International Social Security Review最新文献

{"title":"Rank, Mark Robert. The poverty paradox: Understanding economic hardship amid American prosperity. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2023. 212 pp. ISBN 9780190231236.","authors":"James Midgley","doi":"10.1111/issr.12345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending social protection to migrant workers in the region of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC): An analysis of enablers and barriers","authors":"Christina Lowe, Jessica Hagen‐Zanker, Caterina Mazzilli, Lea Bou Khater, Luca Pellerano, Abigail Hunt","doi":"10.1111/issr.12346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12346","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores factors influencing the extension of social protection to migrant workers in the region of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC). While there are some indications of new momentum for reforms, we find that reforms to address gaps in legal social protection coverage have historically been hindered by the very design of the migration system, including the assumed short‐term migration time frame and over reliance on employer‐sponsored provisions, as well as the political economy in the region, which translates into a segmented labour market and associated social protection entitlements for national and migrant workers, and limited channels for migrant worker representation. Despite some new mechanisms being developed, labour dispute and judicial systems are often ineffective in protecting workers and their families when benefits are not paid. Bureaucratic, financial, language, documentation and geographic barriers constitute further obstacles to migrant workers’ access to social protection in practice. The article closes with key policy implications, including measures for: developing comprehensive legal provisions in line with international standards and principles as well as the commitments to leave no one behind and to ensure social protection for all in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; addressing practical barriers, power imbalances and outreach, monitoring and enforcement gaps; and strengthening dialogue and collaboration between all actors, including GCC and country of origin governments, employers, workers, and wider stakeholders advocating for migrant workers’ rights.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extension of social health protection to refugees","authors":"Aviva Ron, Dorit Nitzan","doi":"10.1111/issr.12342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12342","url":null,"abstract":"The target populations to be covered in this article on the extension of social protection coverage are refugees, as defined by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Our approach to their coverage is based on the pillars of public health and social protection, which together provide the rationale and legislative basis for coverage. The social protection benefits to be covered are comprehensive health services, providing entitlement to services without conditions such as prior contributions or duration of residence. Refugees are vulnerable since they come from conflict areas or go through persecution and personal threat. They carry grief from the loss of family members and friends, property and livelihood, and social and cultural support. Some have sustained injuries before rescue and evacuation and need additional care. They may have chronic diseases and need medications they can no longer access. Some may have communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, and children may have missed scheduled mandatory vaccinations. Refugees are vulnerable to new and re‐emerging infections, as seen in the COVID–19 pandemic. While the focus in this article is on providing health care, the social determinants of health are addressed, including access to education, employment with decent working conditions, and safe environments. We focus on coverage by national authorities and institutions, legislative amendments to enable entitlement to non‐citizens, and provide national examples. Experience has shown that coverage is feasible with the assistance and guidance of international and local organizations and associations and with an acceptance by the existing social protection institutions of the benefits of extending coverage to new members. This article concurs with the principle and pledge of the 2030 Social Development Goals of the United Nations to “leave no one behind”.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pension financialization and collective risk sharing in Canada and Finland","authors":"Jyri Liukko,&nbsp;Aaron Doyle,&nbsp;Turo-Kimmo Lehtonen","doi":"10.1111/issr.12336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article contributes to the debate concerning pension financialization and how countries are adapting their pension systems to respond to demographic ageing. We do so by examining the statutory pension systems of Canada and Finland, which diverge interestingly from current international trends. The Canadian and Finnish public pension schemes reflect two tendencies often associated with pension financialization: an increasing reliance on financial markets and an investment policy with a diversified asset allocation. However, unlike in many other countries, this has not resulted in heightened individual risks in old-age income security caused by a shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pensions – an otherwise common trend internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"91-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The limits of parametric reforms in sustaining the Algerian retirement system in a context of population ageing","authors":"Farid Flici","doi":"10.1111/issr.12335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accelerated population ageing in Algeria threatens the financial sustainability of its pay-as-you-go retirement system. Reform is a necessity, with options ranging from simple parametric reforms to important systemic changes. Prior to undertaking systemic reforms, it is worthwhile to investigate whether parametric reforms can place the system on a financially sustainable footing. In this article, we used a multi-scenario analysis that crosses the possible reform actions with possible socioeconomic scenarios. The results show that when using the most favourable scenarios, the financial balance of the Algerian system will remain negative in the short and long term. Implementing major parametric reforms can only help reduce the deficit and make it stable over time. Thereafter, systemic reforms will have to be implemented.</p><p>En Algérie, le vieillissement accéléré de la population met à mal la viabilité financière du système de retraite par répartition. Une réforme de ce dernier s’avère nécessaire, qu’il s’agisse de simples réformes paramétriques ou de profonds changements systémiques. Avant d’entamer des réformes systémiques, il serait intéressant de se demander si les réformes paramétriques pourraient suffire à redresser le système sur le plan financier. Dans cet article, nous avons croisé les potentielles réformes aux scénarios socio-économiques possibles par le biais d’une analyse à plusieurs scénarios. Les résultats révèlent que l’équilibre financier du système algérien demeurera négatif à court comme à long terme en appliquant les scénarios les plus prometteurs. La mise en œuvre d’importantes réformes paramétriques permettra uniquement de réduire le déficit et de le maintenir dans la durée. Ainsi, des réformes systémiques devront être adoptées.</p><p>El envejecimiento acelerado de la población en Argelia supone una amenaza para la sostenibilidad financiera de su sistema de jubilación de reparto. Es necesaria una reforma, que puede consistir en acometer reformas paramétricas sencillas o en llevar a cabo cambios sistémicos importantes. Antes de efectuar cambios sistémicos, es conveniente investigar si las reformas paramétricas pueden situar al sistema en una posición de sostenibilidad financiera. En este artículo se ha utilizado un análisis de diversas hipótesis que relaciona las posibles medidas de reforma con las posibles hipótesis socioeconómicas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que, si se utilizan las hipótesis más favorables, el equilibrio financiero del sistema de Argelia continuará siendo negativo a corto y largo plazo. Poner en marcha reformas paramétricas significativas solo puede contribuir a reducir el déficit y estabilizarlo a lo largo del tiempo. En consecuencia, se tendrán que acometer reformas sistémicas.</p><p>Die fortschreitende Bevölkerungsalterung in Algerien bedroht die finanzielle Tragfähigkeit des umlagefinanzierten Rentensystems des Landes. Es bedarf einer Reform, wobei die Optionen von einfachen parametrischen Ref","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"47-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the protection of migrant workers with work histories in the European Union and Ibero-America: Enhancing the coordination of international social security instruments","authors":"Daniela Zavando Cerda,&nbsp;Laura Gómez Urquijo","doi":"10.1111/issr.12338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migration affects almost every nation, emphasizing the need to guarantee social security rights for all migrants and their families. This article focuses on the rights of workers who migrate between the countries of the European Union (EU) and the Ibero-American community. In the EU, social security systems are increasingly coordinated through Regulation No. 883/2004 and its Implementing Regulation No. 987/2009. In the Ibero-American community, coordination is sought through the Ibero-American Social Security Convention. Despite convergence between these two international instruments, coordination is still lacking between them. This article presents a comparative analysis to articulate the necessary mechanisms to guarantee coordination, to respect the social security rights of migrant workers. We focus on the cooperation and coordination between regional as well as national systems, specifically looking at the need for and aims of a rapprochement between these two major international coordination instruments to provide greater EU-Ibero-American cooperation. Finally, the importance of promoting greater international cooperation in social security policy and administration is highlighted, to engender the adequate protection of the rights as well as the free movement of migrant workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"25-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital social security accounts for platform workers: The case of Estonia’s entrepreneur account","authors":"Johanna Vallistu","doi":"10.1111/issr.12337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advancements in technology enable new opportunities for creating digital social security accounts, but the effectiveness of these to solve the accessibility and eligibility issues facing platform workers has not been assessed fully in the literature. The potential of digital social security accounts lies in their ability to consider the possible different streams of income of atypical workers and to improve the effective access of these workers to social security. Tax and social security offices can now exchange information on the income of platform workers in real time, which offers the promise of formalizing the previously informal casual work relationships of the self-employed. This article explores the case of the Estonian entrepreneur account as a digital hybrid solution for improving the effective access to social security of platform workers. Digital portable accounts create the conditions for the structural improvement required to respond adequately to meet the changing social security needs of atypical workers. However, this also requires that the policy design be thought through carefully, to avoid digital portable accounts being simply a digital facilitator of outdated solutions.</p><p>Si les progrès technologiques offrent de nouvelles possibilités quant à la création de comptes de sécurité sociale en ligne, jamais aucune étude ne s’est penchée en détail sur la capacité de ces derniers à résoudre les problèmes d’accessibilité et d’ouverture des droits auxquels sont confrontés les travailleurs de plateforme. Le potentiel des comptes de sécurité sociale en ligne repose sur leur faculté à regrouper les différentes sources de revenu des travailleurs atypiques et à garantir un meilleur accès effectif de ces travailleurs à la sécurité sociale. L’administration fiscale et les agences de sécurité sociale peuvent désormais échanger des informations relatives aux revenus des travailleurs de plateforme en temps réel, ce qui devrait formaliser le travail précaire auparavant informel des travailleurs indépendants. Cet article examine le cas du compte entrepreneur en Estonie, qui constitue une solution numérique hybride visant à garantir un meilleur accès effectif des travailleurs de plateforme à la sécurité sociale. Ces comptes uniques en ligne ouvrent la voie aux changements structurels nécessaires pour répondre de manière adéquate aux besoins changeants des travailleurs atypiques en matière de sécurité sociale. Pour ce faire, les politiques doivent aussi être élaborées avec soin afin que les comptes uniques en ligne ne deviennent pas de simples plateformes numériques supportant des solutions obsolètes.</p><p>Los progresos tecnológicos dan pie al surgimiento de nuevas oportunidades para crear cuentas digitales de la seguridad social, si bien en los estudios sobre esta cuestión todavía no se ha analizado plenamente el grado de eficacia de estas cuentas para resolver los problemas de accesibilidad y de elegibilidad a los que se enfrentan los trab","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hwang, Gyu-Jin. Building markets: Distributional consequences of social policy in East Asia. Northampton, MA, Elgar, 2022. 236 pp. ISBN 9781789901078.","authors":"Silvia Borzutzky","doi":"10.1111/issr.12339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expected impact of the 2019 Brazilian pension reform on survivors’ pensions","authors":"Rodrigo Souza Silva,&nbsp;Luís Eduardo Afonso","doi":"10.1111/issr.12334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyses the expected changes in survivors’ pensions resulting from the permanent rules of the 2019 pension reform in Brazil. Actuarial annuities are used for representative worker profiles. The dispersion in the replacement rate values decreases, except for the highest income level. The rates needed to finance survivors’ pensions decrease relatively more than do the rates for old-age pensions. The internal rates of return significantly decrease. There is a heterogeneous change in the distributive aspects of the pension system. The reform shall affect the adequacy and intragenerational equity of old-age and survivors’ pensions.</p><p>Cette étude analyse les modifications attendues à la pension de survivants à la suite de l’entrée en vigueur des réglementations définitives de la réforme des pensions de 2019 au Brésil. Des rentes actuarielles sont utilisées pour les profils des représentants des travailleurs. La dispersion des valeurs de taux de remplacement décroît, sauf pour les niveaux de revenu les plus élevés. Le taux nécessaire au financement des pensions de survivants diminue bien plus que le taux pour les pensions de vieillesse. Le taux de rendement interne a fortement baissé. Les aspects distributifs du système de pensions ont connu un changement hétérogène. La réforme portera sur l’adéquation et l’équité intergénérationnelle des pensions de vieillesse et de survivants.</p><p>En este estudio se analizan los cambios previstos en las pensiones de sobrevivientes resultantes de las disposiciones permanentes de la reforma de las pensiones que se llevó a cabo en el Brasil en 2019. Las anualidades actuariales se utilizan para los perfiles de trabajadores representativos. La dispersión de los valores de la tasa de sustitución disminuye, con excepción de los niveles de ingresos más altos. Las tasas necesarias para financiar las pensiones de sobrevivientes descienden relativamente más que las tasas para las pensiones de vejez. Las tasas internas de rentabilidad descienden de manera considerable. Se ha producido un cambio heterogéneo en los aspectos distributivos del sistema de pensiones. La reforma afectará a la idoneidad y a la equidad intergeneracional de las pensiones de vejez y de sobrevivientes.</p><p>In dieser Studie werden die zu erwartenden Veränderungen bei den Hinterbliebenenrenten analysiert, die sich aus den dauerhaften Regelungen der Rentenreform 2019 in Brasilien ergeben. Für repräsentative Arbeitnehmerprofile werden versicherungsmathematische Annuitäten verwendet. Die Streuung der Ersatzquotenwerte nimmt ab, außer in der höchsten Einkommensstufe. Die zur Finanzierung der Hinterbliebenenrenten erforderlichen Quoten sinken vergleichsweise stärker als die Quoten für die Altersrenten. Die internen Renditen nehmen deutlich ab. Es kommt zu einer heterogenen Veränderung der Verteilungsaspekte des Rentensystems. Die Reform hat Auswirkungen auf die Angemessenheit und die Generationengerechtigkeit der Alters- und Hinterbliebenenre","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 3","pages":"69-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential impact of introducing a social security system in the State of Palestine: A computable general equilibrium approach","authors":"Tareq Sadeq,&nbsp;Mohanad Ismael,&nbsp;Ali Jabarin,&nbsp;Lulit Mitik","doi":"10.1111/issr.12325","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article assesses the potential impact for the State of Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) of enforcing the enactment of the currently suspended Social Security Law (No. 19 of 2016). Using a computable general equilibrium model, we simulate different scenarios associated with the enactment of the social security system on key macroeconomic variables, such as GDP, private consumption, government spending, investment and employment, for the period 2020–2030. We evaluate the influence on the economy of introducing a social security system for private-sector workers, as set out in the 2016 law, and compare the simulation results of each scenario to the baseline. In each scenario, we consider different options concerning severance payment duration and different options for the investment strategy of social security contributions. However, for employees in Gaza, the article does not consider severance payments due to economic difficulties and the Israeli closure policy.</p><p>L’article évalue l’impact que pourrait avoir en l’État de Palestine (Cisjordanie et bande de Gaza) l’application de la loi sur la sécurité sociale (loi n^o 19 de 2016), actuellement suspendue. Nous utilisons un modèle d’équilibre général calculable pour simuler différents scénarios liés à l’introduction du système de sécurité sociale envisagé et mesurer ses effets sur des variables macroéconomiques telles que le produit intérieur brut (PIB), la consommation privée, les dépenses publiques, l’investissement et l’emploi au cours de la période 2020-2030. Nous évaluons l’incidence que l’instauration d’un système de sécurité sociale en faveur des travailleurs du secteur privé, tel que prévu par la loi de 2016, aurait sur l’économie et comparons les résultats obtenus pour chaque scénario avec le scénario de référence. Dans chaque scénario, nous tenons compte de différentes possibilités concernant la durée de versement des indemnités de licenciement et la stratégie d’investissement des cotisations de sécurité sociale. Toutefois, pour les salariés vivant à Gaza, l’article n’examine pas les indemnités de licenciement en raison de la situation économique et de la politique de fermeture menée par Israël.</p><p>En este artículo se evalúan los posibles efectos que tendría la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Seguridad Social (núm. 19 de 2016), actualmente suspendida, en el Territorio Palestino Ocupado (Ribera Occidental y Gaza). Se utiliza un modelo de equilibro general computable para simular diferentes situaciones hipotéticas para el periodo entre 2020 y 2030 en relación con la puesta en marcha del sistema de seguridad social y en lo relativo a variables macroeconómicas clave como el PIB, el consumo privado, el gasto público, la inversión y el empleo. Se evalúan los efectos que tendría en la economía la introducción de un sistema de seguridad social para trabajadores del sector privado, tal como se dispone en la ley de 2016, y se comparan los resultados de la simulación de cada situa","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":"76 2","pages":"55-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}