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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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Book review: Joseph E. Harmon and Alan G. Gross The Many Voices of Modern Physics: Written Communication Practices of Key Discoveries 书评：约瑟夫-E-哈蒙和艾伦-G-格罗斯《现代物理学的多种声音》：关键发现的书面交流实践
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231225274
Felicity Mellor
{"title":"Book review: Joseph E. Harmon and Alan G. Gross The Many Voices of Modern Physics: Written Communication Practices of Key Discoveries","authors":"Felicity Mellor","doi":"10.1177/09636625231225274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625231225274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between data providers and concerned citizens: Exploring participation in precision public health in Switzerland. 在数据提供者和相关公民之间：瑞士精准公共卫生的参与探索。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231183265
Nolwenn Bühler, Annika Frahsa, Réjane Morand Bourqui, Natalie Von Götz, Murielle Bochud, Francesco Panese
{"title":"Between data providers and concerned citizens: Exploring participation in precision public health in Switzerland.","authors":"Nolwenn Bühler, Annika Frahsa, Réjane Morand Bourqui, Natalie Von Götz, Murielle Bochud, Francesco Panese","doi":"10.1177/09636625231183265","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231183265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This empirical article explores the dynamics of exchange and reciprocity between cohorters, that is, study organizers, and cohortees, that is, study participants. Drawing on literature on bioeconomy and valuation, we analyze cohortees' expectations in return for the \"clinical labor\" they perform in the pilot phase of a Swiss precision public health study. Based on an ethnography of this cohort and data from seven focus groups with cohortees (<i>n</i> = 37), we identified four positions: (1) the good citizen participant, (2) the critical participant, (3) the concerned participant, and (4) the self-oriented participant. These reveal that cohortees' participation, still framed in altruistic terms, nevertheless engages expectations about reciprocal obligations of the state and science in terms of public health, confirming the deep entanglement of gift-based, financial, and moral economies of participation. The different values emerging from these expectations-robust scientific evidence about environmental exposure and a socially oriented public health-provide rich indications about stake making which might matter for the future of precision public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The positive association of education with the trust in science and scientists is weaker in highly corrupt countries. 在腐败严重的国家，教育与对科学和科学家的信任之间的正相关关系较弱。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231176935
Sinan Alper, Busra Elif Yelbuz, Sumeyra Bengisu Akkurt, Onurcan Yilmaz
{"title":"The positive association of education with the trust in science and scientists is weaker in highly corrupt countries.","authors":"Sinan Alper, Busra Elif Yelbuz, Sumeyra Bengisu Akkurt, Onurcan Yilmaz","doi":"10.1177/09636625231176935","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231176935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most prominent correlates of trust in science and scientists is education level, possibly because educated individuals have higher levels of science knowledge and thinking ability, suggesting that trusting science and scientists relies more on reflective thinking abilities. However, it is relatively more reasonable for highly educated individuals to suspect authority figures in highly corrupt countries. We tested this prediction in two nationally representative and probabilistic cross-cultural data sets (Study 1: 142 countries, <i>N</i> = 40,085; Study 2: 47 countries, <i>N</i> = 69,332), and found that the positive association between education and trust in scientists (Study 1) and science (Study 2) was weaker or non-existent in highly corrupt countries. The results did not change after statistically controlling for age, sex, household income, and residence. We suggest future research to be more considerate of the societal context in understanding how education status correlates with trust in science and scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9613833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facts do not speak for themselves: Community norms, dialog, and evidentiary practices in discussions of COVID-19 on Reddit. 事实胜于雄辩：Reddit 上关于 COVID-19 的讨论中的社区规范、对话和证据实践。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231178428
Mark Felton, Ellen Middaugh, Henry Fan
{"title":"Facts do not speak for themselves: Community norms, dialog, and evidentiary practices in discussions of COVID-19 on Reddit.","authors":"Mark Felton, Ellen Middaugh, Henry Fan","doi":"10.1177/09636625231178428","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231178428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study sought to explore the distinct discourse norms and evidentiary practices in discussions of COVID-19 in four subcommunities on Reddit. Qualitative analysis found that communities differed in the degree to which they reinforce and augment Reddit's platform-wide norms for dialog and evidence use. One of the three communities (r/AskTrumpSupporters) differed from the rest by establishing discourse norms for turn-taking between politically opposed users and structuring dialog around authentic questions aimed at understanding alternative points of view. Quantitative analyses revealed that this community significantly differed from the other communities in the proportion of dialogic exchanges and in the use of evidentiary practices (sourcing, source evaluation, and interpretation of evidence). Excerpts of dialog from this community are used to illustrate findings. We conclude with implications for educators interested in preparing youth to critically engage with scientific information they encounter in public discourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333560/pdf/10.1177_09636625231178428.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9760404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The political leaning of the neuroscience discourse about school education in the French press from 2000 to 2020. 2000 年至 2020 年法国新闻界关于学校教育的神经科学论述的政治倾向。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231183650
Cédric Brun, Marie Penavayre, Francois Gonon
{"title":"The political leaning of the neuroscience discourse about school education in the French press from 2000 to 2020.","authors":"Cédric Brun, Marie Penavayre, Francois Gonon","doi":"10.1177/09636625231183650","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231183650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Political actors pay attention to newspapers because they stimulate them to address a topic, reflect public opinion, provide feedback to their decisions, and help them to generate effective messages. Previous surveys showed that this is true for scientific issues. It follows that the newspaper coverage of scientific issues should appear as politically oriented, as observed regarding climate change. Here, we tested this prediction regarding educational neuroscience. This scientific issue is interesting because it implies no major economic interest and because the relevance of neuroscience regarding teaching in the classroom is still highly controversial. As hypothesized, we observed that the French press appeared strongly polarized: the right-leaning press was mostly favorable to educational neuroscience, whereas critical opinions were mainly found in the social-democrat press. Although the relevance of neuroscience toward teaching was rarely discussed in scientific arguments, political actors often invoked educational neuroscience in the press to legitimate their decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictors of young people's anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行背景下年轻人反疫苗态度的预测因素。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231179830
Lucrezia Crescenzi-Lanna, Riccardo Valente, Silvia Cataldi, Fabrizio Martire
{"title":"Predictors of young people's anti-vaccine attitudes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Lucrezia Crescenzi-Lanna, Riccardo Valente, Silvia Cataldi, Fabrizio Martire","doi":"10.1177/09636625231179830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231179830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this research was to explore how attitudes to science and scientists may be related to anti-vax positions and whether the psychological trait known as Need for Closure may influence the relationship between any or all of these attitudes. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1128 young people aged 18-25 living in Italy during the COVID-19 health crisis. Based on the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which allowed the extraction of a three-factor solution (scepticism about science, unrealistic expectations about science and anti-vax postures), we tested our hypotheses by means of a structural equation model. We found that anti-vax positions are strongly correlated with sceptical views of science, while unrealistic expectations about science affect attitudes to vaccination only indirectly. Either way, Need for Closure emerged as a key variable in our model, as it significantly moderates the effect of both factors on anti-vax positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311370/pdf/10.1177_09636625231179830.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9746482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19 coverage from six network and cable news sources in the United States: Representation of misinformation, correction, and portrayals of severity. 美国六个网络和有线新闻来源对 COVID-19 的报道：错误信息的代表性、纠正和严重性描述。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231179588
Erin K Maloney, Allie J White, Litty Samuel, Michele Boehm, Amy Bleakley
{"title":"COVID-19 coverage from six network and cable news sources in the United States: Representation of misinformation, correction, and portrayals of severity.","authors":"Erin K Maloney, Allie J White, Litty Samuel, Michele Boehm, Amy Bleakley","doi":"10.1177/09636625231179588","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231179588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States is marked by divisions in perceptions of disease severity as well as misperceptions about the virus and vaccine that vary along ideological and political party lines. Perceptual differences may be due to differences in the information about the virus that individuals are exposed to within their own identity-affirming ideological news bubbles. This content analysis of six different national network transcripts highlights differences in coverage of severity, and the prevalence of misinformation and its correction that are consistent with previously established preferred news channels of conservatives/Republicans and liberals/Democrats and their perceptions and misperceptions about the pandemic. Results contribute to the growing body of country-specific COVID-19 media studies that allow for comparisons across nations with different cultures and media systems, as these factors play a pivotal role in national responses and experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333563/pdf/10.1177_09636625231179588.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9772881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indicators of trustworthiness in lay-friendly research summaries: Scientificness surpasses easiness. 非专业研究摘要的可信度指标：科学性超越简易性
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231176377
Mark Jonas, Martin Kerwer, Anita Chasiotis, Tom Rosman
{"title":"Indicators of trustworthiness in lay-friendly research summaries: Scientificness surpasses easiness.","authors":"Mark Jonas, Martin Kerwer, Anita Chasiotis, Tom Rosman","doi":"10.1177/09636625231176377","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231176377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lay readers' trust in scientific texts can be shaped by perceived text easiness and scientificness. The two effects seem vital in a time of rapid science information sharing, yet have so far only been examined separately. A preregistered online study was conducted to assess them jointly, to probe for author and text trustworthiness overlap, and to investigate interindividual influences on the effects. <i>N</i> = 1467 lay readers read four short research summaries, with easiness and scientificness (high vs low) being experimentally varied. A more scientific writing style led to higher perceived author and text trustworthiness. Higher personal justification belief, lower justification by multiple-sources belief, and lower need for cognitive closure attenuated the influence of scientificness on trustworthiness. However, text easiness showed no influence on trustworthiness and no interaction with text scientificness. Implications for future studies and suggestions for enhancing the perceived trustworthiness of research summaries are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9580185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Threatening experts: Correlates of viewing scientists as a social threat. 威胁专家：将科学家视为社会威胁的相关因素。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231183115
Sedona Chinn, Ariel Hasell, Jessica Roden, Brianna Zichettella
{"title":"Threatening experts: Correlates of viewing scientists as a social threat.","authors":"Sedona Chinn, Ariel Hasell, Jessica Roden, Brianna Zichettella","doi":"10.1177/09636625231183115","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231183115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite widespread trust in scientists, efforts to curtail their influence suggest some Americans distrust scientists and may even perceive them to be a social threat. Using panel survey data, we examine who holds this viewpoint and potential implications of threat perceptions. Results suggest Republicans and Evangelical identifying individuals perceived more social threat from scientists. News media uses were associated with threat perceptions in divergent ways. Threat perceptions were strongly associated with inaccurate science beliefs, support for excluding scientists from policy-making, and retributive actions toward scientists. Findings highlight the importance of social identity considerations amid concerns about partisan social sorting and politicization of science.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: Brandon R. Brown Sharing Our Science: How to Write and Speak STEM 书评：布兰登-R-布朗分享我们的科学：如何撰写和讲述 STEM
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231220758
Anna Maria Fleetwood
{"title":"Book review: Brandon R. Brown Sharing Our Science: How to Write and Speak STEM","authors":"Anna Maria Fleetwood","doi":"10.1177/09636625231220758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625231220758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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