Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Single-bubble sonoluminescence at two adjacent antinodes in a standing wave acoustic field","authors":"Xueping Wang,&nbsp;Jinfu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed both experimental observations and numerical simulations to investigate the formation mechanism of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) light pulses at two adjacent antinodes within a rectangular acoustic resonator. We recorded the light pulses emitted by SBSL at each antinode alongside the corresponding temporal evolution of the acoustic pressure. We calculated and simulated the temporal evolution of the bubble wall, number density of various internal particles, and radiated light pulses and spectra by integrating fluid dynamics equations, the Keller–Miksis equation, and spectroscopic theory. The results showed that the light pulse amplitude emitted by the bubble at the antinode with higher driving acoustic pressure was higher, which concurred with the experimental observations. This suggests that local acoustic pressure significantly influences sonoluminescence characteristics. In addition, the trends in the physical quantities, e.g., temperature, pressure, ionization degree, and energy spectrum, inside the bubbles at both antinodes matched those observed in SBSL within spherical acoustic fields, which underscores the theoretical and experimental importance of clarifying the sonoluminescence radiation mechanism. These findings will enable the optimization of sonochemical reactor designs and spatial control of acoustic cavitation processes in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107662"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ultrasound-assisted atomized plasma-activated water to improve the quality properties of grapes","authors":"Jiayi Wang ,&nbsp;Shun Lv ,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Dilireba Shataer ,&nbsp;Jing Lu ,&nbsp;Li Zheng ,&nbsp;Jun Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immersion washing disinfects microorganisms but requires drying before packaging and can detach grapes. Ultrasonic atomization generates mist and addresses these limitations. Plasma-activated water, a novel non-thermal technology, remains unexplored in atomization mode. This study applied atomized PAW to treat grapes, observing quality attributes during storage (day 0–7) at room temperature. Attributes included physicochemical properties (weight loss, decay incidence, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS)), microbial quality (counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMC), molds, and yeasts (M&amp;Y); microbial community composition), markers of reactive oxygen species (levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), H₂O₂, and O₂^–), and physiological responses related to oxidative stress (activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and chalcone isomerase (CHI)). Results showed PAW had minimal effect on TAA and TSS, while reducing decay and weight loss and maintaining greater firmness versus controls. PAW treatment stimulated SOD, CAT, PAL, and CHI activities, reducing MDA, H₂O₂, and O₂^– levels, indicating PAW mitigates oxidative damage. Microbial analysis showed PAW maintained lower AMC and M&amp;Y counts during storage compared to controls. Gene sequencing revealed <em>Aspergillus</em> abundance increased with storage time, becoming dominant on days 4 and 7; however, PAW treatment maintained lower <em>Aspergillus</em> abundance than controls, reducing decay risk. After PAW treatment, <em>Glomerella</em> and <em>Geosmithia</em> showed less fluctuation during storage versus controls, with <em>Glomerella</em> maintaining highest abundance throughout. This suggests PAW may inhibit <em>Aspergillus</em> through microbial interactions by stabilizing <em>Glomerella</em> and <em>Geosmithia</em> abundance. This study confirms atomized PAW enhances grape quality during storage, supporting reduction of post-harvest losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dendrite fragmentation dynamics in acoustic flow with oscillating cavitation bubbles revealed in situ by synchrotron X-ray radiography","authors":"S. Wang ,&nbsp;J. Kang ,&nbsp;Z. Guo ,&nbsp;K. Xiang ,&nbsp;J. Wang ,&nbsp;X. Li ,&nbsp;M. Zou ,&nbsp;J. Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We used synchrotron X-ray radiography to study in-situ and in real-time the fragmentation dynamics of multiple dendritic microstructures in a Ga-40wt.% In alloy under ultrasound. A dedicated U-shaped quartz tube was designed and used as the sample holder to create well-controlled solidification conditions in a relatively large field of view suitable for imaging acoustic flow, cavitation bubbles, and their dynamic interactions with growing multiple dendrites. Without the presence of oscillating cavitation bubbles, the acoustic flow is able to bend multiple dendrites and then fragment them through cyclic fatigue mechanism over tens to hundreds of seconds. The local swirling flow, formed due to geometric constraints or flow obstacles, can trap and encircle multiple dendrites within the swirl, resulting in 3–4 times higher dendrite fragmentation efficiency than the linear streaming flow. The oscillating cavitation bubbles are more energetic and effective in causing mechanical fatigue fragmentation of dendrites, which often occur at the roots of dendrite arms in a time scale of ∼ 10 ms. Dendrite main trunks may also be fragmented by cavitation bubbles in a much longer time scale (i.e., a few seconds). The real-time observations have unambiguously revealed the fragmentation efficiency of multiple dendrites caused by different flow types and cavitation bubbles in the ultrasound processing conditions that are often found in industrial operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107684"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending classical nucleation theory to consider curvature and real-gas effects","authors":"Mazyar Dawoodian,&nbsp;Ould el Moctar","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a Classical Nucleation Theory framework that explicitly incorporates curvature-dependent surface tension (Tolman correction) and real-gas behavior (Van der Waals correction) to predict cavitation inception at nanoscale gaseous nuclei. Validation is achieved through molecular dynamics simulations. The findings highlight the significant role of nanoscale gaseous nuclei in lowering the tensile strength required for cavitation initiation. The results show that our new CNT formulation predicts lower cavitation pressures than the Blake threshold, closely matching molecular dynamics simulations. The Tolman correction is most relevant for nuclei below about 10 nm, while for larger nuclei its effect becomes negligible and the model reduces to a Van der Waals–only description. Finally, our results illustrate that differences between cavitation pressures using the Van der Waals and ideal gas models are greatest for smaller nuclei and lower temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107649"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic degradation of levofloxacin (LEV) by Cu2+-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under hydrodynamic cavitation (HC): Efficiency and mechanistic insights","authors":"Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Weibin You ,&nbsp;Sivakumar Manickam ,&nbsp;Haiyan Bie ,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang ,&nbsp;Xun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively eliminate excess antibiotics from aqueous environments and to mitigate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), this study proposes a novel degradation system that activates peroxymonosulfate (PMS) through a synergistic combination of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and divalent copper ions (Cu²⁺). Levofloxacin (LEV) is employed as the representative target contaminant to evaluate the system’s performance. HC has emerged as a promising technique for pollutant removal. In this study, the localized high-temperature and high-pressure conditions generated by HC not only partially activated PMS but also facilitated its interaction with Cu²⁺ ions, leading to a pronounced synergistic enhancement in sulfate radical (SO₄^<img>−) generation and efficient pollutant degradation. Under optimized HC/Cu²⁺/PMS conditions (Cu²⁺ = 5 mM, PMS = 2.5 mM, inlet pressure = 0.15 MPa, pH = 10), complete removal of LEV (30 mg/L) was achieved within 50 min. This study elucidates the degradation mechanisms and pathways of LEV within the coupled HC/Cu²⁺/PMS system and evaluates the ecological safety of its degradation intermediates using the U.S. EPA’s T.E.S.T. (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool). Furthermore, the system’s applicability was validated through degradation experiments involving a range of representative pollutants, demonstrating its broad-spectrum effectiveness. Crucially, the HC/Cu²⁺/PMS system demonstrated a superior cavitation yield (2.78 × 10⁻⁵ mg/J) and a low electrical energy per order (EE/O) of 229.48 kWh/m³, highlighting its high energy efficiency and practical potential for sustainable wastewater treatment. The experimental results emphasize the system’s strong potential for the effective removal of organic pollutants from water, offering a novel and sustainable approach for advanced water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107679"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted coating and UV irradiation as hurdle technology to augment anti-browning and disinfection efficacy on fresh-cut apples","authors":"Jiayi Wang,&nbsp;Dahai Zhang,&nbsp;Ruohan Meng,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Hou,&nbsp;Dilireba Shataer,&nbsp;Li Zheng,&nbsp;Jun Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fresh-cut fruits are prone to quality deterioration from enzymatic browning and microbial contamination. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a conventional method for disinfection and browning inhibition but does not provide prolonged effects post-treatment. Coating serves as a preservation technique offering continuous protection for fresh produce through solution immersion. However, this method involves solution waste and potential cross-contamination. Ultrasonic atomization coating (UA) is an emerging non-thermal technology that generates less waste and eliminates cross-contamination risk compared to traditional methods. In this study, ascorbic acid (AA), a common anti-browning agent, was selected as coating solution. Results showed that 1 % AA applied via UA for 3 min and UV irradiation for 10 min were optimal single treatment conditions, and 7 min of UV followed by 3 min of UA was optimal combined treatment. The effects of UV-UA, UV, and UA on physiological characteristics and microbial inactivation of fresh-cut apples during storage (0–2 days) were evaluated. UV-UA treatment more effectively inhibited peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, reaching 57–60 % and 72–84 % of control group levels during storage, thereby reducing browning index. The disinfection efficacy against <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium and <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H showed UV-UA was comparable to UV at day 0, and achieved lowest microbial counts (3.84–4.04 log CFU/g) during storage (days 1–2). Similarly, UV-UA’s disinfection efficacy against aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds, and yeasts matched UV at day 0, resulting in lowest counts (2.09–2.46 log CFU/g) during days 1–2. In conclusion, UV-UA integrates UV disinfection with UA’s sustained effects while avoiding liquid waste and cross-contamination issues of traditional coating methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107666"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of extraction methods for Scorias spongiosa polysaccharides: Yield, bioactivity, and anti-aging potential","authors":"Yiting Xue ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ji Yan ,&nbsp;Junhao Qiu ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zeng ,&nbsp;Yixin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoren Huang ,&nbsp;Xinjue Li ,&nbsp;Lingyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Lingtian Wu ,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Scorias spongiosa</em>, a highly nutritious edible fungus native to bamboo forests, is colloquially known as “Bamboo bird’s nest”. Polysaccharides are its primary bioactive ingredients, but comparative studies on their structural characteristics, <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects across different extraction methods remain scarce. In this study, <em>Scorias spongiosa</em> polysaccharides (SSPs) were extracted using five distinct techniques, including room-temperature water extraction (RWE, 37°C), hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted water extraction (UAE), ultrasound-assisted acid extraction (UAE-H), and ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction (UAE-OH). Among these techniques, UAE-OH was identified as the most efficient approach for SSPs preparation, mainly owing to its higher polysaccharide yield (25.4 ± 3.77 %), improved purity (85.25 ± 4.13 %), and enhanced antioxidant activity. In addition, SSPs-UAE-OH possessed the robust anti-senescence effect by mitigating H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and SA-β-gal expression in H9C2 cells. Structural analysis revealed that SSPs-UAE-OH primarily consists of glucose, with a molecular weight of 490 KDa, and FT-IR spectroscopy suggested its potential classification as an α/β-dextran. Furthermore, ultrasonic power was optimized to 500 W through a yield- and activity-guided approach, achieving an enhanced SSPs-UAE-OH yield (32.57 ± 1.57 %) and significantly improved the viability of H9C2 cells (82.33 ± 3.74 %). This study not only established an efficient extraction protocol for SSPs but also elucidated the structural basis of their antioxidant and anti-aging properties <em>in vitro</em>. These findings provide critical insights for developing SSPs-based functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107655"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Nucleation using a Vortex-based Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device: Application to Antisolvent Crystallization of Paracetamol – Methanol – Water System","authors":"Vidit Tiwari ,&nbsp;Subhrajit Swain ,&nbsp;Vivek V. Ranade","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleation is the onset of the crystallization process, and enhancing its rate is fundamental to intensifying crystallization, be it in a batch or continuous mode of operation. The present work investigates, for the first time, the influence of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) on enhancing the nucleation rate of paracetamol crystallization in a methanol–water system. Initially, the experiments were performed in a batch mode to determine the induction time using a vortex-based HC device (VD). The experimentally determined induction time was found to decrease with supersaturation. The use of HC was found to enhance nucleation and significantly reduce induction time. An appropriate correlation to estimate induction time is developed. Based on these findings, the VD-based continuous nucleator using a loop configuration was developed to intensify the performance of a continuous oscillatory baffle crystallizer (COBC). The VD-based nucleator improved the yield and productivity of the COBC, significantly reducing the risk of encrustation and clogging in the bends of the COBC. The approach and results presented in the current study will provide a sound basis for harnessing VD-based hydrodynamic cavitation for enhancing nucleation and intensifying antisolvent crystallization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107668"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic evaluation and platform construction of kinetics modeling for herbal extraction in phytomedicine","authors":"Peng Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhexuan Yu ,&nbsp;Tianxue Chen ,&nbsp;Li Yu ,&nbsp;Yu He ,&nbsp;Weifeng Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kinetic modeling for herbal extraction in phytomedicine is of great importance for understanding the underlying mechanisms and improving process control and extraction efficiency. This study provides a systematic, comprehensive analysis and rigorous derivation of commonly used kinetic models, including ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, partial differential equation (PDE) models, and empirical fitting models. Notably, the intrinsic logical relationships among these models are elucidated, highlighting that many differential equation models exhibit hierarchical or subordinate structures. This study further evaluates the performance of these models using experimental data reported in academic theses. A comprehensive assessment is conducted based on four criteria: the coefficient of determination (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>), Akaike information criterion (AIC), residual normality test (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), and mean value test (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). Model stability is also examined to ensure the robustness of the evaluation results. The results offer practical guidelines for selecting appropriate kinetic models and highlight the superior performance of the film theory model across most evaluation metrics. Additionally, when applied to ultrasound-assisted extraction data, the film theory model indicates that the rate constant <em>k</em> tends to increase with increasing ultrasonic power, whereas <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></math></span> show no consistent trends. These findings indicate a possible influence of ultrasonic power on mass transfer and extraction efficiency, which deserves further investigation. To facilitate model fitting and comparative analysis, this work develops an integrated modeling platform that enables researchers to easily use and evaluate various kinetic models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107646"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network model-based optimization of Polygonum perfoliatum L. Polysaccharide ultrasonic-assisted extraction, structural characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Meiling Wu ,&nbsp;Guifeng Xu ,&nbsp;Yusang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu ,&nbsp;Shunyao Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengdan Shen ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Senlin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Polygonum perfoliatum</em> L. (PP) is utilized in Miao medicine for treated herpes zoster, gynecological inflammation and poisonous snakebites. However, research on its polysaccharides with therapeutic potential remains limited. In this study, polysaccharides from PP were extracted via ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), with parameters were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling, using the transfer rate and purity of crude polysaccharides as indicators. Optimal conditions were: liquid-to-solid ratio 35 mL/g, three 29-min cycles, 72 ℃ temperature, and 415 W ultrasonic power. This achieved a comprehensive score of (96.96 ± 6.23) %. The prediction results of the RSM and the two ANN models were compared. Ultimately, the extraction conditions predicted by the genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network were identified as providing the optimal outcome. Following Sephadex purification, fraction S-PPP3 (79 kDa) was isolated. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that S-PPP3 is composed of six distinct monosaccharides: L-arabinose, D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and L-Rhamnose. Structural analysis further revealed that the main backbone of S-PPP3 primarily consists of repeating units of → 4)-β-D-Gal<em>p</em>-(1 → and → 4,6)-β-D-Gal<em>p</em>-(1 → . Side chains are attached at the C-6 position of the → 4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → residues and incorporate structural motifs such as T-α-L-Ara<em>f</em>-(1 → 5)-α-L-Ara<em>f</em>-(1 → 5)-α-L-Ara<em>f</em>-(1→, T-α-D-Man<em>p</em>-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalA<em>p</em>-(1→, and T-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → . Furthermore, Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of S-PPP3 was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, demonstrating significant efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of S-PPP3 as a functional food or anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107654"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}