Chinese public risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology applied in law enforcement.

Abstract

This study integrates the Perceived Risk Theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, along with factors such as trust and procedural legitimacy, to assess the Chinese public's risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) in law enforcement. Analyzing 1,561 valid questionnaires collected from February to July 2023, the results demonstrate that trust and procedural legitimacy positively influence public acceptance of FRT. Trust also mediates the effects of perceived privacy and functional risks on FRT acceptance. Privacy and social risks deter public acceptance, while functional risks surprisingly show positive effects. The study identifies a descending order of negative impact among these risk categories. In addition, the convenience, location and purpose of FRT use, and the severity of crimes it targets significantly delineate public acceptance boundaries, reflecting a consequentialist approach to technology ethics that prioritizes utility and outcomes.