Audiology Research最新文献

{"title":"Hearing Loss, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: Clinical Intersections.","authors":"Danielle S Powell, Carrie L Nieman, Per Thorsell, Natalie A Phillips, Ingrid Ekström","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16040097","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16040097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Age-related hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in older adults and has emerged as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. Increasing evidence from epidemiological, neurobiological, and interventional studies has improved our understanding of the complex relationships between auditory dysfunction and cognitive aging. By highlighting findings in these areas, this review aims to aid clinicians and researchers gain a better understanding of the association between hearing loss, cognitive decline and dementia, and the importance of considering sensory decline during cognitive screening. <b>Methods</b>: This narrative review summarizes and integrates findings from epidemiological, neurobiological, and clinical studies examining relationships between hearing loss, cognitive decline, and dementia. Particular focus was placed on epidemiological associations, proposed mechanistic pathways, implications for screening and diagnostic assessment, and evidence regarding hearing rehabilitation interventions. <b>Results</b>: Accumulating evidence indicates that hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and increased dementia risk. Proposed mechanisms include increased cognitive load, reduced sensory input, social isolation, depression, and shared neurodegenerative or vascular pathology, although causal pathways remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that hearing rehabilitation may help preserve cognitive function in some groups, but findings remain heterogeneous. Clinical studies further support the importance of considering auditory function during cognitive assessment, as unrecognized hearing impairment may influence test performance, communication, and diagnostic accuracy. <b>Conclusions</b>: Current evidence supports hearing loss as an important factor in cognitive aging and dementia research and highlights the potential value of integrating hearing assessment and management into clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure-Less Acoustic Immittance-Derived Middle Ear Resonance Frequency: Repeatability and Comparison with Multifrequency Tympanometry.","authors":"Zsuzsanna Piros, Szilárd Gyula Rezes, Rita Kiss, Beáta Lelesz, Gyula Ujlaki, Béla Juhász, Zoltán Szilvássy","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16040098","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16040098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study evaluated the intra-session repeatability, reliability, and clinical consistency of resonance frequency derived from pressure-less acoustic immittance (PLAI), and compared the results with those obtained using conventional multifrequency tympanometry under identical clinical conditions. <b>Methods</b>: In this pilot methodological comparison study, resonance frequency (RF) measurements were obtained in 15 subjects (30 ears) using multifrequency tympanometry (MFT) and pressure-less acoustic immittance (PLAI). Three consecutive measurements were performed for each ear using both methods. Agreement between methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. Within-method repeatability was assessed using range, coefficient of variation, repeatability coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficients. <b>Results</b>: PLAI demonstrated lower intra-session variability than MFT. The mean within-series SD was 96.6 Hz for MFT and 10.5 Hz for PLAI. The coefficient of variation was 9.3% for MFT and 3.2% for PLAI, while intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.60 and 0.83, respectively. The repeatability coefficient was ±367 Hz for MFT and ±47 Hz for PLAI. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a systematic difference between the two methods, with a mean bias of 580.7 Hz and 95% limits of agreement between 247.5 Hz and 913.9 Hz, indicating that the two methods are not interchangeable. <b>Conclusions</b>: PLAI demonstrated higher repeatability than MFT. Its lower variability may support a more consistent clinical interpretation; PLAI-derived RF may therefore represent a stable method-specific parameter for middle ear assessment. However, RF values should be interpreted within method-specific frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Preliminary Validation of the Turkish Prosodic Comprehension Test (PCT).","authors":"Merve Savaş, Göknur Miray Ceyhan Tasin, Senanur Kahraman Beğen, Melis Buse Arslan, Ayşe Nur Koçak, Tutku Altıntaş","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16040099","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16040099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Prosodic cues play a critical role in marking syntactic boundaries and guiding sentence interpretation. However, Turkish clinical language batteries lack dedicated measures targeting linguistic prosody and the syntax-prosody interface. Consequently, subtle auditory-prosodic comprehension difficulties may go undetected in stroke populations who perform within normal limits on standard aphasia assessments. This study presents the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Prosodic Comprehension Test (PCT), a Turkish sentence-picture matching tool designed to isolate prosodic contributions to meaning under controlled syntactic conditions. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 440 neurologically healthy native Turkish-speaking adults participated. An initial pool of 80 sentences (40 minimal pairs), identical in segmental and syntactic structure but differing in interpretation through prosodic boundary placement, was created. Audio stimuli were recorded by a professional actor, and corresponding visual stimuli represented alternative interpretations. Following expert review, 32 sentences (16 pairs) were retained and organized into three subcomponents: In situ Prosody, Focus-Topic Marking, and Pragmatic Disambiguation. Administration included fixed-intensity auditory presentation and a structured learning phase. <b>Results</b>: Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.73). Principal component analysis was consistent with the theoretically proposed three-component structure (KMO = 0.74; Bartlett's test significant, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with the three components collectively accounting for 28.2% of the total variance. Convergent validity was supported by a significant positive correlation with MoCA-TR (r = 0.23, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [0.14, 0.32]). <b>Conclusions:</b> The PCT appears to be a linguistically grounded and psychometrically promising tool for assessing prosodic comprehension in Turkish. The present findings are based on a healthy adult sample and should be interpreted as preliminary normative evidence. Further research should address test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analyses, and validation in clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Reflexes to Prediction: Kathleen E. Cullen's Contribution to Modern Vestibular Neuroscience and Clinical Otoneurology-A Conceptual Narrative Review.","authors":"Leonardo Manzari","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16040096","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16040096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The vestibular system has traditionally been interpreted within a reflex-based framework, mainly centered on gaze stabilization, vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways, and peripheral vestibular deficits. This model remains essential, but it is insufficient to explain the full spectrum of postural, perceptual, visual-motion, and self-motion complaints observed in contemporary clinical otoneurology. <b>Objective</b>: This conceptual narrative review examines selected representative works by Kathleen E. Cullen as landmarks in a broader transition from reflex physiology to predictive, multimodal, context-dependent, body-centered self-motion control. <b>Methods</b>: This is not a systematic or bibliometric review. Papers were selected because they mark distinct conceptual steps in Cullen's work: neural encoding of self-motion, peripheral and central coding strategies, multimodal integration, active versus passive self-motion, reafference suppression, body-centered encoding, proprioceptive prediction, vestibular cerebellar internal models, sensory reweighting, and clinical translation. <b>Synthesis</b>: Angelaki and Cullen's 2008 synthesis and Cullen's subsequent work demonstrate that vestibular processing is inherently multimodal from the earliest central stages and that neural representations of self-motion depend on behavioral context. Vestibular nuclei, visual-vestibular networks, and vestibular cerebellar circuits integrate labyrinthine signals with optic flow, proprioceptive, oculomotor, motor, cerebellar, cortical, and contextual information. This architecture enables the brain to distinguish expected from unexpected motion, suppress predictable vestibular reafference during voluntary action, compute internal estimates of body motion, adapt to altered sensory reliability, and reweight sensory inputs according to task demands. <b>Conclusions</b>: The clinical relevance of this trajectory is substantial. Patients may show preserved high-acceleration vestibulo-ocular reflex responses while experiencing persistent instability, visually induced dizziness, defective self-motion perception, or abnormal sustained vestibular processing. Such dissociations are not paradoxical when the vestibular system is understood as a predictive, distributed, body-centered control system. Cullen's long lesson offers a neurophysiological foundation for a modern vestibular grammar in which clinical findings are interpreted across the reflexive, perceptual, postural, visual-vestibular, sustained, and predictive domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiologic Outcomes with Auditory Brainstem Implantation Including Successful Open Set Speech Perception with Bilateral Implantation.","authors":"Douglas M Bennion, Alicia Williams, Claire Perrin, Joshua Lee, Peter Eckard, Philipp Verpukhovskiy, Madeline Gibson, Rick A Friedman, Marc S Schwartz","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16040095","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16040095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: For patients with profound deafness resulting from auditory nerve pathology, as in Neurofibromatosis type 2, auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) can restore meaningful acoustic input. The literature reporting real-world results for ABI users is limited, especially regarding patients with bilateral implants. Here, we provide an updated report on the audiologic outcomes among all ABI patients treated at a tertiary institution, including high-performing bilateral ABI users. <b>Methods</b>: In this updated and expanded retrospective case series, audiologic outcomes were reviewed in sixteen consecutive patients who underwent ABI placement by a single neurosurgeon-neurotologist team at our center since 2018. Implantation in four of these patients was on their second side after having undergone first side implantation prior to receiving care at our hospital. Main outcome measures were sound awareness (sound-field threshold testing) and speech understanding (pattern perception, spondee, open-set speech testing). <b>Results</b>: Sound awareness was achieved in 100% of patients (16/16) using an average of 12 electrodes (range 7-20). Persistent non-auditory sensations were reported by 12.5% (2/16). Postoperative speech differentiation (with or without lip-reading) was experienced in 87.5% (14/16). Two second-sided ABI recipients experienced exceptional outcomes as high-performing outliers: one achieved 57% audio only and 86% audio + visual hearing in noise test (HINT) sentence scores; the second bilateral user scored 92% with auditory-only input. <b>Conclusions</b>: ABI represents a viable option for patients who are at risk of developing bilateral profound deafness resulting from auditory nerve disruption. Second sided device implantation is safe and has the potential to significantly improve auditory outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ototoxicity of a Single Fulminant Episode of Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Long-Term Follow-Up.","authors":"Matija Švagan","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16030093","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16030093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) in children is known to cause cumulative cochlear and vestibular injury. Whether a single fulminant episode severe enough to require surgical intervention produces an analogous long-term audiovestibular signature, and whether infection severity contributes to outcome independently of cumulative episode count, is unclear. The present study addressed this gap. <b>Methods:</b> In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, 65 paediatric patients who had undergone surgical treatment for acute mastoiditis-the fulminant form of AOM-between July 2001 and March 2021 were assessed a median of 11.5 years after surgery. Of these, 35 had undergone mastoidectomy with tympanostomy and 30 had undergone tympanostomy alone because their episode had not been severe enough to require mastoidectomy. Thirty-two age-matched healthy volunteers (one ear each) formed the control group, yielding 97 ears in three groups (Group TM, 35 ears; Group T, 30 ears; Group C, 32 ears). Extended high-frequency pure-tone audiometry (125-20 kHz), distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), single-frequency and wideband tympanometry, ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds, and lateral-canal vestibulo-ocular reflex gain were measured. <b>Results:</b> Both operated groups showed significantly elevated audiometric thresholds in the high- and extended high-frequency ranges compared with controls (HTA: χ² = 24.25, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with corresponding reductions in DPOAE amplitudes (HTA: χ² = 25.04, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Group TM did not differ significantly from Group T at any frequency band, indicating a negligible additional contribution of mastoidectomy itself. Acoustic reflex thresholds were elevated in Group TM. Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain was within reference ranges in all groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> A single fulminant episode of acute middle-ear infection in childhood-whether severe enough to require mastoidectomy or treated by tympanostomy alone-was associated, more than a decade later, with significantly elevated audiometric thresholds closely resembling those reported after multiple recurrent infections, supporting an effect of infection severity independent of cumulative episode count. Long-term audiological follow-up with extended high-frequency audiometry and otoacoustic emission testing is warranted, irrespective of whether mastoidectomy was required.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13296168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Trends and ICD-11-Mapped Patterns of Otology Research in Saudi Arabia, 1978-2024: A Scoping Review Using Negative Binomial Modelling.","authors":"Nawaf Khayal Alkhayal, Mohammed Sherif, Yousef Fares Shata, Leen Z Alotaibi, Fayez A Alhabib, Hesham Saleh Almofada","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16030094","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16030094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to map publication trends, topical focus, study designs, and institutional concentration in otology research in Saudi Arabia from 1978 to 2024 to deduce any topical, regional, institutional, or funding disparities in the field of otology in the country. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a scoping review of studies on human ear diseases in Saudi Arabia, searching PubMed and the Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2024. Bibliometric characteristics were charted, topics were mapped to ICD-11 chapters, and temporal trends were modelled using negative binomial regression with a single data-driven breakpoint. <b>Results:</b> Of 2227 records identified, 510 studies were included. Annual output increased by 9.28% (95% CI 7.05-11.55). An inflection occurred around 2017, with slower growth before 2017 (7.2%/year, 95% CI 5.3-9.1) and faster growth from 2018 onward (23.9%/year, 95% CI 18.6-29.4). The institutional affiliation of first authors was concentrated in a small number of organizations, led by King Saud University. Observational studies predominated (441/510), whereas experimental studies were limited (16/510). ICD-11 mapping showed the greatest concentration in \"Ear and mastoid\" (189/510, 37.1%) and \"Factors influencing health status or contact with health services\" (179/510, 35.1%) chapters. Funding was reported in 75 studies. <b>Conclusions:</b> PubMed- and Cochrane-indexed otology and hearing health research output in Saudi Arabia has grown substantially, particularly since 2017, but remains concentrated by institution, region, study design, and topic. The dominance of cochlear implant and hearing impairment research, together with limited multicenter, experimental, vestibular, tinnitus, and rehabilitation-focused studies, identifies priorities for future audiology and neurotology research planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13295472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiologic Assessment and Management of Teprotumumab-Associated Ototoxicity: An Updated Narrative Review.","authors":"John Williams, Alex Elkins, Alp Sarigul, Mary Frances Johnson, Charles E Bishop","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16030092","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16030092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Teprotumumab (Tepezza^®), an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antagonist, is the first FDA-approved targeted therapy for thyroid eye disease (TED). While effective for reducing proptosis and inflammation, increasing post-marketing evidence has linked teprotumumab to auditory adverse events. IGF-1 signaling is essential for cochlear maintenance and neuroprotection; therefore, systemic IGF-1R inhibition presents a biologically plausible mechanism for ototoxicity. Despite growing recognition of these effects, no standardized approach exists for audiologic assessment or monitoring of patients receiving teprotumumab. This review aimed to (1) summarize proposed mechanisms and the reported spectrum of teprotumumab-related auditory effects, (2) evaluate current methods used to assess and monitor these patients, and (3) identify areas of consensus and ongoing uncertainty. <b>Methods:</b> An updated narrative review of the literature was conducting using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using Boolean strings targeting teprotumumab exposure and hearing-related outcomes. Studies from 2022 onward were identified using Boolean search strings targeting teprotumumab exposure and hearing-related outcomes. Peer-reviewed English language studies reporting audiometric findings were eligible for inclusion. <b>Results:</b> Ten studies met inclusion criteria. Reported effects most commonly included bilateral high-frequency SNHL, tinnitus, and aural fullness, typically emerging after three to six infusions. Many cases demonstrated persistent deficits despite drug discontinuation. Baseline audiometric assessment was not uniformly reported across studies, and monitoring protocols varied considerably, with inconsistent incorporation of speech testing and immittance measures. <b>Conclusions:</b> Teprotumumab-associated ototoxicity is increasingly recognized and potentially irreversible. Current evidence is insufficient to guide standardized monitoring. Prospective studies are urgently needed to establish evidence-based audiologic surveillance protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13295544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Matthew Mavandi, Jack Hyler, Eric Lee, Ramanjot Singh, De Wet Swanepoel, Ashley M Nassiri, Vinaya Manchaiah","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16030091","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16030091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a chronic condition with no established pharmacological treatment. Recent advances in drug-based therapies offer promising opportunities to prevent or treat SNHL. This scoping review summarizes the current landscape of pharmacotherapeutics for SNHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in 2024 using keywords related to SNHL and pharmacotherapeutics. A review protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework. A systematic search of five electronic databases identified published studies from 2004 to 2024 on pharmacological treatments for SNHL in human participants, as well as ongoing clinical trials. Interventions were categorized by mechanism of action: antioxidant therapy, steroid-based combination therapy, hematologic-based therapy, pathway modulator therapy, regenerative therapy, and gene therapy. A narrative synthesis approach was used to map key trends across treatment types, study designs, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six records met the inclusion criteria, including 48 published studies and 18 ongoing or recently completed clinical trial records. Antioxidants, corticosteroids, hematologic agents, and pathway modulators have demonstrated potential in preventing or treating SNHL caused by cisplatin, aminoglycosides, noise-induced ototoxicity, and intraoperative cochlear implantation trauma. Emerging regenerative and gene therapies show promise as future pharmacologic treatment options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharmacologic therapies for SNHL are promising but remain constrained by small sample sizes, heterogeneous study designs, and drug delivery challenges across the blood-labyrinth barrier. Future research should prioritize multicenter randomized trials, optimized delivery strategies, and integration of precision medicine approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13295749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain-Specific Associations Between Physical Activity and Tinnitus in NHANES 2015-2018.","authors":"Mitra Britton, Peter A Hosick","doi":"10.3390/audiolres16030090","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres16030090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Tinnitus is a prevalent auditory condition associated with significant psychological burden and limited treatment efficacy. While physical activity confers broad health benefits, its relationship with tinnitus remains understudied. This study examined associations between domain-specific physical activity and tinnitus in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from NHANES 2015-2018 were analyzed. The final analytic sample comprised 4301 adults aged 20 years and older. Tinnitus was assessed via the NHANES audiometry questionnaire. Physical activity was categorized as low, moderate, and high (MET-min/week) separately for work-related (WORK) and non-work-related (NW) domains. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, poverty-income ratio, sedentary time, smoking, education, noise exposure, hypertension, diabetes, and depressive symptoms, were used to examine associations. Linear trends across ordered physical activity categories were evaluated using ordinal trend analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted prevalence of tinnitus was 17.3%. High NW physical activity (PA) was associated with significantly lower odds of tinnitus (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.488-0.995, <i>p</i> = 0.0475), while high WORK PA was associated with significantly higher odds (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06-1.60, <i>p</i> = 0.018). Trend analyses confirmed opposing linear trends across ordered categories: inverse for NW PA (OR = 0.83 per category, <i>p</i>-trend = 0.0406) and positive for WORK PA (OR = 1.14 per category, <i>p</i>-trend = 0.017). Noise exposure and depressive symptoms were independently associated with tinnitus across both models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a domain-specific paradox: NW PA was associated with lower odds of tinnitus, whereas WORK PA was associated with higher odds. These results highlight the importance of domain-specific assessment and identify recreational activity as a potential modifiable factor warranting further investigation. Given the cross-sectional design, these associations should not be interpreted as causal.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13296043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}