Public Understanding of Science最新文献_第8页

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231203470

James Riley, Will Mason-Wilkes

{"title":"Dark citizen science.","authors":"James Riley, Will Mason-Wilkes","doi":"10.1177/09636625231203470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231203470","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen science is often celebrated. We interrogate this position through exploration of socio-technoscientific phenomena that mirror citizen science yet are disaligned with its ideals. We term this 'Dark Citizen Science'. We identify five conceptual dimensions of citizen science - purpose, process, perceptibility, power and public effect. Dark citizen science mirrors traditional citizen science in purpose and process but diverges in perceptibility, power and public effect. We compare two Internet-based categorisation processes, Citizen Science project Galaxy Zoo and Dark Citizen Science project Google's reCAPTCHA. We highlight that the reader has, likely unknowingly, provided unpaid technoscientific labour to Google. We apply insights from our analysis of dark citizen science to traditional citizen science. Linking citizen science as practice and normative democratic ideal ignores how some science-citizen configurations actively pit practice against ideal. Further, failure to fully consider the implications of citizen science for science and society allows exploitative elements of citizen science to evade the sociological gaze.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"142-157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10832315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Media framings of the role of genomics in "addiction" in the United States from 2015 to 2019: Individualized risk, biomedical expertise, and the limits of destigmatization. 2015 至 2019 年媒体对基因组学在美国 "成瘾 "问题中的作用的描述：个性化风险、生物医学专业知识和去污名化的局限性。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231190743

Katherine Hendy

引用次数: 0

Autonomy and bioethics in fan responses to Orphan Black. 粉丝对《黑色孤儿》反应中的自主性和生命伦理学。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231187321

Ayden Eilmus, Avery Bradley, Jay Clayton

{"title":"Autonomy and bioethics in fan responses to Orphan Black.","authors":"Ayden Eilmus, Avery Bradley, Jay Clayton","doi":"10.1177/09636625231187321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231187321","url":null,"abstract":"Viewers' responses to Orphan Black (2013-2017), a popular, genetics-themed sci-fi television series, reveal much about public understanding of the ethical challenges associated with genetic science. In this article, we assess how fans of Orphan Black process the bioethical themes that are prominent in the show through an analysis of 182 viewer-created blog posts. Using a mixed methods approach, our findings reveal that Orphan Black's fans distill the essence of the show down to its characters' fight for autonomy. Furthermore, fan blogs reveal two notable pathways through which this bioethical principle is explored: gender and reproduction. Viewers draw striking connections between the moral problems they observe on screen in Orphan Black and those they see in the real world-both today and in a possible future-particularly as those problems affect women. While existing scholarship acknowledges these themes in the show itself, our approach demonstrates science fiction fans' active participation in meaning-making and bioethical reasoning and offers a novel approach to studying fan-generated content for public understanding of science research.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"174-188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10832314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10004953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When experts matter: Variations in consensus messaging for vaccine and genetically modified organism safety. 专家很重要：疫苗和转基因生物安全共识信息的差异。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231188594

Benjamin A Lyons, Vittorio Mérola, Jason Reifler, Anna Katharina Spälti, Christine Stedtnitz, Florian Stoeckel

{"title":"When experts matter: Variations in consensus messaging for vaccine and genetically modified organism safety.","authors":"Benjamin A Lyons, Vittorio Mérola, Jason Reifler, Anna Katharina Spälti, Christine Stedtnitz, Florian Stoeckel","doi":"10.1177/09636625231188594","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231188594","url":null,"abstract":"Does consensus messaging about contested science issues influence perceptions of consensus and/or personal beliefs? This question remains open, particularly for topics other than climate change and samples outside the United States. In a Spanish national sample (N = 5087), we use preregistered survey experiments to examine differential efficacy of variations in consensus messaging for vaccines and genetically modified organisms. We find that no variation of consensus messaging influences vaccine beliefs. For genetically modified organisms, about which misperceptions are particularly prevalent in our sample, we find that scientific consensus messaging increases perception of consensus and personal belief that genetically modified organisms are safe, and decreases support for a ban. Increasing degree of consensus did not have consistent effects. Although individual differences (e.g. a conspiratorial worldview) predict these genetically modified organism beliefs, they do not undercut consensus message effects. While we observe relatively modest effect sizes, consensus messaging may be able to improve the accuracy of beliefs about some contentious topics.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"210-226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10030130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engaging the dismissive: An assessment of humor-based strategies to support global warming action. 让不屑一顾者参与进来：评估支持全球变暖行动的幽默策略。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231186785

Meaghan McKasy, Michael A Cacciatore, Sara K Yeo, Jennifer Shiyue Zhang, John Cook, Rhoda Olaleye, Leona Yi-Fan Su

引用次数: 0

Does knowledge make a difference? Understanding how the lay public and experts assess the credibility of information on novel foods. 知识会产生影响吗？了解普通公众和专家如何评估新型食品信息的可信度。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231191348

Mengxue Ou, Shirley S Ho

引用次数: 0

The divide so wide: Public perspectives on the role of human genome editing in the US healthcare system. 鸿沟如此之大：公众对人类基因组编辑在美国医疗保健系统中的作用的看法。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231189955

John P Nelson, David C Tomblin, Avery Barbera, Melissa Smallwood

{"title":"The divide so wide: Public perspectives on the role of human genome editing in the US healthcare system.","authors":"John P Nelson, David C Tomblin, Avery Barbera, Melissa Smallwood","doi":"10.1177/09636625231189955","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231189955","url":null,"abstract":"We report findings from two open-framed focus groups eliciting informed public opinion about the rapidly developing technology of human genome editing in the context of the US healthcare system. Results reveal that participants take a dim view of the present healthcare system, articulating extensive concerns about the accessibility and affordability of care. They feel that, unless these problems are resolved, they stand little chance of benefiting from any eventual human genome editing treatments. They prioritize improvement in healthcare access well above human genome editing development, and human genome editing regulation and oversight above human genome editing research. These results reveal substantial divergence between public perspectives and expert discourse on human genome editing. The latter attends primarily to the moral permissibility of technical categories of human genome editing research and how to treat human genome editing within existing regulatory and oversight systems rather than broader political-economic and healthcare access concerns. This divergence illustrates the importance of openly framed public engagement around emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"189-209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10084979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between data providers and concerned citizens: Exploring participation in precision public health in Switzerland. 在数据提供者和相关公民之间：瑞士精准公共卫生的参与探索。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231183265

Nolwenn Bühler, Annika Frahsa, Réjane Morand Bourqui, Natalie Von Götz, Murielle Bochud, Francesco Panese

{"title":"Between data providers and concerned citizens: Exploring participation in precision public health in Switzerland.","authors":"Nolwenn Bühler, Annika Frahsa, Réjane Morand Bourqui, Natalie Von Götz, Murielle Bochud, Francesco Panese","doi":"10.1177/09636625231183265","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231183265","url":null,"abstract":"This empirical article explores the dynamics of exchange and reciprocity between cohorters, that is, study organizers, and cohortees, that is, study participants. Drawing on literature on bioeconomy and valuation, we analyze cohortees' expectations in return for the \"clinical labor\" they perform in the pilot phase of a Swiss precision public health study. Based on an ethnography of this cohort and data from seven focus groups with cohortees (n = 37), we identified four positions: (1) the good citizen participant, (2) the critical participant, (3) the concerned participant, and (4) the self-oriented participant. These reveal that cohortees' participation, still framed in altruistic terms, nevertheless engages expectations about reciprocal obligations of the state and science in terms of public health, confirming the deep entanglement of gift-based, financial, and moral economies of participation. The different values emerging from these expectations-robust scientific evidence about environmental exposure and a socially oriented public health-provide rich indications about stake making which might matter for the future of precision public health.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facts do not speak for themselves: Community norms, dialog, and evidentiary practices in discussions of COVID-19 on Reddit. 事实胜于雄辩：Reddit 上关于 COVID-19 的讨论中的社区规范、对话和证据实践。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231178428

Mark Felton, Ellen Middaugh, Henry Fan

{"title":"Facts do not speak for themselves: Community norms, dialog, and evidentiary practices in discussions of COVID-19 on Reddit.","authors":"Mark Felton, Ellen Middaugh, Henry Fan","doi":"10.1177/09636625231178428","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231178428","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sought to explore the distinct discourse norms and evidentiary practices in discussions of COVID-19 in four subcommunities on Reddit. Qualitative analysis found that communities differed in the degree to which they reinforce and augment Reddit's platform-wide norms for dialog and evidence use. One of the three communities (r/AskTrumpSupporters) differed from the rest by establishing discourse norms for turn-taking between politically opposed users and structuring dialog around authentic questions aimed at understanding alternative points of view. Quantitative analyses revealed that this community significantly differed from the other communities in the proportion of dialogic exchanges and in the use of evidentiary practices (sourcing, source evaluation, and interpretation of evidence). Excerpts of dialog from this community are used to illustrate findings. We conclude with implications for educators interested in preparing youth to critically engage with scientific information they encounter in public discourse.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"20-36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333560/pdf/10.1177_09636625231178428.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9760404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The positive association of education with the trust in science and scientists is weaker in highly corrupt countries. 在腐败严重的国家，教育与对科学和科学家的信任之间的正相关关系较弱。

IF 4.1 2区文学

Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231176935

Sinan Alper, Busra Elif Yelbuz, Sumeyra Bengisu Akkurt, Onurcan Yilmaz

引用次数: 0