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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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When the future of science journalism looked bright: The first Ibero-American Congress of Science Journalism (Venezuela, 1974) and its role in strengthening the profession.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241300392
Luisa Massarani, Danilo Magalhães
{"title":"When the future of science journalism looked bright: The first Ibero-American Congress of Science Journalism (Venezuela, 1974) and its role in strengthening the profession.","authors":"Luisa Massarani, Danilo Magalhães","doi":"10.1177/09636625241300392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241300392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241300392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explainable AI and trust: How news media shapes public support for AI-powered autonomous passenger drones.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241291192
Justin C Cheung, Shirley S Ho
{"title":"Explainable AI and trust: How news media shapes public support for AI-powered autonomous passenger drones.","authors":"Justin C Cheung, Shirley S Ho","doi":"10.1177/09636625241291192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241291192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study delves into the intricate relationships between attention to AI in news media, perceived AI explainability, trust in AI, and public support for autonomous passenger drones. Using structural equation modelling (<i>N</i> = 1,002), we found significant associations between perceived AI explainability and all trust dimensions (i.e., performance, purpose, process). Additionally, we revealed that the public acquired the perception of AI explainability through attention to AI in the news media. Consequently, we found that when the public pondered upon support for autonomous passenger drones, only the trust in performance dimension was relevant. Our findings underscore the importance of ensuring explainability for the public and highlight the pivotal role of news media in shaping public perceptions in emerging AI technologies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241291192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rapidly diverging public trust in science in the United States.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241302970
Manjana Milkoreit, E Keith Smith
{"title":"Rapidly diverging public trust in science in the United States.","authors":"Manjana Milkoreit, E Keith Smith","doi":"10.1177/09636625241302970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241302970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust in science is crucial to resolving societal problems. Americans across political ideologies have high levels of trust in science-a stable pattern observed over the past 50 years. Yet, trust in science varies by individual and group characteristics and faces several threats, from political actors, increased political polarization, or global crises. We revisit historical trends of trust in science among Americans by political orientation. We find steadily diverging trends by political views since the 1990s, and a drastically and rapidly opening gap since 2018. Recent unprecedented changes are driven not only by decreases in trust among conservatives but also by increases among liberals. Existing theoretical accounts do not fully explain these patterns. Diverging attitudes toward the institution of science can diminish capacity for collective problem-solving, eroding the shared foundation for decision-making and political discourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241302970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The gender gap in expert voices: Evidence from economics.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241282162
Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Sarah Smith
{"title":"The gender gap in expert voices: Evidence from economics.","authors":"Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Sarah Smith","doi":"10.1177/09636625241282162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241282162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In economics, as in other domains, male experts are overrepresented in public debates. The underlying reason for this is unclear. A demand-side explanation is that female experts are less frequently asked to give their opinion; a supply-side explanation is that, conditional on being asked, female experts are less willing to give their opinion. Analysing an existing panel of expert economists, all asked for their opinions on a broad range of issues, we find evidence of a supply-side gap: male panel members are more likely to give an opinion, and this is the case in all fields of economics and on both in-field and out-of-field topics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241282162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1997: "Your genes, your choices" and public education about the ethical, legal and social issues of the Human Genome Project.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241300390
Charnell Peters
{"title":"1997: \"Your genes, your choices\" and public education about the ethical, legal and social issues of the Human Genome Project.","authors":"Charnell Peters","doi":"10.1177/09636625241300390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241300390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241300390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does the French press handle a controversial biotechnology? A psychosocial study of media coverage of human genome editing.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241286375
Thibaud Marmorat, Solveig Lelaurain, Yuri Sá Oliveira Sousa, Thémis Apostolidis
{"title":"How does the French press handle a controversial biotechnology? A psychosocial study of media coverage of human genome editing.","authors":"Thibaud Marmorat, Solveig Lelaurain, Yuri Sá Oliveira Sousa, Thémis Apostolidis","doi":"10.1177/09636625241286375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241286375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of techniques for the modification of the human genome gives rise to heterogeneous communications and representations and is a relevant object for studying the dissemination of scientific innovations within society. Situated within the framework of social representations theory, our study aims to investigate the thematic dimensions of the public debate-as occurring in the French press-on the edition of human embryos. We conducted a lexicometric study of 343 French press articles with a hierarchical descending classification analysis and a correspondence analysis. Results indicate an evolution in the media treatment of human genome editing, from a popularization perspective to a focus on ethical and legislative aspects of genome editing. This study attempts to shed light on the structure and dynamics of information and meanings associated with human genome editing by analyzing the context in which communications surrounding genetic editing are situated and produced.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241286375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of scientific conspiracy theories on scepticism towards biotechnologies.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241300896
Mathew D Marques, John R Kerr, Arthur A Stukas, Jim McLennan
{"title":"The effect of scientific conspiracy theories on scepticism towards biotechnologies.","authors":"Mathew D Marques, John R Kerr, Arthur A Stukas, Jim McLennan","doi":"10.1177/09636625241300896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241300896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many conspiracy theories implicate scientists and science. We investigated the impact of exposure to scientific conspiracies about biotechnologies. Across three preregistered online studies (<i>N</i>s = 1,000), participants who read information about conspiracies involving agribiotechnology companies or biobank scientists were more likely to endorse conspiracies. Other effects of exposure to conspiracy information were mixed. In Study 1, reading about an agricultural biotechnology conspiracy had a small significant effect on reducing intentions to eat genetically modified food. In Study 2, exposure to a conspiracy involving biobank scientists decreased support for biobanks, mediated by decreased trust in biobank scientists. In Study 3, this conspiracy had no effect on wider beliefs of the role of science in society (science populism), nor support of genetically modified food-promoting policies. Overall, we found that exposure to conspiracies involving scientific claims increased conspiracy belief endorsement and can further negative effects. However, the effects of conspiracies on science populism appear limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241300896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chinese public risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology applied in law enforcement.
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241300894
Min Wang, Kunran Zhang, Haomiao Xu
{"title":"Chinese public risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology applied in law enforcement.","authors":"Min Wang, Kunran Zhang, Haomiao Xu","doi":"10.1177/09636625241300894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241300894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study integrates the Perceived Risk Theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, along with factors such as trust and procedural legitimacy, to assess the Chinese public's risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) in law enforcement. Analyzing 1,561 valid questionnaires collected from February to July 2023, the results demonstrate that trust and procedural legitimacy positively influence public acceptance of FRT. Trust also mediates the effects of perceived privacy and functional risks on FRT acceptance. Privacy and social risks deter public acceptance, while functional risks surprisingly show positive effects. The study identifies a descending order of negative impact among these risk categories. In addition, the convenience, location and purpose of FRT use, and the severity of crimes it targets significantly delineate public acceptance boundaries, reflecting a consequentialist approach to technology ethics that prioritizes utility and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241300894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A different image? Images of scientists in Chinese films. 不同的形象？中国电影中的科学家形象
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241290070
Hailing Yu, Ao Luo
{"title":"A different image? Images of scientists in Chinese films.","authors":"Hailing Yu, Ao Luo","doi":"10.1177/09636625241290070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241290070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores how scientists are represented in the films produced in China since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. In total, 61 films (25 realistic and 36 science fiction) are analyzed according to grounded theory. Results show that the scientist in Chinese films tends to be male, middle-aged, married, sociable, and with tidy hair. He is most likely from the field of physics and tends to conduct experiments in a laboratory. Six prototypes are identified: the patriotic scientist, the stubborn scientist, the elite scientist, the scientist as adventurer, the helpless scientist, and the mad scientist. The patriotic scientist is specific to the Chinese context and predominates in realistic films. In comparison, the science fiction films show more diversity in representing scientists. Finally, we discuss similarities and differences in the cinematic representation of scientists in China and in the West.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241290070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture: A comparative content analysis of mass media in the United States, New Zealand, Japan, the Netherlands, and Canada. 基因编辑在食品和农业中的社会技术想象：对美国、新西兰、日本、荷兰和加拿大大众媒体内容的比较分析。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241287392
Ashmita Das, Diana Cordoba, Silje Kristiansen, Sara Velardi, Anke Wonneberger, Tomiko Yamaguchi, Theresa Selfa
{"title":"Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture: A comparative content analysis of mass media in the United States, New Zealand, Japan, the Netherlands, and Canada.","authors":"Ashmita Das, Diana Cordoba, Silje Kristiansen, Sara Velardi, Anke Wonneberger, Tomiko Yamaguchi, Theresa Selfa","doi":"10.1177/09636625241287392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241287392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture reflect and shape culturally particular understandings of what role technology should play in an ideal agrifood future. This study employs a comparative media content analysis to identify sociotechnical imaginaries of agricultural gene editing and the actors who perform them in five countries with contrasting regulatory and cultural contexts: Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United States. We find that news media in these countries reinforce a predominantly positive portrayal of the technology's future, although variations in which imaginaries are most mobilized exist based on the regulatory status of gene editing and unique histories of civil society engagement around biotechnology in each country. We argue that by granting legitimacy to some narratives over others, the media supports gene editing as a desirable and necessary component of future agrifood systems, thereby limiting consideration of broader issues related to the technology's development and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241287392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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