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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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Who are the publics engaging in AI? 谁是参与人工智能的公众？
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231219853
Renée Sieber, Ana Brandusescu, Abigail Adu-Daako, Suthee Sangiambut
{"title":"Who are the publics engaging in AI?","authors":"Renée Sieber, Ana Brandusescu, Abigail Adu-Daako, Suthee Sangiambut","doi":"10.1177/09636625231219853","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231219853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the importance of public engagement in governments' adoption of artificial intelligence systems, artificial intelligence researchers and practitioners spend little time reflecting on who those publics are. Classifying publics affects assumptions and affordances attributed to the publics' ability to contribute to policy or knowledge production. Further complicating definitions are the publics' role in artificial intelligence production and optimization. Our structured analysis of the corpus used a mixed method, where algorithmic generation of search terms allowed us to examine approximately 2500 articles and provided the foundation to conduct an extensive systematic literature review of approximately 100 documents. Results show the multiplicity of ways publics are framed, by examining and revealing the different semantic nuances, affordances, political and expertise lenses, and, finally, a lack of definitions. We conclude that categorizing publics represents an act of power, politics, and truth-seeking in artificial intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"634-653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who is responsible? US Public perceptions of AI governance through the lenses of trust and ethics. 谁该负责？从信任和道德角度看美国公众对人工智能治理的看法。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231224592
Prabu David, Hyesun Choung, John S Seberger
{"title":"Who is responsible? US Public perceptions of AI governance through the lenses of trust and ethics.","authors":"Prabu David, Hyesun Choung, John S Seberger","doi":"10.1177/09636625231224592","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231224592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is an urgent challenge that requires actions from three interdependent stakeholders: individual citizens, technology corporations, and governments. We conducted an online survey (<i>N</i> = 525) of US adults to examine their beliefs about the governance responsibility of these stakeholders as a function of trust and AI ethics. Different dimensions of trust and different ethical concerns were associated with beliefs in governance responsibility of the three stakeholders. Specifically, belief in the governance responsibility of the government was associated with ethical concerns about AI, whereas belief in governance responsibility of corporations was related to both ethical concerns and trust in AI. Belief in governance responsibility of individuals was related to human-centered values of trust in AI and fairness. Overall, the findings point to the need for an interdependent framework in which citizens, corporations, and governments share governance responsibilities, guided by trust and ethics as the guardrails.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"654-672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Delineating between scientism and science enthusiasm: Challenges in measuring scientism and the development of novel scale. 科学主义与科学热情之间的界限：衡量科学主义的挑战与新量表的开发。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231217900
Petar Lukić, Iris Žeželj
{"title":"Delineating between scientism and science enthusiasm: Challenges in measuring scientism and the development of novel scale.","authors":"Petar Lukić, Iris Žeželj","doi":"10.1177/09636625231217900","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231217900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientism proposes science to be an all-powerful human enterprise, able to answer not only all practical but also philosophical or moral questions. We are taking a psychological approach to scientism, studying uncritical trust in science and uncritical trust in scientists as a part of a unique attitudinal tendency. Our novel measure assesses both kinds of trust through short Thurstone scales allowing us to establish a clear threshold for endorsing scientism, thus effectively delineating it from science enthusiasm, which previous instruments were unable to do. We built and refined a novel scale through five stages in which we consulted relevant literature, experts, and laypeople. We demonstrated that uncritical trust in science and scientists are interrelated, yet distinct constructs. As expected, these two subscales positively correlated with dogmatism, scientific knowledge, and overclaiming, but not with knowledge overestimation. The results suggest the new instrument is reliable, valid, and suitable for the lay public.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"568-586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022). 科学家新闻照片：中国科学家摄影肖像（1949-2022 年）。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241226878
Hailing Yu, Yang Yu
{"title":"Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022).","authors":"Hailing Yu, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1177/09636625241226878","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241226878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photography plays an important role in science communication. This study investigates the photographic portraits of scientists in the news media in China from 1949 to 2022. The data consist of 1,071 photographs published in <i>People's Daily</i>, the most influential newspaper in China. The photographs are analysed according to a framework based on previous studies on the visual representation of scientists. Analysis shows an overall image of scientists that demonstrates distinctive 'Chinese' features, such as the prominence of group photos and governmental honours. Diachronically, the visual image of scientists evolved from the early farmer scientists acclaimed in midst of political struggle to social elites and stars celebrated as China's hope for indigenous innovation. The study enriches our understanding of the visual representation of scientists in China, and sheds light on the influence of culture, politics and social positioning of science and technology on the image of scientists created by the media.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"33 5","pages":"532-547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The politics of politicization: Climate change debates in Canadian print media. 政治化的政治：加拿大印刷媒体中的气候变化辩论。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231220226
Bernhard Isopp
{"title":"The politics of politicization: Climate change debates in Canadian print media.","authors":"Bernhard Isopp","doi":"10.1177/09636625231220226","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231220226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Politicization is frequently employed as an analytic concept to explain the relationships between politics and media coverage of climate change. However, relatively few works explore how different notions of politicization are mobilized by actors in media discourses themselves. This article does so via a framing analysis of climate change coverage in Canadian newspapers. I investigate how different relationships between science and politics are conceived and associated with varying positions on climate change. In particular, I examine a supposition in science and technology studies that the media remains committed to deficit models and thus uncritically reproduces the authority of science. Scientistic discourses exist but among a diversity of politicization framings. A key finding is that the strongest appeals to scientific neutrality are associated with climate skepticism. This casts light on the nuanced, strategic \"politics of politicization\" in climate change debates. A more fine-grained and reflexive approach to politicization discourses can help identify productive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"604-622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What if some people just do not like science? How personality traits relate to attitudes toward science and technology. 如果有些人就是不喜欢科学呢？个性特征与科技态度的关系。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231220341
Simon Fuglsang
{"title":"What if some people just do not like science? How personality traits relate to attitudes toward science and technology.","authors":"Simon Fuglsang","doi":"10.1177/09636625231220341","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231220341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As societal discussion on the public opinion of science and technology ignites over and over again, understanding where such opinions are rooted is increasingly relevant. A handful of prior studies have suggested personality traits as a root of science and technology attitudes. However, these report mixed findings, and employ small student or convenience samples. This leaves considerable uncertainty regarding personality traits' relation to attitudes toward science and technology. If in fact stable psychological predispositions play a role, this has considerable implications for science policy and science communication. This article investigates the relationship between the big five personality traits and science attitudes in Germany and the Netherlands. Findings indicate that personality traits are related to science attitudes but only very weakly so, among them openness to experience and negative emotionality are most notably related to science attitudes, whereas extraversion, in contrast to prior studies, shows no relation to science and technology attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"623-633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Credibility of misinformation source moderates the effectiveness of corrective messages on social media. 错误信息来源的可信度调节了社交媒体上纠正信息的效果。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231215979
Huai-Kuan Zeng, Shih-Yu Lo, Shu-Chu Sarrina Li
{"title":"Credibility of misinformation source moderates the effectiveness of corrective messages on social media.","authors":"Huai-Kuan Zeng, Shih-Yu Lo, Shu-Chu Sarrina Li","doi":"10.1177/09636625231215979","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231215979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine how different features of corrective messages moderate individuals' attitudes toward misinformation on social media, a 2 (misinformation source credibility: high vs low) × 2 (corrective message source: algorithmic vs peer correction) × 2 (correction type: factual elaboration vs simple rebuttal) between-subjects experiment was conducted. To reduce perceived credibility and respondents' attitudes toward the misinformation, peer corrections were more effective than algorithmic corrections for misinformation from a source with lower credibility; for misinformation from a highly credible source, the superiority effect of peer corrections was still significant on perceived credibility but not on respondents' attitudes toward the misinformation. For the fact-checking tendency, we did not find a robust effect about how different features of corrective messages interacted. Our findings provide important insights into message design in combatting misinformation on social media.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"587-603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review: Angela Potochnik Science and the Public 书评：安吉拉-波托奇尼克《科学与公众
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241263900
Thomas E. Dickins
{"title":"Book review: Angela Potochnik Science and the Public","authors":"Thomas E. Dickins","doi":"10.1177/09636625241263900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241263900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book review essay: Digging deep into stories in science communication 书评文章：深入挖掘科学传播中的故事
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241256437
Brigitte Nerlich
{"title":"Book review essay: Digging deep into stories in science communication","authors":"Brigitte Nerlich","doi":"10.1177/09636625241256437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241256437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visible scientists in digital communication environments: An analysis of their role performance as public experts on Twitter/X during the Covid-19 pandemic. 数字通信环境中的可见科学家：对科维德-19 大流行期间科学家在 Twitter/X 上作为公共专家的角色表现的分析。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241249389
Kaija Biermann, Monika Taddicken
{"title":"Visible scientists in digital communication environments: An analysis of their role performance as public experts on Twitter/X during the Covid-19 pandemic.","authors":"Kaija Biermann, Monika Taddicken","doi":"10.1177/09636625241249389","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241249389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to significant societal challenges, there is a growing demand for scientists to actively engage in public discussions. The recent Covid-19 pandemic led to the sudden visibility of certain scientists, necessitating them to extend their roles beyond research and actively communicate with the general public. Online platforms allow for direct engagement but increase the challenge by interconnecting different public arenas. Our case study examined the role performance of visible virologists on Twitter/X in six different time periods during the pandemic in Germany (<i>N</i> = 1003). Findings indicate that they often express calls to action, and voice their own views, but seldom address uncertainty. Differences over time were found in their use of different types of statements, scientific jargon and emotional language. They also utilised the opportunities of direct communication, performing roles like watchdogs or advocates, highlighting the importance for scientists to reflect on their roles as communicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241249389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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