International Social Security Review最新文献

{"title":"The expected impact of the 2019 Brazilian pension reform on survivors’ pensions","authors":"Rodrigo Souza Silva,&nbsp;Luís Eduardo Afonso","doi":"10.1111/issr.12334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12334","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyses the expected changes in survivors’ pensions resulting from the permanent rules of the 2019 pension reform in Brazil. Actuarial annuities are used for representative worker profiles. The dispersion in the replacement rate values decreases, except for the highest income level. The rates needed to finance survivors’ pensions decrease relatively more than do the rates for old-age pensions. The internal rates of return significantly decrease. There is a heterogeneous change in the distributive aspects of the pension system. The reform shall affect the adequacy and intragenerational equity of old-age and survivors’ pensions.</p><p>Cette étude analyse les modifications attendues à la pension de survivants à la suite de l’entrée en vigueur des réglementations définitives de la réforme des pensions de 2019 au Brésil. Des rentes actuarielles sont utilisées pour les profils des représentants des travailleurs. La dispersion des valeurs de taux de remplacement décroît, sauf pour les niveaux de revenu les plus élevés. Le taux nécessaire au financement des pensions de survivants diminue bien plus que le taux pour les pensions de vieillesse. Le taux de rendement interne a fortement baissé. Les aspects distributifs du système de pensions ont connu un changement hétérogène. La réforme portera sur l’adéquation et l’équité intergénérationnelle des pensions de vieillesse et de survivants.</p><p>En este estudio se analizan los cambios previstos en las pensiones de sobrevivientes resultantes de las disposiciones permanentes de la reforma de las pensiones que se llevó a cabo en el Brasil en 2019. Las anualidades actuariales se utilizan para los perfiles de trabajadores representativos. La dispersión de los valores de la tasa de sustitución disminuye, con excepción de los niveles de ingresos más altos. Las tasas necesarias para financiar las pensiones de sobrevivientes descienden relativamente más que las tasas para las pensiones de vejez. Las tasas internas de rentabilidad descienden de manera considerable. Se ha producido un cambio heterogéneo en los aspectos distributivos del sistema de pensiones. La reforma afectará a la idoneidad y a la equidad intergeneracional de las pensiones de vejez y de sobrevivientes.</p><p>In dieser Studie werden die zu erwartenden Veränderungen bei den Hinterbliebenenrenten analysiert, die sich aus den dauerhaften Regelungen der Rentenreform 2019 in Brasilien ergeben. Für repräsentative Arbeitnehmerprofile werden versicherungsmathematische Annuitäten verwendet. Die Streuung der Ersatzquotenwerte nimmt ab, außer in der höchsten Einkommensstufe. Die zur Finanzierung der Hinterbliebenenrenten erforderlichen Quoten sinken vergleichsweise stärker als die Quoten für die Altersrenten. Die internen Renditen nehmen deutlich ab. Es kommt zu einer heterogenen Veränderung der Verteilungsaspekte des Rentensystems. Die Reform hat Auswirkungen auf die Angemessenheit und die Generationengerechtigkeit der Alters- und Hinterbliebenenre","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential impact of introducing a social security system in the State of Palestine: A computable general equilibrium approach","authors":"Tareq Sadeq,&nbsp;Mohanad Ismael,&nbsp;Ali Jabarin,&nbsp;Lulit Mitik","doi":"10.1111/issr.12325","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article assesses the potential impact for the State of Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) of enforcing the enactment of the currently suspended Social Security Law (No. 19 of 2016). Using a computable general equilibrium model, we simulate different scenarios associated with the enactment of the social security system on key macroeconomic variables, such as GDP, private consumption, government spending, investment and employment, for the period 2020–2030. We evaluate the influence on the economy of introducing a social security system for private-sector workers, as set out in the 2016 law, and compare the simulation results of each scenario to the baseline. In each scenario, we consider different options concerning severance payment duration and different options for the investment strategy of social security contributions. However, for employees in Gaza, the article does not consider severance payments due to economic difficulties and the Israeli closure policy.</p><p>L’article évalue l’impact que pourrait avoir en l’État de Palestine (Cisjordanie et bande de Gaza) l’application de la loi sur la sécurité sociale (loi n^o 19 de 2016), actuellement suspendue. Nous utilisons un modèle d’équilibre général calculable pour simuler différents scénarios liés à l’introduction du système de sécurité sociale envisagé et mesurer ses effets sur des variables macroéconomiques telles que le produit intérieur brut (PIB), la consommation privée, les dépenses publiques, l’investissement et l’emploi au cours de la période 2020-2030. Nous évaluons l’incidence que l’instauration d’un système de sécurité sociale en faveur des travailleurs du secteur privé, tel que prévu par la loi de 2016, aurait sur l’économie et comparons les résultats obtenus pour chaque scénario avec le scénario de référence. Dans chaque scénario, nous tenons compte de différentes possibilités concernant la durée de versement des indemnités de licenciement et la stratégie d’investissement des cotisations de sécurité sociale. Toutefois, pour les salariés vivant à Gaza, l’article n’examine pas les indemnités de licenciement en raison de la situation économique et de la politique de fermeture menée par Israël.</p><p>En este artículo se evalúan los posibles efectos que tendría la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Seguridad Social (núm. 19 de 2016), actualmente suspendida, en el Territorio Palestino Ocupado (Ribera Occidental y Gaza). Se utiliza un modelo de equilibro general computable para simular diferentes situaciones hipotéticas para el periodo entre 2020 y 2030 en relación con la puesta en marcha del sistema de seguridad social y en lo relativo a variables macroeconómicas clave como el PIB, el consumo privado, el gasto público, la inversión y el empleo. Se evalúan los efectos que tendría en la economía la introducción de un sistema de seguridad social para trabajadores del sector privado, tal como se dispone en la ley de 2016, y se comparan los resultados de la simulación de cada situa","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Work Profiler: Revision and maintenance of a profiling tool for the recently unemployed in the Netherlands","authors":"Martijn A. Wijnhoven,&nbsp;Elise Dusseldorp,&nbsp;Maurice Guiaux,&nbsp;Harriët Havinga","doi":"10.1111/issr.12327","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the public employment services of many Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the importance of using profiling tools for job seekers is increasing rapidly in importance. With this trend, there is also widening concern about the risks of an over reliance on such tools. Part of the concern lies with a lack of transparency concerning how such tools work. This article aims to address this by offering a detailed investigation of the Work Profiler – the instrument used in the Netherlands by the Institute for Employee Benefits (<i>Uitvoeringsinstituut Werknemersverzekeringen</i> – UWV) to predict re-employment success and provide a diagnosis of key factors hindering job seekers’ return to work. Professionals use these insights to deepen their understanding of the situation of job seekers and decide together with job seekers how to support their return to work. UWV decided to maintain and revise the Work Profiler through a large-scale study involving a sample of 53,238 people. Work Profiler 1.0 was developed in 2007–2010 and has been in use on a regional basis since 2011 and nationwide since 2015. This article explains how the new tool (version 2.0; implemented in 2018) works and, most importantly, demonstrates the choices made to ensure that it functions well and is used effectively by professionals. These latter two aspects are rarely discussed in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mutuals and community-based insurance in social health protection systems: International experience on delegated functions","authors":"Marietou Niang,&nbsp;Émilie Gélinas,&nbsp;Oumar Mallé Samb,&nbsp;Lou Tessier,&nbsp;Mathilde Mailfert,&nbsp;Aurore Iradukunda,&nbsp;Olivier Louis dit Guérin,&nbsp;Valéry Ridde","doi":"10.1111/issr.12323","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The institutional architecture for the provision of social health protection varies across countries, as do the actors and organizations involved. In some countries, mutual benefit societies and community-based health insurance organizations (CBHI) play a role in this area. In the 1990s, these were promoted particularly as a means of extending social security coverage, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In the current context, the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, as well as renewed political will to realize universal coverage, has led to a questioning of the role of mutuals/CBHI. However, the literature on the roles they play in national social security systems remains limited. For this scoping review, 49 documents were analysed, covering 18 countries worldwide, focused on the delegation of functions to mutuals/CBHI in national social health protection systems. The results reveal the dynamics of the delegation of functions within social protection systems over time and their implementation processes. These provide areas for reflection that can inform policy processes.</p><p>L’architecture institutionnelle sur laquelle repose la protection sociale de la santé varie selon les pays, de même que les acteurs et organismes impliqués. Dans certains pays, les sociétés mutualistes et organismes d’assurance maladie communautaire jouent un rôle central. Dans les années 1990, ces structures ont été promues, notamment parce qu’elles constituaient un moyen d’étendre la couverture de la sécurité sociale, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne. Aujourd’hui, l’adoption du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 et une nouvelle volonté politique de parvenir à la couverture universelle ont conduit à s’interroger sur le rôle des mutuelles et organismes d’assurance maladie communautaire. Toutefois, peu d’études ont été consacrées à leur place dans les systèmes nationaux de sécurité sociale. Cette étude exploratoire, qui repose sur l’analyse de 49 documents couvrant 18 pays répartis dans le monde entier, est axée sur la délégation de fonctions en faveur des mutuelles/organismes d’assurance maladie communautaire dans les systèmes nationaux de protection sociale de la santé. Ses résultats révèlent la dynamique de cette délégation au fil du temps et des processus de mise en œuvre. Ils mettent en lumière des pistes de réflexion de nature à éclairer la formulation de l’action publique.</p><p>La arquitectura institucional en la que se fundamenta la protección social de la salud varía según los países, al igual que los actores y las organizaciones implicados. En algunos países, las mutualidades y las organizaciones de seguros de enfermedad comunitarios desempeñan un papel importante en este ámbito. En el decenio de 1990, estas organizaciones se promovieron sobre todo como medio para extender la cobertura de seguridad social, en particular en el África Subsahariana. En el contexto actual, a raíz de la adopción de la Agenda 2030 para el D","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/issr.12329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work histories and workers’ failure to satisfy pension contribution requirements: A comparison of Mexico and Uruguay","authors":"Ignacio Apella,&nbsp;Gonzalo Zunino","doi":"10.1111/issr.12326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Comparing Mexico and Uruguay, this article examines the work history of workers and the challenges they face to satisfy the minimum contribution period for eligibility to receive a contributory old-age pension. Administrative data on work histories is used to formulate a survival model aimed at estimating hazard rates of entering and transitioning out of a given contribution status. This model is then used to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to forecast contribution histories. Results suggest that the hazard rate is negatively associated with the length of a worker’s spell in his or her current status and warn that, both in Mexico and Uruguay, a significant group of workers will find it difficult to gain entitlement to a contributory pension in old age. The manner in which each of these national systems has addressed the challenges associated with low contribution densities may explain the two countries’ very different coverage results.</p><p>Comparant le Mexique et l’Uruguay, cet article examine la carrière professionnelle des travailleurs et les difficultés auxquelles ils se heurtent pour satisfaire la durée de cotisation minimale exigée pour l’ouverture des droits à une pension de vieillesse contributive. Il fait appel à des données administratives sur les carrières pour formuler un modèle de survie dans le but d’estimer le taux de risque instantané d’accéder à un statut contributif donné et d’en sortir. Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour réaliser une simulation de Monte Carlo afin de prévoir les historiques de cotisation. L’analyse met en évidence une corrélation négative entre le taux de risque instantané et la durée pendant laquelle un travailleur conserve son statut et révèle que, au Mexique comme en Uruguay, les travailleurs seront relativement nombreux à rencontrer des difficultés pour accéder à une pension de vieillesse contributive. La stratégie mise en œuvre par chacun de ces systèmes nationaux face aux difficultés liées aux faibles densités de cotisation explique peut-être la différence de taux de couverture entre les deux pays.</p><p>En este artículo, en el que se compara la situación de México y el Uruguay, se analiza el historial laboral de los trabajadores y los desafíos a los que se enfrentan para cumplir el periodo de cotización mínimo requerido para poder recibir una pensión de vejez contributiva. Se usan datos administrativos sobre los historiales laborales para elaborar un modelo de supervivencia destinado a estimar las tasas de riesgo de entrada y salida de un estado contributivo determinado. Posteriormente se utiliza este modelo para realizar una simulación Monte Carlo para proyectar historiales de cotización. Los resultados parecen indicar que la tasa de riesgo tiene una correlación negativa con la duración del estado en el que se encuentra actualmente el trabajador y advierten de que, tanto en México como en el Uruguay, un número considerable de trabajadores tendrá dificultades para obtener el derecho a recibir una pe","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47248058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midgley, James. Advanced introduction to social protection. Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. 136 pp. ISBN 978 1 80037 627 4.","authors":"Silvia Borzutzky","doi":"10.1111/issr.12328","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Argentina’s Emergency Family Income (IFE): An opportunity for women’s empowerment","authors":"Vanesa D’Elia,&nbsp;Julio Gaiada","doi":"10.1111/issr.12324","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides empirical evidence regarding the impact of the Emergency Family Income (<i>Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia</i> – IFE), which was implemented in Argentina in 2020. Investigated is the impact of the IFE on women’s role in providing household income and on the distribution of roles within households, as a reflection of women’s empowerment. Drawing on various household surveys, the study compared those women eligible to receive the transfer with those who were not. A difference-in-differences (DID) methodology was used to measure the impact. Following the implementation of the IFE, women’s share of couple income and household income is found to have increased by some 8 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively, while the probability of women being solely responsible for household chores has fallen by 4 per cent.</p><p>Cet article présente des données empiriques sur l’impact du revenu familial d’urgence (<i>Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia</i> – IFE), introduit en Argentine en 2020. Il examine les conséquences de cette prestation sur la place des femmes en tant qu’apporteuses de revenu et sur la répartition des rôles au sein du ménage, engageant ainsi une réflexion sur l’autonomisation des femmes. Il s’appuie sur diverses enquêtes conduites auprès des ménages pour comparer les femmes qui ouvrent droit à l’IFE et celles qui ne peuvent pas y prétendre. L’impact est mesuré au moyen d’une méthode des doubles différences. L’article montre qu’après l’entrée en vigueur de l’IFE, la part du revenu des femmes dans le revenu du couple et dans celui du ménage a augmenté de respectivement 8 pour cent et 11 pour cent, tandis que la probabilité que la femme soit la seule à assumer les tâches ménagères a diminué de 4 pour cent.</p><p>En este artículo se facilitan datos empíricos sobre los efectos del Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia (IFE), prestación que se puso en marcha en la Argentina en 2020. Se investiga cómo afecta el IFE al papel que desempeña la mujer en la contribución al ingreso del hogar y a la distribución de las funciones en los hogares para saber cómo se refleja en el empoderamiento de la mujer. A partir de una serie de encuestas de hogares, en el estudio se comparan a las mujeres elegibles para percibir la transferencia de la prestación con las que no lo son. Se utiliza para ello una metodología de diferencias en diferencias (DD) para medir los efectos mencionados. Los resultados sugieren que, tras la puesta en marcha del IFE, la contribución de las mujeres al ingreso de la pareja y al ingreso del hogar aumentó alrededor de un 8 y un 11 por ciento, respectivamente, y la probabilidad de que las mujeres sean las únicas responsables de las tareas del hogar se redujo un 4 por ciento.</p><p>Dieser Artikel liefert empirische Erkenntnisse zum 2020 in Argentinien eingeführten Haushalts-Notfalleinkommen (<i>Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia,</i> IFE). Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen des Haushalt-Notfalleinkommens auf die wirtschaftliche Versor","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michael Cichon (1953–2022) “How to walk the talk”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/issr.12321","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Michael Cichon was an exemplary international civil servant in the best sense of the term. A forceful advocate for social justice, he was an honest man with a clear vision and sharp intellect who genuinely cared for every human being. Being dedicated, principled and generous with his time, he was a role model, teacher, mentor as well as a friend to many of his colleagues and students. Michael was always ready to help those who needed support. He believed in converting words into actions and urged others to do the same.</p><p>Initially trained as a mathematician and actuary, he complemented a Master’s degree in Pure and Applied Mathematics from the Technical University in Aachen, Germany, with a Master’s degree in Public Administration from Harvard University in the United States and a PhD in Health Economics from the University of Göttingen, Germany. He joined the German Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs as an actuary and health economist, and eight years later, in 1983, moved to the Social Security Department of the International Labour Office (ILO). Michael joined the ILO Budapest Office at the time when its multidisciplinary advisory team for Central and Eastern Europe was established to support the countries in the sub-region, which were starting their transitions from centrally planned to market economies. He served in Budapest, between 1993 and 1995, as the senior social security specialist. In 1995, he returned to Geneva as Chief of the Financial, Actuarial and Statistical Branch of the ILO’s Social Security Department and, in 2005, he was appointed Director of the ILO’s Social Security Department. He retired from the ILO at the end of 2012, just six months after the International Labour Conference had adopted a new landmark social security standard, the Social Protection Floors Recommendation (No. 202). His leadership and dedicated commitment and efforts across nearly three decades had culminated with this visionary outcome that provides guidance to countries to improve the lives of billions of people around the world.</p><p>Michael was an ardent promoter of the values and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, on the right to social security for all, and the ILO’s normative framework. He was the visionary strategic policy planner who led the ILO’s work in the field of social security and social protection over 17 years. Michael was a not just a leader, but also an agent of change with a long-term vision of the goals to be achieved. He had a unique talent in touching people’s hearts and minds. He has left a rich legacy that will have an enduring positive impact. As a manager, even when fulfilling time-consuming bureaucratic duties, he never ceased to be fully engaged in departmental research, technical cooperation work and authoring.</p><p>As Chief of the Financial, Actuarial and Statistical Branch, he focused essentially on helping social security institutions around the world to ensure financial sustai","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2022 Greek pension reform: The rebirth of carve-out privatization in Eastern Europe","authors":"Nikola Altiparmakov","doi":"10.1111/issr.12317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/issr.12317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After a decade of unprecedented austerity, Greece abruptly changed the course of pension consolidation in 2022 and implemented the controversial carve-out pension funding approach, whereby a portion of existing pay-as-you-go (PAYG) contributions are diverted to fund individual pension savings, thus undermining the financing of existing PAYG pensions. Although inspired by the World Bank’s 1994 pension privatization blueprint, the Greek 2022 reform features a major policy shift by entrusting the management of individual pension savings to a dedicated government body, ostensibly to try to remedy inherent market failures in private pension provision. Like earlier reforms in Eastern Europe, the multi-decade transition costs of carve-out funding have been vastly underestimated in Greece, which will give rise to fiscal distress in the coming years when annual transition costs become sizeable and favourable international financing terms start to change. Unless firm political commitment is established to implement the measures necessary to finance the transition costs, Greece may have to resort to reform reversals similar to those already implemented across Eastern Europe.</p><p>Après une décennie d’austérité sans précédent, la Grèce a brusquement repensé sa manière de renforcer son système de pension en 2022 et adopté le financement controversé des pensions personnalisées. Ce dispositif implique qu’une part des cotisations au régime par répartition serve au financement des épargnes-retraites des personnes, ce qui, en conséquence, altère le financement des pensions actuelles du régime par répartition. Quoiqu’inspirée du plan de privatisation des retraites de 1994 de la Banque mondiale, la réforme grecque de 2022 marque un revirement politique majeur, en ce qu’elle confie la gestion des épargnes-retraites des personnes à un organisme gouvernemental dédié, apparemment pour tenter de gommer les défaillances du marché quant à la fourniture des pensions privées. À l’instar des nombreuses réformes adoptées par le passé en Europe de l’Est, les coûts liés à la transition vers ce financement personnalisé, qui mettra plusieurs décennies à prendre forme, ont été largement sous-estimés en Grèce. Cette sous-évaluation donnera lieu à des difficultés budgétaires au cours des prochaines années, alors que les coûts annuels de la transition grimpent et que les conditions favorables des financements internationaux commencent à subir des changements. À moins d’un fort engagement politique permettant d’adopter les mesures nécessaires pour supporter les frais de la transition, la Grèce pourrait devoir abandonner sa réforme, comme nous en avons déjà été témoins dans toute l’Europe de l’Est.</p><p>En 2022, tras un decenio de austeridad sin precedentes, Grecia ha cambiado bruscamente la forma de reforzar su sistema de pensiones y ha adoptado la controvertida financiación por transferencia de las pensiones (<i>carve-out pension funding</i>). De acuerdo con este enfoque, una par","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45392934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}