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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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Belief updating when confronted with scientific evidence: Examining the role of trust in science. 面对科学证据时的信念更新：考察信任在科学中的作用。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231203538
Tom Rosman, Sianna Grösser
{"title":"Belief updating when confronted with scientific evidence: Examining the role of trust in science.","authors":"Tom Rosman, Sianna Grösser","doi":"10.1177/09636625231203538","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231203538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In one exploratory study (<i>N</i> = 985) and one preregistered study (<i>N</i> = 1100), we investigated whether trust in science influences belief change on a medico-scientific issue when laypersons are confronted with scientific evidence. Moreover, we tested whether individuals with high trust in science trust science \"blindly,\" meaning that their trust in a scientific claim's source prevents them from adequately evaluating the claim itself. Participants read eight fictitious studies on the efficacy of acupuncture, which were experimentally manipulated regarding direction (evidence favoring acupuncture vs diverging evidence) and quality (high vs low; only Study 2). Acupuncture-related beliefs were measured before and after reading. Moderator and mediator analyses showed that the magnitude of belief change indeed depends on trust in science. Furthermore, we found that people with high trust in science are better able to evaluate the quality of scientific studies, which, in turn, protects them from being influenced by low-quality evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10958746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing the influence of intellectual humility, religiosity, and political conservatism on vaccine attitudes in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. 比较美国、加拿大和英国知识分子的谦逊、宗教信仰和政治保守主义对疫苗态度的影响。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231191633
Jesse L Preston, Abdullah Khan
{"title":"Comparing the influence of intellectual humility, religiosity, and political conservatism on vaccine attitudes in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.","authors":"Jesse L Preston, Abdullah Khan","doi":"10.1177/09636625231191633","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231191633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three studies of US, Canada, and UK respondents examined pro-vaccine attitudes as predicted by intellectual humility, belief in science, religiosity, and political attitudes. Intellectual humility refers to the capacity to understand limits of one's own beliefs and showed strong relationship to pro-vaccine attitudes across samples. Pro-vaccine attitudes were correlated with intellectual humility and negatively correlated with political conservatism and religiosity. Regression models compared overlapping influences of belief predictors on vaccine attitudes. Across countries, intellectual humility was the most consistent predictor of pro-vaccine attitudes when controlling for other beliefs and thinking styles (political conservatism, belief in science, religiosity). In comparison, political conservatism was a significant predictor of vaccine attitudes in regression models on US and Canadian respondents, and religiosity only held as a predictor in regression models in the US sample. We conclude with a discussion of intellectual humility as a predictor of vaccine attitudes and implications for research and persuasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10958756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10083136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroscience explanations really do satisfy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the seductive allure of neuroscience. 神经科学的解释确实令人满意：对神经科学诱人吸引力的系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231205005
Elizabeth M Bennett, Peter J McLaughlin
{"title":"Neuroscience explanations really do satisfy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the seductive allure of neuroscience.","authors":"Elizabeth M Bennett, Peter J McLaughlin","doi":"10.1177/09636625231205005","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231205005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extraneous neuroscience information improves ratings of scientific explanations, and affects mock juror decisions in many studies, but others have yielded little to no effect. To establish the magnitude of this effect, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis using 60 experiments from 28 publications. We found a mild but highly significant effect, with substantial heterogeneity. Planned subgroup analyses revealed that within-subjects studies, where people can compare the same material with and without neuroscience, and those using text, have stronger effects than between-subjects designs, and studies using brain image stimuli. We serendipitously found that effect sizes were stronger on outcomes of evaluating satisfaction or metacomprehension, compared with jury verdicts or assessments of convincingness. In conclusion, there is more than one type of neuroscience explanations effect. Irrelevant neuroscience does have a seductive allure, especially on self-appraised satisfaction and understanding, and when presented as text.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Narrativization of human population genetics: Two cases in Iceland and Russia. 人类群体遗传学的叙述：冰岛和俄罗斯的两个案例。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231203481
Vadim Chaly, Olga V Popova
{"title":"Narrativization of human population genetics: Two cases in Iceland and Russia.","authors":"Vadim Chaly, Olga V Popova","doi":"10.1177/09636625231203481","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231203481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using the two cases of the Icelandic Health Sector Database and Russian initiatives in biobanking, the article criticizes the view of narratives and imaginaries as a sufficient and unproblematic means of shaping public understanding of genetics and justifying population-wide projects. Narrative representations of national biobanking engage particular imaginaries that are not bound by the universal normative framework of human rights, promote affective thinking, distract the public from recognizing and discussing tangible ethical and socioeconomic issues, and harm trust in science and technology. In the Icelandic case, the presentation of the project in association with national imaginaries concealed its market identity and could lead to the commodification of biodata. In the Russian case, framing in terms of \"genetic sovereignty\" and \"civilizational code\" offers pretexts for state securitization. Adherence to normative framework of human rights and public discussion of genetics in an argumentative and factual mode can counter these trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Climate change by any other name: Social representations and language practices of coastal inhabitants on Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean. 气候变化的其他名称：印度洋马约特岛沿海居民的社会表述和语言实践。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241235375
Miki Mori, Esméralda Longépée, Gaëlle Lefer-Sauvage, Arnaud Banos, Nicolas Becu, Philippe Charpentier, Thomas Claverie, Matthieu Jeanson, Matthieu Le Duff, Damienne Provitolo, Georgeta Stoica
{"title":"Climate change by any other name: Social representations and language practices of coastal inhabitants on Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean.","authors":"Miki Mori, Esméralda Longépée, Gaëlle Lefer-Sauvage, Arnaud Banos, Nicolas Becu, Philippe Charpentier, Thomas Claverie, Matthieu Jeanson, Matthieu Le Duff, Damienne Provitolo, Georgeta Stoica","doi":"10.1177/09636625241235375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241235375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As population-related climate change research increases, so does the need to nuance approaches to this complex phenomenon, including issues related to cultural and linguistic translations. To explore how climate change is understood in understudied societies, a case-study approach is taken to address social representations of climate change by inhabitants of a Maore village in the French island of Mayotte. The study explores how local fishers understand the issue when considering observed environmental changes. Based on analyses of 30 interviews, the study found that social representations and related climate change discourses are not well established, except for individuals in close contact with French institutions. Issues regarding local culture and language reveal the importance of understanding the different components of climate change. Climate change communication and awareness-raising on the island are explored, as well as considerations of culturally and linguistically complex settings with a Global North/Global South interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: John L. Rudolph Why We Teach Science (and Why We Should) 书评：约翰-L.-鲁道夫《我们为什么要教科学（以及为什么我们应该教科学）》（John L. Rudolph Why We Teach Science (and Why We Should)
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241241949
Mairéad Hurley
{"title":"Book review: John L. Rudolph Why We Teach Science (and Why We Should)","authors":"Mairéad Hurley","doi":"10.1177/09636625241241949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241241949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chinese scientists' mediated participation in public outreach: Multiple direct and personal norm-mediated predictors. 中国科学家通过中介参与公众宣传：多重直接和个人规范中介预测因素。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241237927
Xing Zhang, Anfan Chen, Jianbin Jin
{"title":"Chinese scientists' mediated participation in public outreach: Multiple direct and personal norm-mediated predictors.","authors":"Xing Zhang, Anfan Chen, Jianbin Jin","doi":"10.1177/09636625241237927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241237927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of new media technologies has reshaped the landscape of science communication. There is little research on scientists' outreach participation and its possible predictors in different media contexts. Based on a national survey of 8,533 scientists in China, this study examined multiple direct and personal norm-mediated predictors of scientists' intentions to participate in public outreach via legacy media versus social media. Our findings revealed two consistent direct predictors (past outreach participation and personal norms) and two inconsistent direct predictors (descriptive norms and intrinsic rewards) that are significant only for participating via social media in the Chinese context. Moreover, our findings suggest a significant mediation effect of personal norms on the influence of various social norms (descriptive and subjective) and rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic) on Chinese scientists' intentions to participate in public outreach via media. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022). 科学家新闻照片：中国科学家摄影肖像（1949-2022 年）。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241226878
Hailing Yu, Yang Yu
{"title":"Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022).","authors":"Hailing Yu, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1177/09636625241226878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241226878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photography plays an important role in science communication. This study investigates the photographic portraits of scientists in the news media in China from 1949 to 2022. The data consist of 1,071 photographs published in <i>People's Daily</i>, the most influential newspaper in China. The photographs are analysed according to a framework based on previous studies on the visual representation of scientists. Analysis shows an overall image of scientists that demonstrates distinctive 'Chinese' features, such as the prominence of group photos and governmental honours. Diachronically, the visual image of scientists evolved from the early farmer scientists acclaimed in midst of political struggle to social elites and stars celebrated as China's hope for indigenous innovation. The study enriches our understanding of the visual representation of scientists in China, and sheds light on the influence of culture, politics and social positioning of science and technology on the image of scientists created by the media.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: Mike Hulme Climate Change Isn’t Everything: Liberating Climate Politics From Alarmism 书评：Mike Hulme Climate Change Isn't Everything: Liberating Climate Politics From Alarmism（《气候变化并非万能：将气候政治从恐慌主义中解放出来》）书评
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241235991
Julia Schubert
{"title":"Book review: Mike Hulme Climate Change Isn’t Everything: Liberating Climate Politics From Alarmism","authors":"Julia Schubert","doi":"10.1177/09636625241235991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241235991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The public you want, the public you get: Exploring the relationship between the public and science in the debate on xenotransplantation. 你想要的公众，你就能得到：在关于异种器官移植的辩论中探讨公众与科学之间的关系。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241232098
Johannes Kögel
{"title":"The public you want, the public you get: Exploring the relationship between the public and science in the debate on xenotransplantation.","authors":"Johannes Kögel","doi":"10.1177/09636625241232098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241232098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The debate that followed the first-in-human cardiac transplantation of a genetically modified pig organ emerged as a discussion of social justice when the patient's criminal record was revealed. This article aims to make sense of this debate by understanding the role of the 'public' today, particularly in relation to the governance of biotechnology. The relationship between the public and science is increasingly mediated through citizen participation. However, the public debate that unfolded on matters of social justice can be seen as an unmediated public discourse, which carries the risk of producing unpredictable outcomes. The content of the debate gains significance due to the functional differentiation of society. The medical subsystem does not consider the patient's history in terms of their involvement in the legal sphere, that is, their criminal record. Nevertheless, normative judgements are transferred across functional systems, allowing for the influence of public opinion and the potential for public scorn.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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