confidence-accuracy relationship is now well established, confidence assessments are usually taken <i>after</i> the lineup identification procedure. Witnesses, however, often express confidence in their potential identification accuracy at other times, such as prior to seeing a lineup. Recent research has shown that these post-identification confidence statements are not consistently interpreted in the manner witnesses intend them. The present studies compare interpretations of pre- and post-identification confidence statements, and examine whether these interpretations are similarly affected by numerical statements and featural justifications. Across four studies, participants read eyewitness confidence statements and judged how confident and accurate they perceived witnesses to be. We manipulated expression type (verbal, numerical), statement type (confidence only, confidence paired with justification), and statement time (pre- and post-identification). Pre-identification confidence statements were perceived as less confident and less likely to be accurate. Unlike post-identification statements, pre-identification statements were not discounted when accompanied by featural justifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“They don't want you to know the truth”: Evaluating predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories "他们不想让你知道真相"：评估阴谋论信仰的预测因素
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.4161
Maria Isabela Caro Simões dos Reis, André Rabelo, Ronaldo Pilati, Vithor Rosa Franco, Manuela Flores de Almeida, Natália Iturri-Angulo, Teresa Clara Joaquim Rebouças
{"title":"“They don't want you to know the truth”: Evaluating predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories","authors":"Maria Isabela Caro Simões dos Reis,&nbsp;André Rabelo,&nbsp;Ronaldo Pilati,&nbsp;Vithor Rosa Franco,&nbsp;Manuela Flores de Almeida,&nbsp;Natália Iturri-Angulo,&nbsp;Teresa Clara Joaquim Rebouças","doi":"10.1002/acp.4161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/acp.4161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work aims to evaluate the predictive effect of Social Dominance Orientation, Need for Closure, Attitudes toward Math, Paranormal Beliefs, Religiosity, and Education over General Conspiracy Beliefs (GCB) and Conspiracy Mentality (CM). Two studies were conducted with Brazilian samples. In Study 1, a higher Educational Level and being a female were negatively associated with GCB. In Study 2, Paranormal Beliefs had a positive predictive relationship with CM, while greater Religiosity was associated with lower CM. Future studies should explore the effects of mediators in the relationships found in this study and provide a better conceptualization and operationalization of conspiracy beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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