Melanie Sauerland, Siegfried L. Sporer, Colin G. Tredoux
{"title":"Police Identifications Are Occasionally More Accurate, but a General Conclusion About Their Performance Is Premature","authors":"Melanie Sauerland, Siegfried L. Sporer, Colin G. Tredoux","doi":"10.1002/acp.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reisberg and Pezdek raise concerns about our study, in which police trainees outperformed civilians on an identification task. They argue that we did not report our results in a sufficiently disaggregated form and that our study does not overturn their earlier conclusion that the superiority of police witnesses is a myth. We maintain that police trainees' identification decisions in our experiment were, on aggregate, more accurate than civilians'. However, we do not claim that the literature generally supports the conclusion that police witnesses are more accurate than civilians when making identifications. The existing literature includes only seven relevant experiments, and two use only target-present lineups. Moderators and confounds may play a role in several studies. We conclude with a call for a systematic review and meta-analysis and encourage future research to consider under-represented jurisdictions and sampling plans to reflect the heterogeneity of the police body.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freda Jia Xin Jong, Alvin Lai Oon Ng, Cheng Kar Phang, Safa Omran, Siew Li Teoh
{"title":"The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Cognitive Functions in Tertiary Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Freda Jia Xin Jong, Alvin Lai Oon Ng, Cheng Kar Phang, Safa Omran, Siew Li Teoh","doi":"10.1002/acp.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are secular trainings shown to enhance cognitive function, but their effectiveness among tertiary students has not been critically evaluated. This review synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials on the impact of MBIs on cognitive improvement in tertiary students. Databases including Medline and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials. Twenty-six trials were included, with 17 pooled for meta-analysis. Participants, mostly without mental health issues or prior meditation experience, underwent cognitive assessments on attention, memory, executive function, perception, and learning. The MBIs ranged from one session to 8 weeks in duration. The evidence quality was generally low. Significant improvements were found in the “orienting” subdomain of attention (MD −8.12, 95% CI: −14.18, −2.05) and “episodic memory”: (SMD 0.93, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.53). These findings suggest that MBIs can enhance attention and memory in tertiary students, indicating potential benefits of integrating mindfulness training into university education systems.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> PROSPERO: CRD42020170393.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Victim Physical Maturity and Judicial Instruction on Jury Decision Making in Child Sexual Abuse Cases","authors":"Jaylan Melek Aliev, Kayla A. Burd, Mary Kate Koch","doi":"10.1002/acp.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study investigated the relationship between victim physical maturity and judicial instruction on the outcomes of child sexual abuse (CSA) trials. We employed a 2 (Victim physical maturity: Less mature vs. More mature) × 2 (Judicial instruction: Psychosocial-specific instruction vs. General instruction) between-subjects design. Participants read a vignette detailing a case of CSA, render a verdict, and respond to case-related measures (e.g., victim credibility, perceptions of psychosocial maturity, responsibility). Results indicated that jurors favored prepubescent looking victims, as compared to postpubescent looking victims. Moreover, results indicated psychosocial-specific judicial instruction led to increased positive perceptions of the victim regardless of pubertal status. This research has important implications for the conviction rates in CSA trials involving older and more mature looking victims.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erdem Onan, Arif Onan, Ezgi Ozgun, Semra Gundogdu, Hicran Bektas, Anique B. H. de Bruin
{"title":"Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Lung Auscultation Through Interleaved Practice: A Quasi-Experimental Field Study","authors":"Erdem Onan, Arif Onan, Ezgi Ozgun, Semra Gundogdu, Hicran Bektas, Anique B. H. de Bruin","doi":"10.1002/acp.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health professions educators are increasingly encouraged to implement <i>desirable difficulties</i> in their instruction, such as interleaved practice. In practical context, however, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the (meta)cognitive benefits of desirable difficulties, and interleaved practice in particular, posing a challenge to theoretical propositions. In this quasi-experimental field study, we examined the effectiveness of interleaved practice in auscultation training for second-year nursing students, with a focus on their learning outcomes and relative monitoring accuracy. Over 3 weeks, we measured participants' immediate and delayed-test scores, monitoring accuracy, and metacognitive knowledge of blocked and interleaved practice. Results revealed that interleaved practice yielded better auscultation performance than blocked practice. Regarding metacognitive accuracy, however, we found no statistically significant benefit of interleaving. Many students were unaware of the learning benefits of interleaved practice and found it more effortful than blocking. Our findings indicate that interleaved practice is a viable instructional method that can be utilized in authentic environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro J. Estudillo, Chang Hong Liu, Emma Portch
{"title":"The Effect of Face Masks on the Recognition of Own- and Other-Race Faces","authors":"Alejandro J. Estudillo, Chang Hong Liu, Emma Portch","doi":"10.1002/acp.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The other race-effect (ORE), the tendency to identify more accurately own- than other-race faces, is typically attributed to diminished holistic or configural processing for other-race faces. However, other accounts suggest that the ORE can be mediated when observers specifically focus on particular facial features. For example, Black observers do not show an ORE for White faces when they attend to the eye region. This study examines these accounts when surgical face masks naturally occlude the lower region of the face, which may both disrupt holistic processing and facilitate or hamper selective feature processing, dependent on the race of the face. Overall, our experiments showed that face masks disrupted the identification of both own- and other-race faces. In addition, internal meta-analyses showed that this effect was slightly larger for own- than other-race faces, providing more support for the holistic processing account of the ORE.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chrysanthi Nega, Panagiotis Kourtesis, Athanasios Krystallis, Lena Pateraki
{"title":"Uncorking Wine Choices Through Schema Theory: The Impact of Producer Familiarity and Nontraditional Labels","authors":"Chrysanthi Nega, Panagiotis Kourtesis, Athanasios Krystallis, Lena Pateraki","doi":"10.1002/acp.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aims to illustrate how schema theory can serve as a cohesive framework for understanding consumers' preferences for wine labels. It explores the impact of humorous wine labels on consumers' purchase decision processes. Additionally, the role of familiarity bias is investigated using producer-name labels. A total of 360 Greek participants were surveyed online and exposed to combinations of humorous, nature-related, and producer-name labels. Responses were assessed in terms of perceived quality, purchase intention, and willingness to pay the quoted price. The findings revealed that humorous labels negatively affected perceived quality and purchase decisions, supporting schema theory. Following the familiarity bias, familiar producer names positively influenced buying and payment intentions. This study employs a cognitive framework to enhance the understanding of consumers' buying decision patterns in the context of wine labels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tristan H. S. de Jonge, Anna Berti, Sanne van Schijndel, Margot van Wermeskerken, Ellen Kok
{"title":"Unraveling Coherence: The Impact of Image-Relatedness in Concept Learning","authors":"Tristan H. S. de Jonge, Anna Berti, Sanne van Schijndel, Margot van Wermeskerken, Ellen Kok","doi":"10.1002/acp.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The coherence principle suggests removing unnecessary—or seductive—content from educational texts to reduce cognitive load. However, the binary proposition that all seductive details should be excluded neglects images' potential to prime semantically related concepts, which makes texts easier to process. It was hypothesized that this priming would cause at least tangentially related images to enhance processing and recall of concepts. Participants learned 24 concepts under four conditions: direct depictions, tangentially related and unrelated images, and no image. Participants' fixation durations on concepts, their complementing sentences and images, and recall performance were measured. Multilevel models revealed that coherence effects were only present for unrelated images and that images that are at least tangentially related facilitated learning. These effects were unaffected by participants' familiarity with concepts. The study concludes that semantically related images may outweigh their cognitive load, suggesting that educators should consider their priming potential when designing instructional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Vibration Mode Is Disruptive: The Effect of Other-Owned Smartphone Vibrations on Memory","authors":"Luisa F. Henao, Karlos Luna, Sara Cadavid","doi":"10.1002/acp.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive effects of smartphones have become a relevant research area. In two experiments, we investigated the effect of other-owned phone vibrations on long-term memory in undergraduate Colombian students. Participants watched an educational video while a nearby experimenter-owned smartphone emitted vibrations at specific moments. After a few minutes, their memory for video content with and without vibrations was assessed. In Experiment 1, memory showed no significant effect of vibrations, but a non-significant directional trend suggested potential disruption in memory regarding vibrating notifications. In Experiment 2, we adjusted some parameters and added a metamemory measure. We found a significantly worse memory performance and lower confidence on questions with vibrations. Experiment 2 also included a media-multitasking measure that showed no relation to memory or metamemory results. Our findings provide new data on the effects of silent notifications on memory and metamemory, highlighting the potential disruption of nearby phones.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Average Joe, a Laptop, and a Dream: Assessing the Potency of Homemade Political Deepfakes","authors":"Gillian Murphy, Didier Ching, Eoghan Meehan, John Twomey, Aaron Bolger, Conor Linehan","doi":"10.1002/acp.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Academic and media commentary suggests that deepfake videos are problematic because they are both more easily created and more potent than previous forms of misinformation. Surprisingly, there is little research that experimentally tests these claims. In this study, we tasked a first-year undergraduate student with quickly creating political deepfakes using easily available online tools. We experimentally compared the effectiveness of misinformation delivered through those deepfake videos against misinformation delivered through text and synthetic audio format (<i>N</i> = 443). Deepfakes were effective at planting false memories for fabricated political scandals and, in some cases, reduced reported voting intention by up to 20%. However, they were not consistently more effective than simple text. In a follow-up study (<i>N</i> = 300), we confirmed that we effectively debriefed participants and caused no lasting measurable changes to their beliefs or memories. We encourage further critical study of the novel properties of deepfake technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zonghua Shi, Jennifer Shearon, Elena M. Kaufman, Andy Y. Lu, Alexis M. Suarez, Natalie M. Rogler, Miranda R. Miller, Emily R. Cohen-Shikora
{"title":"Mitigating the Illusory Truth Effect Through a Novel Educational Intervention","authors":"Zonghua Shi, Jennifer Shearon, Elena M. Kaufman, Andy Y. Lu, Alexis M. Suarez, Natalie M. Rogler, Miranda R. Miller, Emily R. Cohen-Shikora","doi":"10.1002/acp.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Illusory Truth Effect (ITE) is a cognitive bias wherein participants rate repeated statements as more truthful relative to new statements. Although this effect may be less adaptive in our current media climate, where repeated information can circulate easily, few studies have examined how to mitigate or reduce it. In the current studies, we examined whether a novel intervention, consisting of a warning that some statements may be false and an engaging educational video on the ITE, may reduce or eliminate the ITE. Across three experiments, we found evidence for a robust ITE in the control group. However, we found an elimination of the ITE in the experimental group, offering insight on the potential of warning and education to eliminate the ITE that may be applicable to real-life settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}