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Improving Questioning Skills and Use of Supportive Statements in Simulated Child Sexual Abuse Interviews
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70031
Shumpei Haginoya, Yongjie Sun, Shota Yamamoto, Hazuki Mizushi, Naruyo Yoshimoto, Pekka Santtila
{"title":"Improving Questioning Skills and Use of Supportive Statements in Simulated Child Sexual Abuse Interviews","authors":"Shumpei Haginoya,&nbsp;Yongjie Sun,&nbsp;Shota Yamamoto,&nbsp;Hazuki Mizushi,&nbsp;Naruyo Yoshimoto,&nbsp;Pekka Santtila","doi":"10.1002/acp.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the simultaneous training of questioning skills and supportive statements through simulated child sexual abuse (CSA) interviews paired with feedback. Eighty inexperienced participants were divided into four groups: no feedback, feedback on question types and case outcomes, feedback on supportive statements, and the combination of all feedback types. Each participant conducted four online simulated CSA interviews with child avatars. Results showed that combined feedback improved both questioning skills and supportive statements, demonstrating the potential for simultaneous multi-skill training. The proportion of recommended questions increased by 20%–30% on average, while supportive statements increased two- to four-fold. However, combined training showed slightly lower improvements compared with single-skill training suggesting the presence of a trade-off. These findings highlight the importance of personalized feedback and suggest that initial separate training for single skills or additional interventions may enhance multi-skill training effectiveness, contributing to more effective interviewer training programs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship Between Bullshit, Cognitive Skills, and Belief Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70029
Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez, Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi, Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina, Javier Escudero-Pastén, Fabiola Salas
{"title":"Relationship Between Bullshit, Cognitive Skills, and Belief Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review","authors":"Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez,&nbsp;Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina,&nbsp;Javier Escudero-Pastén,&nbsp;Fabiola Salas","doi":"10.1002/acp.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bullshit—verbal statements with little or no concern for the truth—has sparked a growing interest in individual traits, with an increase in the number of studies aimed at understanding why people are more receptive to this type of false information. This review seeks to identify variables associated with bullshit receptivity. To this end, a meta-analysis was conducted using two databases (Web of Science and Scopus). From 451 articles reviewed, those that met the inclusion criteria were included in 12 meta-analyses. The results (<i>k</i> = 46) confirmed direct associations between bullshit receptivity and factors such as motivational quotes, mundane statements, confabulations, conspiracy mentality, religious and paranormal beliefs, and/or faith in intuition. Additionally, receptivity was indirectly associated with cognitive reflection tests, verbal intelligence, and numerical abilities. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and identify key variables that could help mitigate bullshit receptivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Initial Practice Performance Moderates the Distributed Practice Effect in Complex Procedural Knowledge
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70032
Sterre K. Ruitenburg, Pieter Guldemont, Paul A. Kirschner, Halszka Jarodzka, Gino Camp
{"title":"Initial Practice Performance Moderates the Distributed Practice Effect in Complex Procedural Knowledge","authors":"Sterre K. Ruitenburg,&nbsp;Pieter Guldemont,&nbsp;Paul A. Kirschner,&nbsp;Halszka Jarodzka,&nbsp;Gino Camp","doi":"10.1002/acp.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Successful adoption of proven effective practice strategies such as distributed practice may contribute to much-needed improvement in mathematics performance. However, it is not yet fully understood if distributed practice is beneficial for long-term retention of complex procedural knowledge and, if so, for which initial practice performance level this spacing effect occurs. To investigate these two questions, we used a randomised between-subjects design (Practice Strategy: massed vs. distributed) with 61 primary school students' mathematical problem-solving performance as dependent variable. First, as hypothesised, we found a spacing effect on students' problem-solving performance. Second, again as hypothesised, we found that the magnitude of this spacing effect depended on their initial practice performance. Our findings imply that distributed practice leads to better long-term problem-solving performance than massed practice, but only for students with medium initial practice performance who have not yet completely mastered the task.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Still Lost in the Mall—False Memories Happen and That's What Matters
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70028
Kimberley A. Wade, Paul Riesthuis, Charlotte Bücken, Henry Otgaar, Elizabeth F. Loftus
{"title":"Still Lost in the Mall—False Memories Happen and That's What Matters","authors":"Kimberley A. Wade,&nbsp;Paul Riesthuis,&nbsp;Charlotte Bücken,&nbsp;Henry Otgaar,&nbsp;Elizabeth F. Loftus","doi":"10.1002/acp.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For more than 25 years, psychologists have explored how people can develop rich false memories. Murphy et al. (2023) replicated the original “lost in the mall” study (Loftus and Pickrell 1995), demonstrating that 35% of participants developed false beliefs or memories. Andrews and Brewin (in press) reanalyzed Murphy et al.'s data, concluding that participants who developed false memories reported 25% of the suggested details and 50% of their reports were potentially real memories. Based on this, Andrews and Brewin posited that only 4% of Murphy et al.'s participants developed false memories. We take issue with Andrews and Brewin's conclusions. Given human memory is reconstructive, we should expect participants' reports to contain remnants of accurate memories, self or schematic knowledge, or speculation. Moreover, even low false memory rates can be practically important. What matters is that suggestive influences can lead to substantial memory distortions and even plant new events that had not occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The False Balance Effect: Exploring Partition Dependence as a Potential Explanation
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70025
Tianshuang Han, Brent Snook, Martin V. Day
{"title":"The False Balance Effect: Exploring Partition Dependence as a Potential Explanation","authors":"Tianshuang Han,&nbsp;Brent Snook,&nbsp;Martin V. Day","doi":"10.1002/acp.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>False balance arises when opposing viewpoints about a scientific issue are portrayed as more evenly matched than what the empirical evidence demonstrates. We examined the extent to which partition dependence is the psychological mechanism underlying the false balance effect. Participants (<i>N</i> = 360) read a statement about an interrogation practice (i.e., the use of false evidence ploys) that reached expert consensus, viewed data about the level of the expert consensus, and then assigned randomly to view (a) balanced expert comments in equal proportion on each side (3:3), (b) two-sided comments with more consensus views (5:1), (c) two-sided comments with more contrarian views (1:5), or (d) no comments at all. Results showed that balanced comments distorted perceived expert consensus and that two-sided comments with more consensus views had the largest impact on debiasing perceived expert consensus. We discuss the implications of our findings for science communication efforts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Weaving Bonds: Constructing a Model to Unveil the Role of Relationship Memories in Satisfaction
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70023
Gizem Koc-Arik, Aylin Ozdes
{"title":"Weaving Bonds: Constructing a Model to Unveil the Role of Relationship Memories in Satisfaction","authors":"Gizem Koc-Arik,&nbsp;Aylin Ozdes","doi":"10.1002/acp.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relationship satisfaction is closely tied to various characteristics of recollected past events within romantic relationships. However, our understanding of how distinct characteristics of these memories, individually and collectively are related to satisfaction remains limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between these characteristics and examine their role in relationship satisfaction. Participants recalled two memories from their relationships and rated the memory characteristics. The results revealed relationships between event characteristics and both rehearsal and recollection. Yet, rehearsal did not mediate the relationship between event characteristics and recollection. When relationship satisfaction was incorporated into the model, negative events marked by high emotion and personal significance, were related to increased rehearsal frequency, which in turn was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. However, personally significant negative events also enhanced recollective features, which heightened relationship satisfaction. These findings highlight the crucial role of relationship memories in relationship satisfaction, especially for the negative events.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training Humans to Detect Children's Lies Through Their Facial Expressions
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70024
Alison M. O'Connor, Jennifer Gongola, Kaila C. Bruer, Thomas D. Lyon, Angela D. Evans
{"title":"Training Humans to Detect Children's Lies Through Their Facial Expressions","authors":"Alison M. O'Connor,&nbsp;Jennifer Gongola,&nbsp;Kaila C. Bruer,&nbsp;Thomas D. Lyon,&nbsp;Angela D. Evans","doi":"10.1002/acp.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accurate detection of children's truthful and dishonest reports is essential as children can serve as important providers of information. Research using automated facial coding and machine learning found that children who were asked to lie about an event were more likely to look surprised when hearing the first question during an interview about said event. The present studies explored if humans can be trained to look for surprised expressions to detect children's deception. Participants made lie-detection judgments after seeing children's expressions in very brief clips. In Study 1, we compared performance across a training condition and control condition, and in Study 2 we modified the training. With training, adults could detect children's lies at above-chance levels by viewing their facial expressions. Detection accuracy was further improved with modified training (Study 2), but participants held a consistent lie bias. Challenges with using facial expressions to detect deceit are discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Fake News on Memory for True Events
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70019
Geoffrey L. McKinley, Daniel J. Peterson
{"title":"The Effect of Fake News on Memory for True Events","authors":"Geoffrey L. McKinley,&nbsp;Daniel J. Peterson","doi":"10.1002/acp.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to false information has the potential to impact how people encode subsequent, factual information that is related to the false information. In the current study, we propose an experiment in which participants read a true or false article about the relationship between the strictness of gun laws and gun violence in each state of the U.S. Afterward, stories of actual shootings are shown to participants. Half of the stories have details that are consistent with the false news article, and half of the stories have details that are consistent with the true news article. Following a brief distractor task, participants are asked to recall as much as they can about each story. We hypothesize that details that are consistent with the conclusion of the previously-read article will be remembered better than inconsistent details.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Embodied Cognition and Street-Crossing in Real and Simulated Ageing
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70020
Marie Trouvé, Aurélie Dommes, Simon Lhuillier, Nguyen-Thong Dang, Valérie Gyselinck
{"title":"Embodied Cognition and Street-Crossing in Real and Simulated Ageing","authors":"Marie Trouvé,&nbsp;Aurélie Dommes,&nbsp;Simon Lhuillier,&nbsp;Nguyen-Thong Dang,&nbsp;Valérie Gyselinck","doi":"10.1002/acp.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few studies have explored ageing through the prism of an embodied and situated approach to cognition. Due to its sensorimotor and cognitive components, crossing the street is a good paradigm to tackle this issue. Using an experimental approach, an ageing simulation suit was used to disentangle cognition from its sensorimotor context in 29 young participants compared to 28 young participants and 22 older participants who did not wear the suit. Over three blocks of 34 trials, participants crossed a two-way street in a virtual reality platform. Their visual, auditory and cognitive performances were evaluated. Results showed sensorimotor decreases but no cognitive declines for participants wearing the suit. Interestingly, overall street-crossing performances were altered with the sensorimotor impairments provoked by real as well as simulated ageing. These findings help address the links between sensorimotor and cognitive declines in ageing and demonstrate the relevance of using the GERT suit to simulate ageing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using an AI-Driven Child Chatbot Avatar as a Training Tool for Information Gathering Skills of Dental and Medical Professionals: A Pilot Study
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/acp.70022
Hayley Ko, Ewa A. Szyszko Hovden, Unni-Mette Stamnes Köpp, Miriam S. Johnson, Gunn Astrid Baugerud
{"title":"Using an AI-Driven Child Chatbot Avatar as a Training Tool for Information Gathering Skills of Dental and Medical Professionals: A Pilot Study","authors":"Hayley Ko,&nbsp;Ewa A. Szyszko Hovden,&nbsp;Unni-Mette Stamnes Köpp,&nbsp;Miriam S. Johnson,&nbsp;Gunn Astrid Baugerud","doi":"10.1002/acp.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Healthcare professionals often receive limited training in information gathering, especially for cases of suspected child maltreatment. This pilot study evaluated a brief interview training program using an artificial intelligence-driven child avatar chatbot to simulate realistic encounters with children. GPT-3 and one-shot prompting were used to simulate an 8-year-old girl who was allegedly subjected to violence. A pretest-posttest design assessed the program's impact, with all participants (<i>n</i> = 18) receiving a video lecture and indirect feedback on their questions based on the avatar's responses. One group (<i>n</i> = 10) received direct feedback on their use of open and closed questions, along with examples after each interview. Results showed no significant improvement in interviewing behaviour, regardless of feedback condition. This study highlights the need for further development and tailoring of training programs to better support healthcare professionals in cases of suspected child abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":48281,"journal":{"name":"Applied Cognitive Psychology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/acp.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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