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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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"They Only Silence the Truth": COVID-19 retractions and the politicization of science. "他们只会让真相沉默：COVID-19 撤稿与科学政治化。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241290142
Rod Abhari, Emőke-Ágnes Horvát
{"title":"\"They Only Silence the Truth\": COVID-19 retractions and the politicization of science.","authors":"Rod Abhari, Emőke-Ágnes Horvát","doi":"10.1177/09636625241290142","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241290142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retracted COVID-19 articles have circulated widely on social media. Although retractions are intended to correct the scientific record, when trust in science is low, they may instead be interpreted as evidence of censorship or simply ignored. We performed a content analysis of tweets about the two most widely shared retracted COVID-19 articles, Mehra20 and Rose21, before and after their retractions. When Mehra20 was seen as a politicized attack on Donald Trump and hydroxychloroquine, its retraction was broadly shared as proof that the article had been published for political reasons. However, when Rose21 was seen as evidence of vaccine harm by vaccine opponents, its retraction was either ignored or else framed as a conspiracy to censor the truth. These results demonstrate how retractions can be selectively used by scientific counterpublics to reframe the regulation of science as evidence of its institutional corruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"291-306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who is at risk of bias? Examining dispositional differences in motivated science reception. 谁有可能出现偏差？研究科学接受动机的性格差异。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241262611
Marlene Sophie Altenmüller, Laura Amelie Poppe
{"title":"Who is at risk of bias? Examining dispositional differences in motivated science reception.","authors":"Marlene Sophie Altenmüller, Laura Amelie Poppe","doi":"10.1177/09636625241262611","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241262611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The motivated reception of science in line with one's preexisting convictions is a well-documented, pervasive phenomenon. In two studies (<i>N</i> = 743), we investigated whether this bias might be stronger in some people than others due to dispositional differences. Building on the assumptions that motivated science reception is driven by perceived threat and suspicion and higher under perceived ambiguity and uncertainty, we focused on traits associated with such perceptions. In particular, we tested the impact of conspiracy mentality and victim sensitivity on motivated science reception (as indicated by ascriptions of researchers' trustworthiness and evidence credibility). In addition, we explored the role of broader personality traits (generalized mistrust and ambiguity intolerance) in this context. None of the investigated dispositions modulated the motivated science reception effect. This demonstrates once again, that motivated science reception is a ubiquitous challenge for the effective dissemination of science and everyone seems to be at risk of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-serving beliefs about science: Science justifies my weaknesses (but not other people's). 自以为是的科学信仰：科学能证明我的弱点是合理的（但不能证明别人的弱点是合理的）。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241261320
Francisco Cruz, André Mata
{"title":"Self-serving beliefs about science: Science justifies my weaknesses (but not other people's).","authors":"Francisco Cruz, André Mata","doi":"10.1177/09636625241261320","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241261320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research explored the strategic beliefs that people have about science and the extent to which it can explain moral and immoral behaviors. Although people do not believe that science is able to explain certain aspects of their mind, they might nevertheless accept a scientific explanation for their immoral behaviors if that explanation is exculpatory. In a first study, participants reflected on moral and immoral deeds that they performed or that other people performed. Participants were somewhat skeptic that science can account for people's behavior-<i>except</i> for when they reflected on the wrongdoings that they committed. Two further studies suggest that strategic belief in science arises because it enables external attributions for the behavior, outside of the wrongdoers' control. Implications are discussed for science understanding and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"172-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public understanding of preprints: How audiences make sense of unreviewed research in the news. 公众对预印本的理解：受众如何理解新闻中未经审查的研究。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268881
Alice Fleerackers, Chelsea L Ratcliff, Rebekah Wicke, Andy J King, Jakob D Jensen
{"title":"Public understanding of preprints: How audiences make sense of unreviewed research in the news.","authors":"Alice Fleerackers, Chelsea L Ratcliff, Rebekah Wicke, Andy J King, Jakob D Jensen","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268881","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241268881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>News reporting of preprints became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the extent to which the public understands what preprints are is unclear. We sought to fill this gap by conducting a content analysis of 1702 definitions of the term \"preprint\" that were generated by the US general population and college students. We found that only about one in five people were able to define preprints in ways that align with scholarly conceptualizations of the term, although participants provided a wide array of \"other\" definitions of preprints that suggest at least a partial understanding of the term. Providing participants with a definition of preprints in a news article helped improve preprint understanding for the student sample, but not for the general population. Our findings shed light on misperceptions that the public has about preprints, underscoring the importance of better education about the nature of preprint research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"154-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia. 宣布危机？维基百科上关于气候变化的时间建构。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268890
Olivia Steiert
{"title":"Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia.","authors":"Olivia Steiert","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268890","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241268890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On Wikipedia, editors daily negotiate edits to an entry that summarizes climate change to a global audience. The outcome of their efforts is an encyclopedic entry with a conspicuous lack of temporal clarity that circumvents the question of whether climate change is an immediate crisis or merely a potential future phenomenon. This qualitative discourse analysis of editors' debates around climate change on Wikipedia argues that their hesitancy to \"declare crisis\" is not a conscious editorial choice as much as an outcome of a friction between the folk philosophy of science Wikipedia is built upon, editors' own sense of urgency, and their anticipations about audience uptake of their writing. This friction shapes a group style that fosters temporal ambiguity. Hence, the findings suggest that in the Wikipedia entry on climate change, platform affordances and contestation of expertise foreclose a declaration of climate crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"188-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1997: "Your genes, your choices" and public education about the ethical, legal and social issues of the Human Genome Project. 1997年：“你的基因，你的选择”，以及关于人类基因组计划的伦理、法律和社会问题的公共教育。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241300390
Charnell Peters
{"title":"1997: \"Your genes, your choices\" and public education about the ethical, legal and social issues of the Human Genome Project.","authors":"Charnell Peters","doi":"10.1177/09636625241300390","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241300390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"256-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does exposure necessarily lead to misbelief? A meta-analysis of susceptibility to health misinformation. 接触一定会导致误信吗？关于健康误导易感性的荟萃分析。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241266150
Jinhui Li, Xiaodong Yang
{"title":"Does exposure necessarily lead to misbelief? A meta-analysis of susceptibility to health misinformation.","authors":"Jinhui Li, Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1177/09636625241266150","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241266150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the overall effect of health misinformation exposure on shaping misbelief. Aggregation of results from 28 individual randomized controlled trial studies (<i>n</i> = 8752) reveals a positive but small average effect, <i>d</i> = 0.28. Moderation analyses suggest that adults who are younger and female tend to develop higher misbelief if exposed to health misinformation. Furthermore, media platform, message falsity, and misbelief measurements also contribute to the exposure effect. These findings offer nuanced but crucial insights into existing misinformation literature, and development of more effective strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of health misinformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"222-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thank you reviewers. 谢谢审稿人。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/09636625251314600
{"title":"Thank you reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/09636625251314600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625251314600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"34 2","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments. 生成式人工智能如何描绘科学：从不同受众群体的角度采访 ChatGPT。
IF 3.3 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268910
Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan
{"title":"How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments.","authors":"Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268910","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241268910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence in general and ChatGPT in particular have risen in importance. ChatGPT is widely known and used increasingly as an information source for different topics, including science. It is therefore relevant to examine how ChatGPT portrays science and science-related issues. Research on this question is lacking, however. Hence, we simulate \"interviews\" with ChatGPT and reconstruct how it presents science, science communication, scientific misbehavior, and controversial scientific issues. Combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we find that, generally, ChatGPT portrays science largely as the STEM disciplines, in a positivist-empiricist way and a positive light. When comparing ChatGPT's responses to different simulated user profiles and responses from the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions, we find similarities in that the scientific consensus on questions such as climate change, COVID-19 vaccinations, or astrology is consistently conveyed across them. Beyond these similarities in substance, however, pronounced differences are found in the personalization of responses to different user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"132-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The climate battles of ideas: Minority discourses in readers' comments to climate change articles in the Portuguese press. 气候观念之争：读者对葡萄牙报刊气候变化文章评论中的少数派论述。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241254505
Nuno Monteiro Ramos, Paula Castro
{"title":"The climate <i>battles of ideas</i>: Minority discourses in readers' comments to climate change articles in the Portuguese press.","authors":"Nuno Monteiro Ramos, Paula Castro","doi":"10.1177/09636625241254505","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241254505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today, the dominant climate change discourses affirm its anthropogenic nature and the urgency for policies. However, minority discourses remain active in the worldwide debate, refining arguments beyond simple denial-as shown regarding formal/official discourses of the United States and European far-right parties. This makes it necessary to examine the public understanding of climate change in everyday, informal minority discourses, looking at how they work for broadening societal space for \"quarantining\" the transformative potential of climate change meanings/policies. For this, we analyze readers' comments on climate change articles from two Portuguese newspapers, drawing from the frameworks of neutralization techniques and meaning barriers. Findings show that although denial of anthropogenic climate change remains, discursive efforts concentrate on person-stigmatizing depictions of climate change actors, delegitimized as \"elites\" in populist vocabularies, reflecting a consistent alignment between everyday discourses and those of the United States and European official far-right. We discuss the functions this pattern may have for the growth of climate change minority positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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