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Different degrees of skill obsolescence across hard and soft skills and the role of lifelong learning for labor market outcomes 硬技能和软技能的不同程度的技能过时以及终身学习对劳动力市场结果的作用
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12325
Tobias Schultheiss, Uschi Backes-Gellner
{"title":"Different degrees of skill obsolescence across hard and soft skills and the role of lifelong learning for labor market outcomes","authors":"Tobias Schultheiss,&nbsp;Uschi Backes-Gellner","doi":"10.1111/irel.12325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the role of lifelong learning in counteracting skill depreciation and obsolescence. We differentiate between occupations with more hard skills versus more soft skills and draw on representative job advertisement data that contain machine-learning categorized skill requirements and cover the Swiss job market in great detail across occupations (from 1950 to 2019). We examine lifelong learning effects for “harder” versus “softer” occupations, thereby analyzing the role of training in counteracting skill depreciation in occupations that are differently affected by skill depreciation. Our results reveal novel empirical patterns regarding the benefits of lifelong learning, which are consistent with theoretical explanations based on structurally different skill depreciation rates: In harder occupations, with large shares of fast-depreciating hard skills, the role of lifelong learning is primarily as a hedge against unemployment risks rather than a boost to wages. By contrast, in softer occupations, in which workers build on more value-stable soft-skill foundations, the role of lifelong learning instead lies mostly in acting as a boost for upward career mobility and leads to larger wage gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Productivity dynamics of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间远程工作的生产力动态
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2023-01-08 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12327
Masayuki Morikawa
{"title":"Productivity dynamics of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Masayuki Morikawa","doi":"10.1111/irel.12327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study documents the productivity dynamics of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The mean productivity at home has improved by more than 10 percentage points in the past year, although it is still approximately 20% lower than when working in the office. Selection effects and learning effects contributed almost equally to the productivity growth. Even after adjusting for additional working hours from reduced commuting, the conclusion of relatively low productivity at home remains unchanged. The percentage of employees who want to continue frequent remote work after the pandemic has increased substantially, despite its lower productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Does robotization affect job quality? Evidence from European regional labor markets 机器人化会影响工作质量吗？来自欧洲地区劳动力市场的证据
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12324
José-Ignacio Antón, Enrique Fernández-Macías, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
{"title":"Does robotization affect job quality? Evidence from European regional labor markets","authors":"José-Ignacio Antón,&nbsp;Enrique Fernández-Macías,&nbsp;Rudolf Winter-Ebmer","doi":"10.1111/irel.12324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whereas there are recent papers on the effect of robot adoption on employment and wages, there is no evidence on how robots affect non-monetary working conditions. We explore the impact of robot adoption on several domains of non-monetary working conditions in Europe over the period 1995–2005 combining information from the World Robotics Survey and the European Working Conditions Survey. In order to deal with the possible endogeneity of robot deployment, we employ an instrumental variables strategy, using the robot exposure by sector in other developed countries as an instrument. Our results indicate that robotization has a negative impact on the quality of work in the dimension of work intensity and no relevant impact on the domains of physical environment or skills and discretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The employment effects of working time reductions: Sector-level evidence from European reforms 工作时间减少对就业的影响：来自欧洲改革的部门层面证据
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12323
Cyprien Batut, Andrea Garnero, Alessandro Tondini
{"title":"The employment effects of working time reductions: Sector-level evidence from European reforms","authors":"Cyprien Batut,&nbsp;Andrea Garnero,&nbsp;Alessandro Tondini","doi":"10.1111/irel.12323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we exploit a panel of industry-level data in European countries to study the economic impact of national reductions in usual weekly working hours between 1995 and 2007. Our identification strategy relies on the five national reforms that took place over this period and on initial differences across sectors in the share of workers exposed to the reforms. On average, the number of hours worked in more affected sectors fell, hourly wages rose, while employment did not increase. The effect on value added per hour worked appears to be positive but non-significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intersectional organizing: Building solidarity through radical confrontation 跨部门组织：通过激进对抗建立团结
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12322
Tamara L. Lee, Maite Tapia
{"title":"Intersectional organizing: Building solidarity through radical confrontation","authors":"Tamara L. Lee,&nbsp;Maite Tapia","doi":"10.1111/irel.12322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>IR scholars reference intersectionality in relation to organizing, but the field lacks a theoretical construct. Based on 2 years of intimate data access, we examine the 2017 U.S. Women's March as a critical case of “intersectional organizing.” We ground this empirical case study in Critical Race and Intersectionality Theory to show how the intersectional organizing model employed by the Women's March handles identity-based fragmentation, with lessons for building a more inclusive labor movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Beyond the brands: COVID-19, supply chain governance, and the state–labor nexus 品牌之外：新冠肺炎、供应链治理和国家与劳工的关系
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12321
Michele Ford, Michael Gillan, Kristy Ward
{"title":"Beyond the brands: COVID-19, supply chain governance, and the state–labor nexus","authors":"Michele Ford,&nbsp;Michael Gillan,&nbsp;Kristy Ward","doi":"10.1111/irel.12321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyses the role played by brands, producer-country governments, and unions in mitigating the impact of disruptions caused to garment supply chains by COVID-19 in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Myanmar. Its findings challenge brand-centric accounts, highlighting the need for more serious consideration of the dynamic, relational nature of labor governance—and, in particular, of the role of the state–labor nexus in determining producer-country unions' ability to exercise strategic agency within global supply chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work 英国零工送餐的信息化：超灵活和不稳定工作的案例
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12320
Pedro Mendonça, Nadia K. Kougiannou, Ian Clark
{"title":"Informalization in gig food delivery in the UK: The case of hyper-flexible and precarious work","authors":"Pedro Mendonça,&nbsp;Nadia K. Kougiannou,&nbsp;Ian Clark","doi":"10.1111/irel.12320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the process of informalization of work in platform food delivery work in the UK. Drawing on qualitative data, this article provides new analytical insight into what drives individual formal couriers to both supply and demand informalized sub-contracted gig work to undocumented migrants, and how a platform company enables informal work practices through permissive HR practices and technology. In doing so, this article shows how platform companies are enablers of informal labor markets and contribute to the expansion of hyper-precarious working conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Delivering the goods? German industrial relations institutions during the COVID-19 crisis 送货?新冠肺炎危机期间的德国劳资关系机构
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12319
Martin Behrens, Andreas Pekarek
{"title":"Delivering the goods? German industrial relations institutions during the COVID-19 crisis","authors":"Martin Behrens,&nbsp;Andreas Pekarek","doi":"10.1111/irel.12319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused labor market disruptions at an unprecedented scale and is akin to a stress test for industrial relations institutions. Drawing on a large-scale (<i>n</i> = 6111) study of German employees, we empirically investigate whether and how the two institutions comprising Germany's dual system of employee representation—works councils and collective bargaining—have delivered on their protective potential and mitigated the impact of the pandemic on workers. We demonstrate that employees in representative environments fare better on a range of protective outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350027/pdf/IREL-9999-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40596675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A large-scale field experiment on occupational gender segregation and hiring discrimination 关于职业性别隔离和雇佣歧视的大规模实地实验
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12318
Mladen Adamovic, Andreas Leibbrandt
{"title":"A large-scale field experiment on occupational gender segregation and hiring discrimination","authors":"Mladen Adamovic,&nbsp;Andreas Leibbrandt","doi":"10.1111/irel.12318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze the relationship between occupational gender composition and gender discrimination in recruitment and investigate whether there is hiring discrimination against men in female-dominated occupations. We do this with a large-scale field experiment where we submitted more than 12,000 job applications for 12 occupations in Australia, varying the gender of the applicants. Men received around 50% more callbacks than women in male-dominated occupations, while they received over 40% fewer callbacks in female-dominated occupations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The wage impact of being a works council representative in Germany: A case of strategic discrimination? 德国工会代表对工资的影响:一个策略性歧视的案例?
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2022-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12307
Clément Brébion
{"title":"The wage impact of being a works council representative in Germany: A case of strategic discrimination?","authors":"Clément Brébion","doi":"10.1111/irel.12307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Works councils provide an essential mechanism for worker participation in decision-making. While the literature has extensively explored their impact on worker and establishment outcomes, the negotiation process between works council representatives and their employer has remained largely unexplored. This article contributes to filling this gap by investigating wage discrimination towards works councilors in Germany. Fixed effects models leveraging panel data show that councilors receive a wage premium that positively correlates with the sectoral coverage of collective bargaining. In the manufacturing sector, where the tradition of bargaining is heavily entrenched, employers positively discriminate councilors. In contrast, in the service sector, where the culture of bargaining is weak, employers penalize works councilors. In both sectors, partisan and unionized works councilors are the most affected. The most likely hypothesis to explain these results is that employers strategically discriminate these councilors in order to bypass the traditional constraints of establishment-level participation. This article therefore questions the quality of industrial democracy in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irel.12307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109172720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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