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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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A different image? Images of scientists in Chinese films. 不同的形象？中国电影中的科学家形象
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241290070
Hailing Yu, Ao Luo
{"title":"A different image? Images of scientists in Chinese films.","authors":"Hailing Yu, Ao Luo","doi":"10.1177/09636625241290070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241290070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores how scientists are represented in the films produced in China since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. In total, 61 films (25 realistic and 36 science fiction) are analyzed according to grounded theory. Results show that the scientist in Chinese films tends to be male, middle-aged, married, sociable, and with tidy hair. He is most likely from the field of physics and tends to conduct experiments in a laboratory. Six prototypes are identified: the patriotic scientist, the stubborn scientist, the elite scientist, the scientist as adventurer, the helpless scientist, and the mad scientist. The patriotic scientist is specific to the Chinese context and predominates in realistic films. In comparison, the science fiction films show more diversity in representing scientists. Finally, we discuss similarities and differences in the cinematic representation of scientists in China and in the West.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241290070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture: A comparative content analysis of mass media in the United States, New Zealand, Japan, the Netherlands, and Canada. 基因编辑在食品和农业中的社会技术想象：对美国、新西兰、日本、荷兰和加拿大大众媒体内容的比较分析。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241287392
Ashmita Das, Diana Cordoba, Silje Kristiansen, Sara Velardi, Anke Wonneberger, Tomiko Yamaguchi, Theresa Selfa
{"title":"Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture: A comparative content analysis of mass media in the United States, New Zealand, Japan, the Netherlands, and Canada.","authors":"Ashmita Das, Diana Cordoba, Silje Kristiansen, Sara Velardi, Anke Wonneberger, Tomiko Yamaguchi, Theresa Selfa","doi":"10.1177/09636625241287392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241287392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture reflect and shape culturally particular understandings of what role technology should play in an ideal agrifood future. This study employs a comparative media content analysis to identify sociotechnical imaginaries of agricultural gene editing and the actors who perform them in five countries with contrasting regulatory and cultural contexts: Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United States. We find that news media in these countries reinforce a predominantly positive portrayal of the technology's future, although variations in which imaginaries are most mobilized exist based on the regulatory status of gene editing and unique histories of civil society engagement around biotechnology in each country. We argue that by granting legitimacy to some narratives over others, the media supports gene editing as a desirable and necessary component of future agrifood systems, thereby limiting consideration of broader issues related to the technology's development and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241287392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chinese scientists' mediated participation in public outreach: Multiple direct and personal norm-mediated predictors. 中国科学家通过中介参与公众宣传：多重直接和个人规范中介预测因素。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241237927
Xing Zhang, Anfan Chen, Jianbin Jin
{"title":"Chinese scientists' mediated participation in public outreach: Multiple direct and personal norm-mediated predictors.","authors":"Xing Zhang, Anfan Chen, Jianbin Jin","doi":"10.1177/09636625241237927","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241237927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of new media technologies has reshaped the landscape of science communication. There is little research on scientists' outreach participation and its possible predictors in different media contexts. Based on a national survey of 8,533 scientists in China, this study examined multiple direct and personal norm-mediated predictors of scientists' intentions to participate in public outreach via legacy media versus social media. Our findings revealed two consistent direct predictors (past outreach participation and personal norms) and two inconsistent direct predictors (descriptive norms and intrinsic rewards) that are significant only for participating via social media in the Chinese context. Moreover, our findings suggest a significant mediation effect of personal norms on the influence of various social norms (descriptive and subjective) and rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic) on Chinese scientists' intentions to participate in public outreach via media. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1009-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The public you want, the public you get: Exploring the relationship between the public and science in the debate on xenotransplantation. 你想要的公众，你就能得到：在关于异种器官移植的辩论中探讨公众与科学之间的关系。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241232098
Johannes Kögel
{"title":"The public you want, the public you get: Exploring the relationship between the public and science in the debate on xenotransplantation.","authors":"Johannes Kögel","doi":"10.1177/09636625241232098","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241232098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The debate that followed the first-in-human cardiac transplantation of a genetically modified pig organ emerged as a discussion of social justice when the patient's criminal record was revealed. This article aims to make sense of this debate by understanding the role of the 'public' today, particularly in relation to the governance of biotechnology. The relationship between the public and science is increasingly mediated through citizen participation. However, the public debate that unfolded on matters of social justice can be seen as an unmediated public discourse, which carries the risk of producing unpredictable outcomes. The content of the debate gains significance due to the functional differentiation of society. The medical subsystem does not consider the patient's history in terms of their involvement in the legal sphere, that is, their criminal record. Nevertheless, normative judgements are transferred across functional systems, allowing for the influence of public opinion and the potential for public scorn.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"961-977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Climate change by any other name: Social representations and language practices of coastal inhabitants on Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean. 气候变化的其他名称：印度洋马约特岛沿海居民的社会表述和语言实践。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241235375
Miki Mori, Esméralda Longépée, Gaëlle Lefer-Sauvage, Arnaud Banos, Nicolas Becu, Philippe Charpentier, Thomas Claverie, Matthieu Jeanson, Matthieu Le Duff, Damienne Provitolo, Georgeta Stoica
{"title":"Climate change by any other name: Social representations and language practices of coastal inhabitants on Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean.","authors":"Miki Mori, Esméralda Longépée, Gaëlle Lefer-Sauvage, Arnaud Banos, Nicolas Becu, Philippe Charpentier, Thomas Claverie, Matthieu Jeanson, Matthieu Le Duff, Damienne Provitolo, Georgeta Stoica","doi":"10.1177/09636625241235375","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241235375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As population-related climate change research increases, so does the need to nuance approaches to this complex phenomenon, including issues related to cultural and linguistic translations. To explore how climate change is understood in understudied societies, a case-study approach is taken to address social representations of climate change by inhabitants of a Maore village in the French island of Mayotte. The study explores how local fishers understand the issue when considering observed environmental changes. Based on analyses of 30 interviews, the study found that social representations and related climate change discourses are not well established, except for individuals in close contact with French institutions. Issues regarding local culture and language reveal the importance of understanding the different components of climate change. Climate change communication and awareness-raising on the island are explored, as well as considerations of culturally and linguistically complex settings with a Global North/Global South interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"978-997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivation, self-determination, and reflexivity of researchers in comedic public engagement. 喜剧公众参与中研究人员的动机、自我决定和反身性。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241291464
Áine Gallagher, Claudia Fracchiolla, Jessamyn A Fairfield
{"title":"Motivation, self-determination, and reflexivity of researchers in comedic public engagement.","authors":"Áine Gallagher, Claudia Fracchiolla, Jessamyn A Fairfield","doi":"10.1177/09636625241291464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241291464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding motivation and impact of participation in public engagement programs is crucial for fostering dialogue between researchers and the public. Using Self-Determination Theory and Reflexive Thematic Analysis, in this study we analyzed motivation and impact on identity of researchers participating in Bright Club Ireland, a public engagement project where academic researchers learn to use stand-up comedy as an informal and accessible means of communicating their research, then perform at a public-facing variety night alongside professional comedians. Through semi-structured interviews and focus groups, we found that participation in Bright Club is largely intrinsically motivated, driven by researchers' desire to gain skills, be recognized as experts, and present their own perspectives on their disciplines. These findings shed light on how participation in public engagement can promote a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness among researchers, and highlight the role of creative expression in facilitating reflection and growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241291464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"They Only Silence the Truth": COVID-19 retractions and the politicization of science. "他们只会让真相沉默：COVID-19 撤稿与科学政治化。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241290142
Rod Abhari, Emőke-Ágnes Horvát
{"title":"\"They Only Silence the Truth\": COVID-19 retractions and the politicization of science.","authors":"Rod Abhari, Emőke-Ágnes Horvát","doi":"10.1177/09636625241290142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241290142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retracted COVID-19 articles have circulated widely on social media. Although retractions are intended to correct the scientific record, when trust in science is low, they may instead be interpreted as evidence of censorship or simply ignored. We performed a content analysis of tweets about the two most widely shared retracted COVID-19 articles, Mehra20 and Rose21, before and after their retractions. When Mehra20 was seen as a politicized attack on Donald Trump and hydroxychloroquine, its retraction was broadly shared as proof that the article had been published for political reasons. However, when Rose21 was seen as evidence of vaccine harm by vaccine opponents, its retraction was either ignored or else framed as a conspiracy to censor the truth. These results demonstrate how retractions can be selectively used by scientific counterpublics to reframe the regulation of science as evidence of its institutional corruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241290142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What are we talking about when we are talking about the audience? Exploring the concept of audience in science communication research and education. 当我们谈论受众时，我们在谈论什么？探索科学传播研究和教育中的受众概念。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241280349
Ella McCarthy, Will J Grant
{"title":"What are we talking about when we are talking about the audience? Exploring the concept of audience in science communication research and education.","authors":"Ella McCarthy, Will J Grant","doi":"10.1177/09636625241280349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241280349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of 'audience' is central to research and practice in science communication. When asked by a scientist for help communicating their work, who among us has not responded with the time honoured question 'who is your audience?' Yet what we mean when we talk about audience is not always clear: implied and ambiguous, rather than explicit and precise. This article explores this ambiguity, drawing on a systematic review of 1360 science communication research articles and a survey of 45 science communication educators. We report 10 different conceptualisations, in three groups. <i>Being</i> conceptualisations include 'Demographic', 'Knowledge', 'Values' and 'Embodied'; <i>Doing</i> conceptualisations include 'Interaction' and 'Dynamic'. In <i>Qualifiers</i>, we found 'Diverse', 'Potential', 'Plural' and 'General' conceptualisations. These data allow tracking of how we have conceptualised audience over time, an understanding of the groups systematically under-serviced, and a pathway to a richer discussion of this key concept for our field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241280349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public understanding of preprints: How audiences make sense of unreviewed research in the news. 公众对预印本的理解：受众如何理解新闻中未经审查的研究。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268881
Alice Fleerackers, Chelsea L Ratcliff, Rebekah Wicke, Andy J King, Jakob D Jensen
{"title":"Public understanding of preprints: How audiences make sense of unreviewed research in the news.","authors":"Alice Fleerackers, Chelsea L Ratcliff, Rebekah Wicke, Andy J King, Jakob D Jensen","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241268881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>News reporting of preprints became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the extent to which the public understands what preprints are is unclear. We sought to fill this gap by conducting a content analysis of 1702 definitions of the term \"preprint\" that were generated by the US general population and college students. We found that only about two in five people were able to define preprints in ways that align with scholarly conceptualizations of the term, although participants provided a wide array of \"other\" definitions of preprints that suggest at least a partial understanding of the term. Providing participants with a definition of preprints in a news article helped improve preprint understanding for the student sample, but not for the general population. Our findings shed light on misperceptions that the public has about preprints, underscoring the importance of better education about the nature of preprint research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241268881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards a trusted genomics repository: Identifying commercialisation fears and preferred forms of governance across segments of the community. 建立可信的基因组学资料库：确定商业化的恐惧和社区各部分的首选管理形式。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241286369
Brad Elphinstone, Jarrod Walshe, Dianne Nicol, Mark Taylor
{"title":"Towards a trusted genomics repository: Identifying commercialisation fears and preferred forms of governance across segments of the community.","authors":"Brad Elphinstone, Jarrod Walshe, Dianne Nicol, Mark Taylor","doi":"10.1177/09636625241286369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241286369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A latent class analysis on a nationally representative Australian sample (<i>N</i> = 1000) identified four subgroups (i.e. classes), ranging from high to low concern about, and willingness to donate to, a national genomic repository under different forms of public and commercial management and access. The distribution of concerns and governance preferences across these classes was investigated. This added to previous research by indicating the degree to which extant concerns (e.g. corporate profiteering, discrimination by insurers) are held by different segments of the community. Based on the governance mechanisms that had widespread support across segments, the following recommendations are made to develop a trusted Australian genomic repository: the repository cannot be solely profit-driven; can utilise an access committee; protections (e.g. ensuring confidentiality of donors) may not require new legislation; data users cannot retain data for future research; the public should remain informed about the intended and/or actual benefits of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241286369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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