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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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Issue ownership of science in the United States. 美国的科学所有权问题。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241229199
Bruce W Hardy, Meghnaa Tallapragada, Elizabeth Sungsoo Baik, Abraham Koshy
{"title":"Issue ownership of science in the United States.","authors":"Bruce W Hardy, Meghnaa Tallapragada, Elizabeth Sungsoo Baik, Abraham Koshy","doi":"10.1177/09636625241229199","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241229199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assesses whether the Democratic Party holds issue ownership over science in the United States. We analyze data from a national survey that asked 1041 adults questions specifically designed to measure perceptions of science ownership. While the results suggest that the Democratic Party does hold a significant advantage in ownership of science in an abstract sense, perceptions of ownership of specific types of science vary across the two parties. Those who identify as Independents drive much of the aggregate perceptions of ownership of science, whereas partisans' perceptions of issue ownership of science are mostly driven by in-party favoritism. Post hoc analyses suggest that news media use contributes to perceptions of science ownership and reinforces affinity-party preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"838-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who are the "Heroes of CRISPR"? Public science communication on Wikipedia and the challenge of micro-notability. 谁是 "CRISPR 英雄"？维基百科上的公共科学传播与微注释的挑战。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241229923
Arno Simons, Wolfgang Kircheis, Marion Schmidt, Martin Potthast, Benno Stein
{"title":"Who are the \"Heroes of CRISPR\"? Public science communication on Wikipedia and the challenge of micro-notability.","authors":"Arno Simons, Wolfgang Kircheis, Marion Schmidt, Martin Potthast, Benno Stein","doi":"10.1177/09636625241229923","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241229923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wikipedia's influence in shaping public perceptions of science underscores the significance of scientists being recognized on the platform, as it can impact their careers. Although Wikipedia offers guidelines for determining when a scientist qualifies for their own article, it currently lacks guidance regarding whether a scientist should be acknowledged in articles related to the innovation processes to which they have contributed. To explore how Wikipedia addresses this issue of scientific \"micro-notability,\" we introduce a digital method called Name Edit Analysis, enabling us to quantitatively and qualitatively trace mentions of scientists within Wikipedia's articles. We study two CRISPR-related Wikipedia articles and find dynamic negotiations of micro-notability as well as a surprising tension between Wikipedia's principle of safeguarding against self-promotion and the scholarly norm of \"due credit.\" To reconcile this tension, we propose that Wikipedians and scientists collaborate to establish specific micro-notability guidelines that acknowledge scientific contributions while preventing excessive self-promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"918-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The acceptance of evolution: A developmental view of Generation X in the United States. 接受进化：美国 "X一代 "的发展观。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241234815
Jon D Miller, Belén Laspra, Carmelo Polino, Glenn Branch, Robert T Pennock, Mark S Ackerman
{"title":"The acceptance of evolution: A developmental view of Generation X in the United States.","authors":"Jon D Miller, Belén Laspra, Carmelo Polino, Glenn Branch, Robert T Pennock, Mark S Ackerman","doi":"10.1177/09636625241234815","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241234815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The public acceptance of evolution remains a contentious issue in the United States. Numerous investigations have used national cross-sectional studies to examine the factors associated with the acceptance or rejection of evolution. This analysis uses a 33-year longitudinal study that followed the same 5000 public-school students from grade 7 through midlife (ages 45-48) and is the first to do so in regard to evolution. A set of structural equation models demonstrate the complexity and changing nature of influences over these three decades. Parents and local influences are strong during the high school years. The combination of post-secondary education and occupational and family choices demonstrate that the 15 years after high school are the switchyards of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"818-837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The four "R"s: Strategies for tailoring science for religious publics and their prices. 四个 "R"：为宗教公众量身定制科学及其价格的策略。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241229415
Lea Taragin-Zeller, Oren Golan, Yariv Tsfati, Nakhi Mishol Shauli, Yael Rozenblum, Ayelet Baram-Tsabari
{"title":"The four \"R\"s: Strategies for tailoring science for religious publics and their prices.","authors":"Lea Taragin-Zeller, Oren Golan, Yariv Tsfati, Nakhi Mishol Shauli, Yael Rozenblum, Ayelet Baram-Tsabari","doi":"10.1177/09636625241229415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241229415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent wave of studies has diversified science communication by emphasizing gender, race, and disability. In this article, we focus on the understudied lens of religion. Based on an analysis of ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) science journalism and its readership, we identify four main strategies for tailoring science, which we call the four \"R\"s-removing, reclaiming, remodeling, and rubricating science. By analyzing how science communication is produced <i>by</i> and <i>for</i> a particular religious group, we reveal the diverse ways a religious-sensitive science communication is shaped by community gatekeepers, while also exploring the ethical and epistemological tensions this tailoring entails.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"902-917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communicating trust and trustworthiness through scientists' biographies: Benevolence beliefs. 通过科学家传记传递信任和可信度：仁慈信念。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241228733
Samantha Hautea, John C Besley, Hyesun Choung
{"title":"Communicating trust and trustworthiness through scientists' biographies: Benevolence beliefs.","authors":"Samantha Hautea, John C Besley, Hyesun Choung","doi":"10.1177/09636625241228733","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241228733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A goal of many science communicators is to foster trust in scientists and their work. This study investigates if existing textual resources that scientists create in the course of their regular activities can be improved to enhance perceptions of scientists as trustworthy. Building on Mayer et al.'s integrative model of organizational trust, we examine how communicating benevolence through short biographies can affect trustworthiness perceptions using a 3 (degree of benevolence information: high, unspecified, low) <i>×</i> 3 (research area: crop genetics, corn and soy genetics, biotechnology use) survey design. We find that the degree of benevolence information significantly influences perceptions of benevolence and integrity, as well as willingness to trust, with these effects being consistent across different research areas. However, the degree of benevolence communicated had no significant effect on the perceived competence of the scientists. These findings underscore the importance of highlighting benevolence in communication to positively influence trustworthiness perceptions, thus offering insights for science communication practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"872-883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientism, trust, value alignment, views of nature, and U.S. public opinion about gene drive mosquitos. 科学主义、信任、价值一致性、自然观以及美国公众对基因驱蚊器的看法。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241229196
John H Evans, Cynthia E Schairer
{"title":"Scientism, trust, value alignment, views of nature, and U.S. public opinion about gene drive mosquitos.","authors":"John H Evans, Cynthia E Schairer","doi":"10.1177/09636625241229196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241229196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene drive could be a powerful tool for addressing problems of conservation, agriculture, and human health caused by insect and animal pests but is likely to be controversial as it involves the release of genetically modified organisms. This study examined the social determinants of opinion of gene drive. We asked a representative sample of the U.S. public to respond to a description of a hypothetical application of a gene-drive mosquito to the problem of malaria and examined the relationship of these responses with demographic and ideological beliefs. We found strong general approval for the use of gene-drive mosquitos to address malaria, coinciding with the concern about a possible environmental impact of modified mosquitos and that gene drives represent \"too much power over nature.\" Among the determinants we measured, respondent acceptance of scientism and trust that scientists are advancing the public's interest were the greatest predictors of views of gene drive.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"884-901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stereotypes and social evaluations of scientists are related to different antecedents and outcomes. 对科学家的成见和社会评价与不同的前因后果有关。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241232097
Vukašin Gligorić, Roy Clerc, Gabi Arkensteijn, Gerben A van Kleef, Bastiaan T Rutjens
{"title":"Stereotypes and social evaluations of scientists are related to different antecedents and outcomes.","authors":"Vukašin Gligorić, Roy Clerc, Gabi Arkensteijn, Gerben A van Kleef, Bastiaan T Rutjens","doi":"10.1177/09636625241232097","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241232097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on scientist perceptions tends to focus on either stereotypes (white, male) or social evaluations (competent but cold), sometimes yielding incongruent conclusions (e.g. scientists are simultaneously seen as moral and immoral). Across two preregistered correlational studies (<i>N</i> = 1091), we address this issue by simultaneously assessing stereotypes and social evaluations and their association with two key outcomes: trust in scientists and science career appeal. We find that stereotypes and social evaluations are distinct types of perceptions-they correlate slightly, stem from different worldviews, and predict partially different outcomes. While western enculturation and religiosity predict stereotypes, right-wing political ideology negatively relates to social evaluations. Stereotypes are associated with lower science career appeal among stereotype-incongruent individuals, while social evaluations predict more trust in scientists and higher science career appeal. This work thus sheds light on the psychological pathways to trust in scientists, as well as on the perceived appeal of becoming a scientist.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"855-871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments. 生成式人工智能如何描绘科学：从不同受众群体的角度采访 ChatGPT。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268910
Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan
{"title":"How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments.","authors":"Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241268910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence in general and ChatGPT in particular have risen in importance. ChatGPT is widely known and used increasingly as an information source for different topics, including science. It is therefore relevant to examine how ChatGPT portrays science and science-related issues. Research on this question is lacking, however. Hence, we simulate \"interviews\" with ChatGPT and reconstruct how it presents science, science communication, scientific misbehavior, and controversial scientific issues. Combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we find that, generally, ChatGPT portrays science largely as the STEM disciplines, in a positivist-empiricist way and a positive light. When comparing ChatGPT's responses to different simulated user profiles and responses from the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions, we find similarities in that the scientific consensus on questions such as climate change, COVID-19 vaccinations, or astrology is consistently conveyed across them. Beyond these similarities in substance, however, pronounced differences are found in the personalization of responses to different user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241268910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiction references as framing devices in extended reality news discourse. 小说引用作为扩展现实新闻话语中的框架工具。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241277446
Emma Kaylee Graves-Sandriman
{"title":"Fiction references as framing devices in extended reality news discourse.","authors":"Emma Kaylee Graves-Sandriman","doi":"10.1177/09636625241277446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241277446","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines fiction references in news coverage of extended reality. Based on a mixed methods analysis of 977 news articles from UK mainstream mass media outlets, this study found that fiction references were frequently used as framing devices within the news articles, with a focus on two franchises: The Matrix original trilogy (1999-2003) and Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994). These references were utilised in the following three key ways: claiming fiction is becoming real; as a tool to improve readers' understanding of extended reality; and, to a limited degree, to create dystopic visions of extended reality. Ultimately, this article shows that, despite the dystopic representations of extended reality in fiction, fiction references have primarily been used to portray extended reality as advanced and high-quality. This supports extended reality adoption and the commercial interests of technology companies, raising questions as to whether journalists prioritise the interests of their readers when creating such news.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"9636625241277446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Felicity Mellor Insights on Science Journalism 书评：Felicity Mellor 对科学新闻的见解
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241275735
Matthias Kohring
{"title":"Book Review: Felicity Mellor Insights on Science Journalism","authors":"Matthias Kohring","doi":"10.1177/09636625241275735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241275735","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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