Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Revisit to the mechanism of quenching: Power effects for sonochemical reactions","authors":"Ryota Aoki,&nbsp;Kanji D. Hattori,&nbsp;Takuya Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the mechanism that the sonochemical reactions are quenched due to an increase in ultrasonic power was investigated through six experiments, stability analysis, and numerical simulations. The experiments involved measuring the sonochemical reaction rate, observing sono-chemiluminescence (SCL), conducting particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement, measuring sound pressure, observing bubble motion, and measuring the degassing rate of dissolved oxygen. Through these experiments and numerical simulations, the phenomena could be classified into three regions in response to ultrasonic power. In the region of small ultrasonic power, the superposition of ultrasound is good, and the reaction rate increases with the ultrasonic power. However, at higher ultrasonic power, the superposition of ultrasound is deteriorated, suppressing the bubble nucleation and growth due to rectified diffusion. This results in a lower fluid flow velocity due to acoustic streaming, a smaller reaction rate, and smaller degassing rate. At much higher ultrasonic power, the ultrasonic standing waves are changed into traveling waves resulting in bubble cluster formation and movement, as well as a smaller chemical reaction rate. These experimental results and the proposed mechanisms were also supported by the numerical simulation and stability analysis results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 107419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound effect on the pre-germination soaking stage of pigmented rice: Impact on nutritional and technological aspects","authors":"Thauana Heberle ,&nbsp;Filipe Soares Rondan ,&nbsp;Gustavo Gohlke ,&nbsp;Erico M.M. Flores ,&nbsp;Muthupandian Ashokkumar ,&nbsp;Marcia Foster Mesko","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the impact on the pre-germination of red (SCS 120 Rubi) and black (SCS 120 Onix) rice by ultrasound (US) was evaluated before and after the rice soaking step. The efficiency of the US on the pre-germination process was assessed by considering the germination rate and nutritional and technological aspects. For experiments with US, an ultrasonic bath (40 kHz, 18.6 ± 2.3 W L^-1 of power density) was used. The process was optimized using an experimental design containing five variables: solution (ultrasonic bath) temperature, sonication time, rice grain mass, soaking time, and soaking temperature (soaking medium). After the pre-treatment, rice grains were germinated in an incubator at 40 °C for 36 h. For the selected conditions for each cultivar using US, silence conditions (with only magnetic stirring), and control experiments (without US and magnetic stirring) were performed to evaluate the effect of US on grain germination. The best germination rate for both rice cultivars was obtained using US for 5 min (93 %) and 15 min (100 %), respectively. Under these conditions, the germination rate was up to 32 % higher than in the silence and control procedures, demonstrating that the US improved the germination rate. In addition, the best pre-germination procedures using US showed lower fracturability and hardness of rice grains, and a reduction in the cooking time compared to control and silence pre-germination procedures. The use of US did not cause significant changes in the color, luminosity, and nutritional aspects of the rice grains, which is important for the consumers acceptance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 107421"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of anti-inflammatory actives from corn silk (Zea mays L.): Process optimization, machine learning screening, and interaction mechanisms","authors":"Hong-Fu Zhao ,&nbsp;Si-Yi Han ,&nbsp;Lu Xiao ,&nbsp;Bo-Kang Yu ,&nbsp;Ning Xia ,&nbsp;Ying-Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammation is an important immune response in our organism, the intervention of anti-inflammatory substances is critical to control inflammation, in which Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) serves as a key target to inhibit inflammatory factors. This study employed ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to prepare isoorientin from corn silk (<em>Zea mays L.</em>), optimizing extraction parameters to achieve a maximum yield of 1.26 mg/g isoorientin under optimal conditions. A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was utilized to screen four potential COX-2 inhibitors, including isoorientin, whose excellent inhibitory activities were validated through in vitro COX-2 inhibition assays. Notably, isoorientin demonstrated significant COX-2 inhibitory potency with an IC₅₀ value of 18.38 ± 0.38 μg/mL. Oral toxicity testing revealed that isoorientin exhibited non-toxic or low-toxic characteristics compared to the other three compounds, indicating superior safety profiles. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were combined to elucidate the binding mechanism of isoorientin with COX-2, confirming that stable interactions were mediated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects. This work provides a theoretical framework for the rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory compounds, establishes a high-value utilization pathway for corn silk, thereby contributing to the advancement of green and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 107420"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of a continuous sonoreactor for cotton cellulose residues recovery","authors":"Pierre Dal ,&nbsp;Julie Kring ,&nbsp;Dalma Schieppati ,&nbsp;Daria C. Boffito","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical simulations are a tool for sonoreactors design and reaction parameters choice. We modeled a sonoreactor with six lateral flat transducers along the walls and a concentric high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer at the bottom. We examined the effects of the gap between the reflector and transducers (<em>h</em>), cone radii in the lower part and ultrasound frequency (<em>f</em>) on the cavitation activity of cellulose esters solutions. Then, we investigated the effects of the properties of cellulose solutions on the cavitation activity. The simulation accounts for the attenuation due to the cavitation bubbles and considers the propagation of sound waves from the HIFU as linear. We measured the speed of sound in a cellulose esters solutions and included it in our simulations: 1545 m s⁻¹ for 6.25 g L^-1. <em>h</em>, <em>f</em>, the density (<em>ρ</em>) and the viscosity (<em>μ</em>) of the cellulose solutions have the most significant effects − accounting for 34 % to 61 % of the variance − on the total acoustic pressure (<em>p_T</em>) and active cavitation surface area (<em>V</em>). <em>p_T</em> and <em>V</em> increase as <em>f</em> and <em>ρ</em> increase, and as h and <em>μ</em> decrease. At 78 kHz and <em>h</em> = 0.075 m, with <em>μ =</em> 5.3 × 10^-3 Pa.s and <em>ρ</em> = 941.8 kg m⁻³, the simulation resulted in the highest <em>p_T</em> and largest <em>V</em>: 1.96 × 10⁶ Pa and 3.99 × 10⁻² m². These data provide a basis to optimize sonoreactor design and operating conditions for enhanced cavitation performance in cellulose processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 107418"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances uptake of doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles in cancer cells","authors":"Farshad Moradi Kashkooli ,&nbsp;Anshuman Jakhmola ,&nbsp;Graham A. Ferrier ,&nbsp;Monika Lodyga ,&nbsp;Kevin Rod ,&nbsp;Jahangir (Jahan) Tavakkoli ,&nbsp;Michael C. Kolios","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distinctive physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), such as biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and a high surface area-to-volume ratio, make AuNPs one of the most suitable candidates for cancer nanomedicine applications. However, achieving efficient uptake of drug-loaded AuNPs into cancer cells has remained a significant challenge in drug delivery. One promising non-invasive, pleiotropic modality that could enhance the cellular uptake of drug-loaded AuNPs by facilitating the transport through cell membranes is low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). This study employs cell experiments (viability and flow cytometry tests), finite element simulations, and dark-field/hyperspectral cell imaging to demonstrate that LIPUS significantly enhances the cellular uptake of doxorubicin-loaded AuNPs and free drug in cancer cells. The synergistic effects of low-intensity ultrasound and therapeutic agents further reduce cell viability, exceeding the effects of ultrasound or doxorubicin-loaded AuNPs alone. Driven by the thermal and mechanical mechanisms induced by LIPUS, this approach enhances endocytosis and sonoporation, thereby increasing cellular uptake of AuNPs and free drug through active and passive transport mechanisms. This results in a substantial improvement in treatment efficacy, marking a promising advancement in targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 107417"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing energy transfer in NIR ruthenium(II) complexes to enhance stability and efficiency in sonodynamic therapy","authors":"Dazhuang Xu ,&nbsp;Qixuan Dai ,&nbsp;Jian Sun ,&nbsp;Yibo An ,&nbsp;Ziying Wang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Lu ,&nbsp;Chengchao Chu ,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in nanomedicine have driven the development of multifunctional theranostic platforms for targeted cancer therapy. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) holds a distinct advantage over traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) by harnessing ultrasound-triggered sonosensitizer activation, enabling deeper tissue penetration for treating deep-seated tumors. In this study, we present IR780-TPEY-Ru, a nanoplatform<!--> <!-->specifically engineered for imaging-guided SDT to address challenges posed by deep-seated tumors. This platform is engineered through the synergistic integration of π-expansive ligands (IR780) with tetraphenylethylene (TPE), yielding a distinct Ru(II) complex that possesses exceptional electronic and structural properties, particularly in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Significant progress has been achieved through the integration of π-expanded tridentate ligands, which facilitate the generation of low-lying intraligand (³IL) and intraligand charge transfer (³ILCT) states, with ligands that enhance near-infrared absorption characteristics. The optimized IR780-TPEY-Ru exhibits both NIR-enabled bioimaging capabilities and exceptional therapeutic potential, particularly for deep-seated tumors, due to its sustained response to ultrasound stimulation. This study offers a promising strategy for developing tailored sonosensitizers for imaging-guided sonodynamic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 107415"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced calcium and thermal stability of whey protein hydrolysate stabilized emulsions by ultrasound-assisted glycosylation: Influence of the degree of glycosylation","authors":"Congzhen Shi ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Deng ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Tang ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Jiarui Zeng ,&nbsp;Mingwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycosylation can enhance the thermal stability and ionic tolerance of protein hydrolysate emulsions. Ultrasound-assisted wet-heat glycosylation (UA) and precise control over the degree of glycosylation (DG) are crucial for optimizing the modification effects. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the influence of UA on the macroscopic stability of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH)-xylose (XL) conjugate emulsions. WPH-XL complexes (NWPH-XL) and wet-heat glycosylation (WH) served as controls. Both UA and WH reduced the interfacial adsorption capacity, interfacial interactions, and interfacial strength of WPH, with the extent of these reductions increasing with increasing DG. When DG up to 50 %, an “active” state characterized by high surface hydrophobicity and molecular flexibility, potentially promoting emulsion droplet aggregation during sterilization and storage. Notably, compared to WH, UA accelerated the reaction rate, inhibited the formation of AGEs, and improved the interfacial adsorption capacity, interfacial interactions, and interfacial strength of the conjugates by dissociating large aggregates. Consequently, UA conjugates with DG of about 20 % exhibited the strongest interfacial layer stability, effectively resisting oil droplet aggregation induced by 15 mM Ca²⁺ and sterilization at 121 °C (emulsion particle size of 276 nm). Taken together, these findings elucidated the mechanisms by which UA improves the stability of WPH-based complex emulsion systems from the perspective of interfacial behavior and highlighted the advantages of UA in enhancing the environmental tolerance of protein hydrolysates, expanding their potential applications in food emulsions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 107413"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of bioactive polyphenols recovery from Flammulina velutipes stem waste using nonionic surfactant-integrated ultrasound-assisted extraction","authors":"Huimin Huo ,&nbsp;Haiying Bao ,&nbsp;Hao Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of cultivating edible and medicinal mushrooms results in considerable biomass waste, which can be a rich source of bioactive compounds. This research aimed at optimizing the yield of polyphenols and improving the antioxidant potential of extracts derived from the stem waste of <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> (FVS). Notably, this investigation is the first to harness FVS as a raw material for the extraction of total polyphenols by nonionic surfactant-integrated ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. Through the screening of nonionic surfactants, it was determined that Genapol X-080 exhibited the highest efficacy in extracting phenolic constituents. When comparing the total polyphenol yields obtained from FVS via various extraction methods, it was found that UAE yielded significantly more polyphenols compared to both stirring-assisted and heating extraction methods. Furthermore, the sustainability analysis highlighted that the combination of nonionic surfactants with UAE presents a more environmentally friendly option, achieving a score of 0.73 in the Analytical Greenness Calculator. To optimize the extraction parameters, response surface methodology was utilized. The ideal conditions determined were: an ultrasound time of 90 min, a temperature of 44 °C, a 75 % ethanol concentration, and ultrasonic power set at 160 W. Comparative assessments revealed that the refined UAE method enhanced the extraction rate by 27.35 %, while simultaneously decreasing energy use by 66.67 %. Moreover, evaluations of the antioxidant levels in the samples showed that the optimized FVS extracts consistently demonstrated superior antioxidant activities across all evaluated free radical scavenging tests (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and hydroxyl radicals). These results provide significant insights into the effective utilization of mushroom stem waste and advance efforts in the valorization of biomass byproducts from the mushroom industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 107408"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of indium from HCl stripped indium-loaded organic phase solutions by EQCM: Electrochemical behavior and nucleation mechanisms","authors":"Shiju Li ,&nbsp;Haibei Wang ,&nbsp;Shengdong Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Xie ,&nbsp;Xudong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to reduce the duration of the recovery process for indium from zinc oxide dust, an electrodeposition technique was employed, utilizing a hydrochloric acid stripping solution as the electrolyte. A study of the cyclic voltammetry-EQCM of conventionally electrodeposited indium and of ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of indium was undertaken. The valence transition of conventionally electrodeposited indium was found to be In²⁺-In⁺, In³⁺-In; that of ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition of indium is In²⁺-In⁺-In, In³⁺-In. Furthermore, the Scharifker and Hills model underwent modification due to the negative values of the timed amperage curve currents, which resulted in the dimensionless processed timed amperage curve (j/j_max)²-(t/t_max) conforming to the specification. Concurrently, it was determined that ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition has the capacity to impede the precipitation of hydrogen, chlorine, and trivalent arsenic on the cathode deposition. The chronoamperometric study demonstrated that conventional electrodeposition exhibited transient nucleation at deposition potentials of −0.75 V, −0.78 V, −0.80 V, and −0.82 V. Conversely, ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition manifested transient nucleation at deposition potentials of −0.75 V, −0.78 V, and −0.82 V, along with gradual nucleation at the −0.80 V potential. Furthermore, at the same electrodeposition potential, ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition resulted in greater nucleation density values (N) than conventional electrodeposition. Furthermore, ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition has been shown to enhance current efficiency. In addition, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis has revealed that the indium deposited on the cathode exhibits high purity. Moreover, the surface morphology of the indium layer deposited by conventional electrodeposition is characterized by flocculent structures, while the indium layer deposited by ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition demonstrates a spherical morphology. This provides a novel concept for the large-scale production of indium sponge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 107410"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced degradation of lindane in water by sulfite-assisted ultrasonic (SF/US) process: The critical role of generated aqueous electrons","authors":"Alin Xia,&nbsp;Haitao Yu,&nbsp;Longyuan Tan,&nbsp;Laxiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent pesticides pose significant environmental and health risks due to their strong resistance to conventional degradation methods. This study investigates the degradation of lindane (LND), a perchlorinated pesticide, using a sulfite-assisted ultrasonic (SF/US) process, focusing on the critical role of aqueous electrons (e_aq^–) in reductive dechlorination. Aqueous electrons were indirectly identified as the primary reactive species in the SF/US system for pollutant degradation, providing insights into US-induced reduction mechanisms. The SF/US system significantly enhanced LND removal, achieving 99.4 % ± 1.0 % degradation within 100 min, compared to 88.9 % ± 1.5 % under ultrasound alone. Kinetic analysis showed that sulfite addition nearly doubled the reaction rate constant (from 0.022 to 0.041 min⁻¹), confirming that e_aq^– drive LND degradation more efficiently than hydroxyl radicals (HO^•). Scavenging experiments further demonstrated that nitrate strongly inhibited degradation, while <em>tert</em>-butanol (TBA) had minimal effect, verifying that e_aq^–, rather than HO^•, dominate the process. The efficiency of SF/US was influenced by various factors, with optimal removal achieved at 200 kHz, oxygen-depleted conditions, and pH 10. The degradation pathway primarily involved sequential reductive dechlorination of LND, progressing through pentachlorocyclohexene, tetrachlorocyclohexadiene, and trichlorobenzene intermediates before ultimately forming non-toxic aromatic derivatives such as hydroquinone and phenol. These findings highlight SF/US as a novel and highly efficient strategy for the remediation of chlorinated pesticides in water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 107411"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}