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Beyond the Boundary of Childhood Amnesia: Remembering Flashbulb Events From Early Ages 超越童年健忘症的界限：从幼年开始记忆闪光灯事件
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70119
Daniel L. Greenberg
{"title":"Beyond the Boundary of Childhood Amnesia: Remembering Flashbulb Events From Early Ages","authors":"Daniel L. Greenberg","doi":"10.1002/acp.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies of childhood amnesia have shown that most adults cannot remember events from before the age of about 3.5. A recent line of work, however, has shown that some individuals remember earlier events but misdate them to later ages (known as telescoping). This study takes a complementary approach by searching for memories that cannot be telescoped—in this case, memories of the September 11, 2001, attacks in the United States. Three hundred and two young adults were asked about their memory of 9/11 (mean age on 9/11 = 4.4; SD = 2.1; range 1.8–13.5). Over 50% of participants who were between 4 and 5 at the time had a flashbulb memory, and a substantial minority of participants had strong memories even though they were between 2 and 3 at the time. The results provide further evidence that people frequently remember events from very early childhood—at least when they are powerful events that typically elicit a flashbulb.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Body-Worn Camera Versus Officer Reports: How Inconsistencies Influence Public Perceptions of Trust, Accuracy, and Punishment 随身摄像机与官员报告：不一致如何影响公众对信任、准确性和惩罚的看法
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70113
Kris-Ann S. Anderson, Kristyn Jones, Deryn Strange
{"title":"Body-Worn Camera Versus Officer Reports: How Inconsistencies Influence Public Perceptions of Trust, Accuracy, and Punishment","authors":"Kris-Ann S. Anderson,&nbsp;Kristyn Jones,&nbsp;Deryn Strange","doi":"10.1002/acp.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some officers advocate for watching their body-worn camera (BWC) footage before writing incident reports, fearing inconsistencies may damage their credibility. Across two experiments (<i>N</i> = 1580), we examined how inconsistencies influence public perceptions of trust, accuracy, and punishment decisions for an officer involved use-of-force incident. In Experiment 1, participants read a brief description and the officer's report but did not see BWC footage; in Experiment 2, participants read the officer's report and watched ambiguous BWC footage. We manipulated whether the report was described as consistent or inconsistent with the footage and whether the officer wrote the report before or after watching the footage. Overall, inconsistency reduced trust and accuracy ratings and, in Experiment 1, increased charging decisions and guilt judgments. Additionally, participants preferred officers watch BWC footage after writing their reports. These results suggest a need for public education about interpreting inconsistencies and that officers have reason to fear inconsistencies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Scale for Preschool Children's Questioning Tendencies 一种新的学龄前儿童质疑倾向量表
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70121
Ramazan Sak
{"title":"A New Scale for Preschool Children's Questioning Tendencies","authors":"Ramazan Sak","doi":"10.1002/acp.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As well as being important tools for information acquisition, children's questions can also lead to profound learning. Nevertheless, no scale for measuring their questioning tendencies has hitherto been developed. Accordingly, this study pioneers one for use with preschool children. To establish construct validity, data from 544 children were used in exploratory factor analysis, and from an additional 237 children in confirmatory factor analysis. Of the original 25 questions, 10 were eliminated, and the remaining 15 items had a three-factor structure that explained 67.59% of the total variance. The internal consistency coefficient of the final Questioning Tendencies Scale was 0.894, establishing it as a valid and reliable instrument for use with children aged three to six.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Filtering Response Time Concealed Information Test for Searching for Relevant Concealed Items 搜索相关隐藏项的过滤响应时间隐藏信息测试
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70114
Gáspár Lukács, Bennett Kleinberg, Anna Fekete, Izumi Matsuda
{"title":"A Filtering Response Time Concealed Information Test for Searching for Relevant Concealed Items","authors":"Gáspár Lukács,&nbsp;Bennett Kleinberg,&nbsp;Anna Fekete,&nbsp;Izumi Matsuda","doi":"10.1002/acp.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The response time concealed information test can reveal whether a person recognizes a relevant concealed item among others based on slower responses. This method also has a hitherto scarcely researched potential for searching for an unknown probe. We introduce a design for efficiently searching through any number of items. In Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 260), we tested a conventional test design with 10 items. Using these data, we developed a new design with a filtering mechanism that dynamically removes items live during the task as soon as proven unlikely to be the relevant item. The filtering design, assessed in Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 260), took substantially less time (∼17 vs. ∼7 min), while being at least similarly efficient in correctly identifying the probe (30.0% vs. 43.1%). Our filtering design offers a time-efficient, scalable, adaptive tool for identifying unknown concealed information among multiple suspected probes, with broad real-world application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Analysis of Competing Hypotheses in Legal Proceedings 法律诉讼中的竞争性假设分析
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70115
Jana Otzipka, Renate Volbert
{"title":"The Analysis of Competing Hypotheses in Legal Proceedings","authors":"Jana Otzipka,&nbsp;Renate Volbert","doi":"10.1002/acp.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study examined the potential benefit of the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) method to reduce confirmation bias in legal proceedings. To this end, 222 law students participated in an online study and assessed an ambiguous homicide investigation. Participants were divided into three groups: control group, single-hypothesis group, and ACH group. To assess the test–retest reliability of the ACH method, a follow-up study with 30 participants was conducted. As no indication of confirmation bias was observed, the possible benefits of the ACH method as a debiasing method in legal proceedings could not be fully assessed. However, participants' confidence in their guilt assessment significantly increased when applying the ACH method. Simultaneously, exclusively examining the guilt-hypothesis led to a focus on significantly more non-diagnostic evidence. No other group differences emerged. Findings regarding the ACH method's temporal stability are mixed, highlighting the method's sensitivity to small changes in the evaluation process.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Prospective Memory Under Different Attentional Load Conditions 正念冥想对不同注意负荷条件下前瞻记忆的影响
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70111
Tongyang Nie, Tongxuan Dang, Yunfei Guo
{"title":"Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Prospective Memory Under Different Attentional Load Conditions","authors":"Tongyang Nie,&nbsp;Tongxuan Dang,&nbsp;Yunfei Guo","doi":"10.1002/acp.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective memory is the ability to execute delayed intentions at the appropriate moment. Mindfulness meditation serves as a training modality to enhance attentional control and foster a flexible, self-regulated attentional state, which can significantly enhance prospective memory performance through refined attentional control. The study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness meditation on prospective memory and its underlying processing mechanisms under different attentional loads. In the present study, a total of 109 participants were enrolled in a 2 (groups: mindfulness meditation group, control group) × 2 (attentional load: low load, high load) between-subjects design. The results indicated that mindfulness meditation enhances prospective memory performance primarily by improving the prospective component. This positive effect manifests significantly under the low attentional load condition. The findings suggest that mindfulness meditation primarily enhances prospective memory in scenarios with lower attentional demands.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Passenger Decision-Making in Mass Transit Systems: Insights From Dual-Process Theories 公共交通系统中的乘客决策：来自双过程理论的见解
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70112
Archana Prabhakar, Elise Grison, Simone Morgagni, Martin Nöllenburg, Valérie Gyselinck
{"title":"Passenger Decision-Making in Mass Transit Systems: Insights From Dual-Process Theories","authors":"Archana Prabhakar,&nbsp;Elise Grison,&nbsp;Simone Morgagni,&nbsp;Martin Nöllenburg,&nbsp;Valérie Gyselinck","doi":"10.1002/acp.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This experimental study explores how dual-process theories of decision-making may enrich our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms supporting Mass Transit (MT) users' route choices. We examined whether Type 1 (i.e., autonomous and heuristic-based) and Type 2 (i.e., deliberative and criteria-based) processing may explain how on-board crowding information in smartphone route planning apps influences willingness to wait for less crowded routes. The data of 377 participants who completed an online experiment simulating route planning for 35 trips in central Paris were analysed. The willingness to wait phenomenon was found to be driven by two distinct information-processing mechanisms: (1) deliberative evaluation of explicit crowding, waiting, and in-vehicle time information, and (2) autonomous heuristics activated by implicit colour cues associated with green-orange-red crowding levels. The findings of this study highlight passenger crowding as a key route selection criterion and illustrate the relevance of dual-process theories in passengers' decision-making in MT.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uses of Technology to Facilitate Education in Skill Training: Introduction to the Special Issue 利用科技促进技能培训教育：特刊导论
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70085
Sonja P. Brubacher, Martine B. Powell
{"title":"Uses of Technology to Facilitate Education in Skill Training: Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Sonja P. Brubacher,&nbsp;Martine B. Powell","doi":"10.1002/acp.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technology plays a prominent role in contemporary education. In this special issue of Applied Cognitive Psychology, we compiled a collection of articles that employed technological advancements in the training of knowledge and skills. Some articles use simulations, such as virtual environments and 2D and 3D avatars. Other articles compare various presentation modalities and pedagogical agents. Many of the research articles leverage the advantages of technology, such as learning management systems that offer the ability to deliver training bursts and collect user data, automatic immediate feedback, and interactive experiences. In our introduction, we review the important elements of training—with or without technology—through the identification of seven key topics that represent the papers in this special issue: <i>feedback, practice, motivation, levels of learning, cognitive load, simulations,</i> and <i>pedagogical agents.</i> We consider the advantages, disadvantages, and critical principles of technology in education, with an emphasis on skills training.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Baywatch in the Laboratory—Differences in Visual Surveillance Between Lifeguards and Non-Lifeguards 实验室中的海滩守卫——救生员与非救生员视觉监视的差异
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70110
Pieter Vansteenkiste, Jan G. Bourgois, Matthieu Lenoir
{"title":"Baywatch in the Laboratory—Differences in Visual Surveillance Between Lifeguards and Non-Lifeguards","authors":"Pieter Vansteenkiste,&nbsp;Jan G. Bourgois,&nbsp;Matthieu Lenoir","doi":"10.1002/acp.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quickly recognizing distress and drowning is an essential skill for lifeguards. Unfortunately, it is unclear to what extent visual behavior contributes to the ability of a lifeguard to detect hazardous aquatic situations. Twenty-four non-lifeguards and twenty-four beach lifeguards watched two 15-min clips filmed from the perspective of a beach lifeguard. Participants were instructed to press the spacebar if they would undertake an action, and call out why they reacted. No difference in the number of reactions or average fixation duration was found between groups. However, lifeguards looked ‘deeper’ in the sea than non-lifeguards, had a higher variation in gaze location in the horizontal plane, and a lower variation in the vertical plane. For both lifeguards and non-lifeguards, average fixation duration in the 5 s prior to a reaction was longer than the overall average fixation duration. Overall, results show experiential differences in visual behavior between lifeguards and non-lifeguards.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Major Concerns About the False Memory Implantation Paradigm Persist 关于错误记忆植入范式的主要担忧仍然存在
IF 1.8 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70108
Chris R. Brewin, Bernice Andrews
{"title":"Major Concerns About the False Memory Implantation Paradigm Persist","authors":"Chris R. Brewin,&nbsp;Bernice Andrews","doi":"10.1002/acp.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our article ‘Lost in the mall? Interrogating judgements of false memory’ (Andrews and Brewin 2024) was the first to reanalyse transcripts from the false memory implantation paradigm and throw light on the nature of investigator-based judgements of false memory. Commentaries on our report include several misrepresentations of what we did as well as some misconceptions about our methods, results, and conclusions. After addressing these, we discuss persistent concerns about the reliability, validity and generalisability of the paradigm and about the tendency for the results of false memory research to be exaggerated. These exaggerations sometimes later appear in expert witness reports and influence court deliberations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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