Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献

{"title":"CFD-PBM modelling for predicting the size and distribution of silica nanoparticles synthesized in an ultrasound-assisted swirling vortex flow reactor","authors":"Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Weibin Shi ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Guichao Wang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Yang ,&nbsp;Weibiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A coupled computational fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM) framework is developed and experimentally validated to predict the size and distribution of silica nanoparticles in an ultrasound-assisted swirling vortex flow reactor (SVFR). Two key aggregation parameters (i.e., bridge strength parameter <em>A_p</em>, and the initial particle number coefficient <em>C</em>₁) are identified and corrected against experimental data, enabling accurate prediction of primary and secondary peaks in the particle size distribution. The modelling results show that increasing vortex Reynolds number promotes particle collisions, leading to a high frequency of particle collisions and thus relatively large particle sizes, while ultrasound exerts a dual effect by enhancing collisions and simultaneously suppressing excessive aggregation via turbulence-induced shear. These findings highlight the critical role of ultrasound-assisted turbulence in controlling nanoparticle formation, providing insights for reactor design and scale-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107663"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction enhances recovery of antioxidant-rich carbohydrate fraction from mixed microalgae species","authors":"Eldwin Ze Hao Ooi ,&nbsp;Eng-Seng Chan ,&nbsp;Cher Pin Song ,&nbsp;Janarthanan Pushpamalar ,&nbsp;Yee-Ying Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of ultrasonic processing parameters on the functional and physicochemical properties of microalgae carbohydrates remain poorly understood, despite evidence from plant-based extractions showing that sonication conditions strongly influence bioactive compound yield and antioxidant activity from carbohydrates. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters on the yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of carbohydrates extracted from defatted mixed microalgae biomass. A single-factor approach was employed to test different extraction times (10–30 min), amplitudes (20–100 %), and solid-to-solvent ratios (1:10–1:30 g/mL). All analyses were conducted in triplicate, and statistical significance was determined at p &lt; 0.05. Results showed that processing time was the most influential factor in improving antioxidant activity. Under optimal UAE conditions (25 min, 100 % amplitude, 1:15 g/mL), the extract contained significantly higher uronic acid, sulphate, and fibre contents (p &lt; 0.05) compared to hot water extraction. These changes corresponded to stronger antioxidant activity (∼35 % increase in DPPH radical scavenging). Correlation analysis further revealed that uronic acid had the strongest positive influence on antioxidant activity. In conclusion, UAE improved both the yield and antioxidant properties of microalgae carbohydrates compared with hot water extraction. With its high fibre content and bioactivity, the extract may have potential applications as a functional food ingredient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107656"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction of yellow leaves of Pu’er tea polysaccharides: Extraction process, characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity","authors":"Ao Zhao ,&nbsp;Lina Sun ,&nbsp;Fu Xu,&nbsp;Wendie Gan,&nbsp;Biaoying Guo,&nbsp;Lianzhou Jiang,&nbsp;Xia Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yellow leaves of Pu’er tea are classified as lower-grade Pu’er tea, and polysaccharides being its principal active components. Pu’er tea polysaccharides (PTPS) were optimally extracted from yellow leaves of Pu’er tea using ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction with the following parameters: solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 (w/v), ultrasonic temperature of 70 °C, ultrasonic power of 500 W, and ultrasonic time of 40 min. Two fractions, PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A, were clearly isolated and purified. Their antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects were compared in a lab after examining their structural features. PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A were mostly composed of fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. They manifested as flexible chains and assumed a linear spline curve suggestive of an earthworm-like conformation. The nuclear magnetic resonance investigation found α- and β-glycosidic linkages (<em>δ</em>4.30–5.95 ppm and <em>δ</em>4.29–4.97 ppm, respectively) in PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A. PTPS-4A had enhanced DPPH and hydroxyl radical removal, with IC₅₀ values of 1.79 ± 0.07 mg/mL and 6.42 ± 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. The intermediate concentration value of 5.22 ± 0.08 mg/mL of PTPS-4A indicated a stronger inhibitory impact on α-glucosidase. PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A did not affect α-amylase in any way. The PTPS-4A fraction from this study may be further processed to create polysaccharide-based hypoglycemic and antioxidant products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107653"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced extraction of beetroot peel polyphenols using response surface methodology and their stabilization in W/O/W emulsions using whey protein isolates","authors":"Iqra Nasim ,&nbsp;Nauman Khalid","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the bioactive compounds in beetroot peel and their stabilization in W/O/W emulsions for potential use in future food industrial applications. The extraction of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants from beetroot peels was performed with the green extraction method, and their effects were determined through spectrophotometric methods. Box-Behnken Design was used for optimizing extraction parameters and model validation. The design suggested a quadratic model for all the responses. The minimum and maximum coded values examined for the experimental design included extraction time (10–30 min), sample concentration (1–5 %), and operating power (10–50 W). The W/O/W emulsions were prepared with varying concentrations of whey protein isolates (WPI) (1 % (E₁), 2 % (E₂), and 3 % (E₃) (w/w)). The emulsions were studied in terms of creaming index, viscosity, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant determination, color analysis, droplet size distribution, and optical microscopy on samples stored for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days at 4 °C. The optimized conditions for maximum extraction of polyphenols were 21.72 min, 4.99 % sample concentration, and 49.76 W power. The yield of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH, and ABTS activity was 46.5 mg GAE/g DW, 10.9 mg QE/g, 66.3 %, and 89.6 % respectively. 3 % (w/w) WPI provided the highest color retention, oxidative and physical stability, and encapsulation efficiency. Overall, it was observed that all the independent factors played a significant role in the extraction of phytochemicals from beetroot peel extract and could be improved to maximize model responses. The formulated emulsion has potential for utilization in future food applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107638"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of ginkgo flavonol glycosides with natural deep eutectic solvent-based supramolecular solvents","authors":"Han Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiangzhou Li ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanhong Yang ,&nbsp;Wensheng Li ,&nbsp;Peng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address potential issues such as low efficiency, prolonged processing time, the environmental friendliness deficiency of traditional extraction processes of ginkgo flavonol glycosides, this study adopted an ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides with natural deep eutectic solvent-based supramolecular solvent/equilibrium solution (NADES-SUPRAS/EqS). With the assistance of ultrasound, this method achieved an efficient and green extraction process, especially demonstrating significant advantages in reducing extraction time. Through experimental optimization, the optimal conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 160 W, treatment duration 15 min, solid-to-liquid ratio 40 mg/mL, and extraction temperature 30 ℃. Under these conditions, the yield of Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides reached 8.025 mg/g. Recovery experiments confirmed excellent recyclability of the NADES-SUPRAS/EqS solvent, achieving a flavonol glycoside recovery rate of 91.3 %. This approach holds significant potential for industrial-scale production of Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides. Microstructural analysis revealed that the NADES-SUPRAS/EqS solvent formed normal micellar vesicles with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic corona, and the combination of ultrasonic action could effectively disrupt the cell walls of Ginkgo leaves. Density functional theory (DFT)-based molecular modeling elucidated the extraction mechanism, demonstrating strong hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions between the NADES-SUPRAS/EqS solvent and rutin. The significance of this research lies in offering a reference framework for green and efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction studies of natural bioactive compounds, which may provide a feasible technical solution for production of ginkgo flavonol glycosides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107664"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-powered bovine bone protein hydrolysate-flaxseed gum emulsions: modulation of stability, interfacial properties, and curcumin bioaccessibility","authors":"Niancheng Hong ,&nbsp;Shengnan Liu ,&nbsp;Yueyu Bai ,&nbsp;Yaodi Zhu ,&nbsp;Miaoyun Li ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhao ,&nbsp;Gaiming Zhao ,&nbsp;Dong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing stable and functional emulsions using natural emulsifiers remains a key challenge in the food industry, particularly due to the limited interfacial activity and weak compatibility of protein–polysaccharide systems under conventional processing methods. In this study, we prepared bovine bone protein hydrolysate–flaxseed gum (BBPH–FG) composite emulsions using ultrasound-assisted technology to address these challenges and to improve emulsion stability, interfacial behavior, and curcumin delivery performance. Ultrasonic power (0–1000 W) had a significant effect on emulsion properties, with the optimal results obtained at 750 W. At this power level, the droplet size decreased to 11.74 μm, the polydispersity index (PDI) to 0.291, and the zeta potential reached − 19.66 mV, indicating enhanced electrostatic repulsion and homogeneity. At this level, the interfacial protein adsorption rate and interfacial protein concentration increased to 79.85 % and 36.12 mg/m², forming a compact interfacial film that enhanced stability. After 25 days of storage, the 750 W-treated emulsions exhibited the lowest peroxide value (9.24 mg/L) and TBARS (1.25 mg/L), as well as the highest curcumin encapsulation efficiency (82.1 %) and bioaccessibility (71.37 %). This study demonstrates that moderate ultrasound power facilitates the molecular rearrangement and synergistic interaction of BBPH and FG, thereby enhancing emulsion functionality and providing a promising strategy for developing polysaccharide-based delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107658"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-bubble sonoluminescence at two adjacent antinodes in a standing wave acoustic field","authors":"Xueping Wang,&nbsp;Jinfu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed both experimental observations and numerical simulations to investigate the formation mechanism of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) light pulses at two adjacent antinodes within a rectangular acoustic resonator. We recorded the light pulses emitted by SBSL at each antinode alongside the corresponding temporal evolution of the acoustic pressure. We calculated and simulated the temporal evolution of the bubble wall, number density of various internal particles, and radiated light pulses and spectra by integrating fluid dynamics equations, the Keller–Miksis equation, and spectroscopic theory. The results showed that the light pulse amplitude emitted by the bubble at the antinode with higher driving acoustic pressure was higher, which concurred with the experimental observations. This suggests that local acoustic pressure significantly influences sonoluminescence characteristics. In addition, the trends in the physical quantities, e.g., temperature, pressure, ionization degree, and energy spectrum, inside the bubbles at both antinodes matched those observed in SBSL within spherical acoustic fields, which underscores the theoretical and experimental importance of clarifying the sonoluminescence radiation mechanism. These findings will enable the optimization of sonochemical reactor designs and spatial control of acoustic cavitation processes in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107662"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ultrasound-assisted atomized plasma-activated water to improve the quality properties of grapes","authors":"Jiayi Wang ,&nbsp;Shun Lv ,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Dilireba Shataer ,&nbsp;Jing Lu ,&nbsp;Li Zheng ,&nbsp;Jun Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immersion washing disinfects microorganisms but requires drying before packaging and can detach grapes. Ultrasonic atomization generates mist and addresses these limitations. Plasma-activated water, a novel non-thermal technology, remains unexplored in atomization mode. This study applied atomized PAW to treat grapes, observing quality attributes during storage (day 0–7) at room temperature. Attributes included physicochemical properties (weight loss, decay incidence, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS)), microbial quality (counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMC), molds, and yeasts (M&amp;Y); microbial community composition), markers of reactive oxygen species (levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), H₂O₂, and O₂^–), and physiological responses related to oxidative stress (activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and chalcone isomerase (CHI)). Results showed PAW had minimal effect on TAA and TSS, while reducing decay and weight loss and maintaining greater firmness versus controls. PAW treatment stimulated SOD, CAT, PAL, and CHI activities, reducing MDA, H₂O₂, and O₂^– levels, indicating PAW mitigates oxidative damage. Microbial analysis showed PAW maintained lower AMC and M&amp;Y counts during storage compared to controls. Gene sequencing revealed <em>Aspergillus</em> abundance increased with storage time, becoming dominant on days 4 and 7; however, PAW treatment maintained lower <em>Aspergillus</em> abundance than controls, reducing decay risk. After PAW treatment, <em>Glomerella</em> and <em>Geosmithia</em> showed less fluctuation during storage versus controls, with <em>Glomerella</em> maintaining highest abundance throughout. This suggests PAW may inhibit <em>Aspergillus</em> through microbial interactions by stabilizing <em>Glomerella</em> and <em>Geosmithia</em> abundance. This study confirms atomized PAW enhances grape quality during storage, supporting reduction of post-harvest losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted coating and UV irradiation as hurdle technology to augment anti-browning and disinfection efficacy on fresh-cut apples","authors":"Jiayi Wang,&nbsp;Dahai Zhang,&nbsp;Ruohan Meng,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Hou,&nbsp;Dilireba Shataer,&nbsp;Li Zheng,&nbsp;Jun Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fresh-cut fruits are prone to quality deterioration from enzymatic browning and microbial contamination. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a conventional method for disinfection and browning inhibition but does not provide prolonged effects post-treatment. Coating serves as a preservation technique offering continuous protection for fresh produce through solution immersion. However, this method involves solution waste and potential cross-contamination. Ultrasonic atomization coating (UA) is an emerging non-thermal technology that generates less waste and eliminates cross-contamination risk compared to traditional methods. In this study, ascorbic acid (AA), a common anti-browning agent, was selected as coating solution. Results showed that 1 % AA applied via UA for 3 min and UV irradiation for 10 min were optimal single treatment conditions, and 7 min of UV followed by 3 min of UA was optimal combined treatment. The effects of UV-UA, UV, and UA on physiological characteristics and microbial inactivation of fresh-cut apples during storage (0–2 days) were evaluated. UV-UA treatment more effectively inhibited peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, reaching 57–60 % and 72–84 % of control group levels during storage, thereby reducing browning index. The disinfection efficacy against <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium and <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H showed UV-UA was comparable to UV at day 0, and achieved lowest microbial counts (3.84–4.04 log CFU/g) during storage (days 1–2). Similarly, UV-UA’s disinfection efficacy against aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds, and yeasts matched UV at day 0, resulting in lowest counts (2.09–2.46 log CFU/g) during days 1–2. In conclusion, UV-UA integrates UV disinfection with UA’s sustained effects while avoiding liquid waste and cross-contamination issues of traditional coating methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107666"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dendrite fragmentation dynamics in acoustic flow with oscillating cavitation bubbles revealed in situ by synchrotron X-ray radiography","authors":"S. Wang ,&nbsp;J. Kang ,&nbsp;Z. Guo ,&nbsp;K. Xiang ,&nbsp;J. Wang ,&nbsp;X. Li ,&nbsp;M. Zou ,&nbsp;J. Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We used synchrotron X-ray radiography to study in-situ and in real-time the fragmentation dynamics of multiple dendritic microstructures in a Ga-40wt.% In alloy under ultrasound. A dedicated U-shaped quartz tube was designed and used as the sample holder to create well-controlled solidification conditions in a relatively large field of view suitable for imaging acoustic flow, cavitation bubbles, and their dynamic interactions with growing multiple dendrites. Without the presence of oscillating cavitation bubbles, the acoustic flow is able to bend multiple dendrites and then fragment them through cyclic fatigue mechanism over tens to hundreds of seconds. The local swirling flow, formed due to geometric constraints or flow obstacles, can trap and encircle multiple dendrites within the swirl, resulting in 3–4 times higher dendrite fragmentation efficiency than the linear streaming flow. The oscillating cavitation bubbles are more energetic and effective in causing mechanical fatigue fragmentation of dendrites, which often occur at the roots of dendrite arms in a time scale of ∼ 10 ms. Dendrite main trunks may also be fragmented by cavitation bubbles in a much longer time scale (i.e., a few seconds). The real-time observations have unambiguously revealed the fragmentation efficiency of multiple dendrites caused by different flow types and cavitation bubbles in the ultrasound processing conditions that are often found in industrial operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107684"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}