Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Numerical study on the evolution of cavitating flow and collapse-induced erosion characteristics in high-speed hydraulic tunnel.","authors":"Bin Liu, Hao Yu, Zhanchao Yin, Xiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While hydrodynamic cavitation and the associated erosion during cavity collapse have received significant attention, existing research has predominantly focused on small-scale geometries like Venturi tubes. In this study,afirst high-resolution numerical simulation is conducted to investigate cavitation and erosion phenomena within a large-scale, high-speed hydraulic tunnel.We employthe large eddy simulation approachto investigatethe characteristics of cavitation structures under varying cavitation numbers.The study elucidatesthe pressure loss process induced by cavitation blockage flow, anddiscussesthe vortex-induced cavitation mechanism along with the feedback effect of cavity collapse on vortical structures. Ata representative cavitation number of 0.89, the cavitation dynamics are dominated by a spatially partitioned coexistence mechanism of condensation shock and re-entrant jet-induced shedding. This partitioning phenomenon is primarily attributed to the tunnel's asymmetric geometry and the significant gravitational effects inherent to large-scale hydraulic tunnels. Novel methods based on physical theory are proposed for identifying cavity collapse regions within the flow field and predicting wall erosion risk regions;these methods have beenexperimentally validated. The wall erosion risk under the condensation shock shedding cycle is found to be significantly higher than that under the re-entrant jetcycle. Furthermore, wall erosion in hydraulic tunnels is more likely to occur near the boundaries, with high-risk areas concentrated primarilyin the downstream regions. Conversely, cavitation occurs withintheextensive middle regions of each wall. This disparity arises because cavitation initiates more readily on smooth surfaces, whereas collapse-induced erosion is favored in pressure recovery zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107631"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the efficiency of pulsed electric field and ultrasonication in enhancing collagen susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis.","authors":"Elahe Sharifi, Ingrid Undeland, Mehdi Abdollahi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since collagen has naturally evolved to be durable, producing collagen hydrolysate with low molecular weight (LMW) peptides which typically results in high bioactivity is a challenge. Here, the efficiency of ultrasound (US) and pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatments in enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of starfish collagen biomass (SFCB) and the antioxidant capacity of the resulting hydrolysate were evaluated. Both pretreatments significantly improved the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and reduced the required hydrolysis time compared to the conventional methods. The DH of SFCB hydrolysate pretreated with US reached 20 % at 60 min while that of the PEF treatment reached 21 % at 120 min, matching the DH of the conventional hydrolysis at 240 min. US and PEF hereby increased the collagen hydrolysate recovery, particularly compensating for a low enzyme-to-substrate ratio (0.5 % v/w). The pretreatments resulted in collagen peptides with significantly higher antioxidant properties, as assessed by ABTS and DPPH assays. The IC50 values of ABTS radical inhibition were found to be 0.68, 0.43, and 0.84 mg/ml for the collagen peptides produced by the US, PEF pretreatments and conventional enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. Applying PEF and US pretreatment at an enzyme concentration of 0.5 % v/w, increased the proportion of collagen hydrolysate with MW < 10 KDa to 64 % and 59 %, respectively, compared to the conventional method which yielded only 43 %. The enhancements in the antioxidant activities were linked to the increased proportion of LMW peptides (<10 kDa) and elevated relative levels of antioxidative amino acids e.g. glycine, proline, basic amino acids, and hydrophobic amino acids in the peptides produced using US and PEF pretreatment. Overall, US and PEF pretreatments effectively increased collagen susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, improving efficiency and generating peptides with superior antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107633"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted green technology for decaffeination of Gayo Arabica coffee: Process parameter optimization and kinetic modelling","authors":"Yuyun Yuniati ,&nbsp;Jimmy Jimmy ,&nbsp;Yoyok Budi Pramono ,&nbsp;Mahfud Mahfud","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caffeine reduction in<!--> <em>Coffea arabica</em> <!-->has become increasingly important due to growing health concerns related to excessive caffeine intake.<!--> <!-->This study investigates ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as a<!--> <!-->green, solvent-free<!--> <!-->method for the selective decaffeination of Gayo Arabica coffee, using water as the extraction medium. The effects of extraction time (2–12 min), feed-to-solvent (F/S) ratio (0.100–0.150 g/mL), and temperature (40–70 °C) were evaluated. Kinetic modeling<!--> <!-->was performed using six models: first-order, second-order, hyperbolic, power law, Elovich, and Weibull. The extraction exhibited<!--> <!-->biphasic behavior, with an initial<!--> <!-->fast-release phase (2–10 min)<!--> <!-->followed by a<!--> <!-->slower diffusion-controlled phase (10–12 min). Among the models tested, the<!--> <!-->power law model<!--> <!-->provided the best fit, with<!--> <!-->R² values up to 0.9881<!--> <!-->and<!--> <!-->RMSE as low as 0.0017, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy. Optimal conditions<!--> <!-->were achieved at<!--> <!-->60 °C, 10 min, and an F/S ratio of 0.125 g/mL, yielding<!--> <!-->66–68 % caffeine recovery. Under these conditions, the power law constants ranged from<!--> <!-->B = 0.6247–0.7152<!--> <!-->and<!--> <!-->n = 0.1456–0.1891, indicating enhanced mass transfer due to ultrasonic cavitation.<!--> <!-->Statistical validation<!--> <!-->via ANOVA (R2 = 0.9968) and residual analysis confirmed the model’s robustness. Compared to conventional methods,<!--> <!-->UAE<!--> <!-->showed significant improvements in<!--> <!-->energy efficiency, extraction speed, and preservation of bioactive and sensory properties. This research advances<!--> <!-->sustainable decaffeination technologies<!--> <!-->and offers a<!--> <!-->scalable kinetic framework<!--> <!-->for other plant-based bioactive extractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 107627"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the coupling mechanism of nozzle structure-cavitation impact under submerged environment.","authors":"Xiuneng Li, Xide Cheng, Wenjiang Hou, Shidong Fan, Xiaofeng Guo, Xiangshu Lei, Zhenlong Fang, Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water jet technology has broad potential in marine engineering due to its high efficiency, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. This study aims to enhance the cavitation fragmentation performance of jets by integrating underwater erosion experiments with large eddy simulations to investigate the influence of petal-shaped nozzle structural parameters on cavitation impact characteristics. A multiscale analysis method integrating cavitation impact and damage mechanisms, along with a metric for cavitation intensity, has been established to quantify the cavitation impact performance of jets. Experimental and computational fluid dynamics results show that the organ-pipe nozzle (O.N₄₀) with a diffusion angle of 40° has the maximum cavitation strength at target distance L/D_e = 6. The optimum target distance L/D_e = 8 occurs for a petal-shaped nozzle (P.N₂₇) with a diffusion angle of 27°. Under these conditions, the cavitation erosion intensity is 2.29 times greater than that of O.N₄₀. Microporous regions caused by bubble collapse were identified via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Localized high-pressure phenomena emerge during cavitation cloud collapse, accompanied by outwardly propagating pressure waves. P.N₆₀ cavitation bubbles exhibit a greater development rate and spatial range with higher bubble density, generating stronger cavitation impacts at the target surface. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) was applied to cavitation data in the shock flow field. The steady cavitation flow field was captured in the high-energy modes. The spatio-temporal evolution of microbubbles was accurately characterized by higher-order modes. This study elucidated the interaction mechanisms between nozzle structure and cavitation impact and provided theoretical foundations for optimizing nozzle designs in submerged rock-breaking applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107632"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of ultrasonic extraction and kinetic modeling of jieduquyuziyin prescription polysaccharides via explainable machine learning.","authors":"Xiaowen Yao, Anting Ma, Guojun Wang, Zhongpeng Ding, Shunyao Zhu, Dong Li, Huimin Zhang, Meihong Ding, Senlin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant polysaccharides, due to their unique pharmacological activities, are highly promising candidates in drug development. However, different extraction methods and processes have significant effects on the structure, yield, and pharmacological activity of plant polysaccharides. In this study, taking Jieduquyuziyin prescription polysaccharides (JPP) as an example, we optimized its ultrasonic-assisted extraction process using response surface methodology and two explainable machine learning (ML) models (random forest and artificial neural networks). In addition, the extraction kinetic equation of JPP was established, and by comparing it with the prediction results of the two ML models, it was ultimately confirmed that the JPP extraction conditions and kinetic model predicted by the RF model were optimal. Structural analysis results showed that JPP had a rough surface and porous internal structure, and contains various monosaccharides such as glucose (65.25 mol%) and galactose (28.59 mol%). Finally, preliminary experiments confirmed that JPP exhibits in vitro antioxidant activity. This provides a certain foundation for the large-scale development and application of JPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107635"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of vortex-cavitation coherent structures in self-excited cavitation waterjets under sound waves excitation.","authors":"Zhenlong Fang, Houwen Yu, Bowen Hou, Shidong Fan, Xiangshu Lei, Xiaofeng Guo, Wenjiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-excited cavitation waterjets have been widely employed in surface treatment, material cutting, and equipment cleaning owing to their low cost and high energy conversion efficiency. This study investigates the evolution of vortex-cavitation coherent structures in self-excited cavitation waterjets under ultrasonic excitation using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). External vibrational excitation was applied via a user-defined vibrating boundary within the Helmholtz nozzle chamber. The results showed that synchronization between vortex shedding and cavitation evolution was enhanced at an resonant frequency excitation of f_e = 2.029 kHz. In contrast, long-distance cavitation bubble transport was enhanced, while dominant microbubble collapse fragmented vortex structures under ultrasonic excitation at f_e = 25 kHz. POD analysis revealed that resonant excitation concentrated 80 % of the total energy in the first 200 modes, highlighting the dominance of vortex-induced cavitation. High-frequency excitation dispersed energy more broadly, with only 50 % of the total energy captured by the first 200 modes. Although the first vorticity mode remained large-scale, the second to fourth modes revealed disordered small-scale vortices due to intensified shear. These results elucidate the dynamic interplay between vortices and cavitation under ultrasonic excitation and provide a theoretical foundation for the active optimization of cavitation waterjet performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107634"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from citrus peel by olive oil and its application in functional emulsions.","authors":"Juanjuan Wei, Boyun Tao, Zimao Ye, Yi Li, Zhiqin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus fruit is one of the most popular fruits in the world. The increasing production of citrus fruit globally leads to substantial amounts of peel waste generated during processing, which is often discarded and adds the burden on the environment. However, citrus peel is rich in phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, which can be used as an excellent source of natural additives and antioxidants. In the current study, olive oil was used to extract carotenoids from the peels of 11 citrus varieties under ultrasonic conditions. Among them, the content of carotenoids in the peel of Dahongpao red mandarin (DHPHJ) was the highest, which was 933 µg/g dry weight (DW). The optimum extraction process of carotenoids using olive oil with ultrasound-assisted involved extraction temperature of 55 °C, solid-oil ratio of 6:10, and extraction time of 70 min, resulting in the carotenoid yield of 157.07 µg/g. Stability tests and physicochemical indexes showed that the prepared carotenoid emulsion exhibited stability without water-oil separation and maintained a homogeneous state. Furthermore, the moisturizing properties of the emulsion indicated that carotenoid concentrations of 4 %, 6 %, and 8 % had 8-hour moisturizing properties, with the 8 % carotenoid emulsion keeping the highest moisture level. Additionally, antioxidant experiments showed that with the increase of carotenoid concentration in emulsion, its free radical scavenging ability was enhanced. Meanwhile, the antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the inhibitory effect on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was augmented with higher carotenoid concentrations in the emulsion. Specifically, 8 % carotenoid emulsion exhibited notable antioxidant and antibacterial ability. Finally, sensory evaluation results indicated that the carotenoid emulsion received a high acceptance score, comparable to commercially available moisturizing emulsion. Therefore, carotenoids extracted from citrus peel waste using olive oil can be used as natural additives for emulsion products and improve their efficacy. These findings are of great significance to the utilization of citrus by-products, as well as the sustainable development of cosmetics industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107629"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of refined sunflower oil with phenolic extracts from argan (Argania spinosa L. (Skeels)) co-products using ultrasound-assisted extraction","authors":"Otmane Hallouch ,&nbsp;Bouchra Bounasser ,&nbsp;Abderrahim Asbbane ,&nbsp;Angelo Maria Giuffrè ,&nbsp;Waleed Al Abdulmonem ,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Bouyahya ,&nbsp;Khalid Majourhat ,&nbsp;Said Gharby","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetable oils, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, are highly susceptible to oxidation, requiring antioxidants to ensure stability. In this study, phenolic-rich extracts from argan (<em>Argania spinosa L</em>. (Skeels)) co-products were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and incorporated into refined sunflower oil (100 and 200 ppm). The oxidative stability of enriched oils was compared to a non-enriched control and vitamin E-supplemented oils. Chemical characterization confirmed that argan co-products extracts contained high levels of phenolics and flavonoids with strong antioxidant activity. Quality indices (peroxide value, acidity, p-anisidine, K₂₃₂, K₂₇₀, and fatty acid profile) showed no significant changes between enriched and control oils, indicating that the ultrasound enrichment process did not compromise oil quality. Rancimat analysis demonstrated a marked improvement in oxidative stability, particularly for pulp extracts at 200 ppm, which yielded the longest induction period compared to both controls. These findings highlight the potential of argan co-products as sustainable sources of natural antioxidants, offering an efficient and safe alternative to synthetic stabilizers in edible oils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 107624"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved properties of high-moisture extruded meat analogs using ultrasound-treated Nannochloropsis gaditana and chickpea protein concentrate.","authors":"Lu Lu, Jian Zhu, Yating Sun, Hang Yu, Weibiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research studied ultrasound treatment for improving the quality of meat analogs made from Nannochloropsis gaditana and chickpea protein concentrate (CP) via high-moisture extrusion (HME). Ultrasound was applied at three intensities (105, 158, and 210 W/cm²) and four durations (5, 10, 20, 30 min) to treat N. gaditana cells. The ultrasound treatment at 158 W/cm² for 30 min was found to result in the optimal disruption for extrusion without adhesion of cellular debris or intracellular materials to the surface. Extrudates containing ultrasound-treated N. gaditana exhibited more continuous and elongated fibers with better textural properties compared with those with untreated N. gaditana. Specific mechanical energy (SME) was negatively correlated with fibrous structure. Among them, the extrudates with 30% ultrasound-treated N. gaditana (30%-U group) had the highest fibrous degree (2.13 N/N) and the lowest SME (37.70 kJ/kg). Structural analysis showed a higher β-sheet content in the ultrasound-treated samples, contributing to protein network stabilization via enhanced disulfide and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, protein digestibility increased from 68.77-78.32% in raw samples to 75.43-84.37% after the ultrasound treatment. Sensory evaluation results indicated that acceptability of the 30%-U group was closest to commercial meat analogs, although color and flavor remained to be improved. The ultrasound treatment of N. gaditana improved the structure and nutritional value of meat analogs prepared by N. gaditana and CP, which demonstrated its potential as an emerging technology for preparing sustainable microalgae-based protein products.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107626"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Sonosensitizers-based SDT with enhanced ROS generation.","authors":"Qianyun Shan, Rumei Li, Bin Ying, Wei Zhu, Xiaojin Wu, Shouxing Xu, Xuanxuan Zhang, Zhikang Xu, Xinyue Zhu, Weiyu Chen, Kai Zhang, Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic sonosensitizer-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging, non-invasive strategy for cancer treatment, leveraging ultrasound (US) activation to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce tumor cell apoptosis. However, the clinical translation of SDT is limited by two key factors: the intrinsically low ROS quantum yield of many organic sonosensitizers and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), which restricts O₂-dependent ROS generation. This review systematically examines recent molecular design strategies aimed at enhancing ROS production, including heavy atom incorporation, donor-acceptor (D-A) architecture design, π-conjugation extension, and solubility modulation. Furthermore, we evaluated innovative O₂-delivery/generation tumor reoxygenation approaches for enhanced SDT, such as O₂-nanocarriers, in-situ catalytic O₂ generation, and mitochondrial respiration modulation etc. Notably, integrating clinically validated sonosensitizers like porphyrins with translational O₂-delivery systems such as perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions or vascular normalization, offers a synergistic strategy to overcome tumor hypoxia, amplify ROS generation, and unlock the full therapeutic potential of SDT in future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"122 ","pages":"107625"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}