Antonio Casarella, Anna Notaro, Carla Laria, Nicola Serra, Elisabetta Genovese, Rita Malesci, Gennaro Auletta, Anna Rita Fetoni
{"title":"State-of-the-Art on the Impact of Bimodal Acoustic Stimulation on Speech Perception in Noise in Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Antonio Casarella, Anna Notaro, Carla Laria, Nicola Serra, Elisabetta Genovese, Rita Malesci, Gennaro Auletta, Anna Rita Fetoni","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14050077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Bimodal stimulation (BS), which combines the use of a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and a hearing aid (HA) in the opposite ear, is an established strategy to treat hearing loss by exploiting the unique capabilities of each device. CIs stimulate the auditory nerve by bypassing damaged hair cells, while HAs amplify sounds by requiring a functional hearing residual. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of BS such as speech perception in noise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined clinical studies published from October 2020 to July 2024, following the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of BS on speech perception in noise in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BS in adult patients significantly improves speech perception in quiet and noisy environments, especially for those with increased residual hearing. Unilateral CIs and BS perform similarly in quiet conditions, but BS significantly improves speech discrimination in noisy environments if loudness between the two devices is appropriately balanced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Directional microphones and programming software are new technologies that succeed in reducing environmental noise and improving verbal perception outcomes, although their features in the literature are controversial. In addition, the individuals using BS may face temporal mismatches mainly due to differing device latencies, affecting sound localization. Compensating for these mismatches can enhance localization accuracy. However, modulated noise remains a significant obstacle to verbal perception in noise. Valuable assessment tools such as music tests provide further information on hearing performance and quality of life. More research is needed to define certain selection criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Kobosko, Lech Śliwa, Malgorzata Ganc, W Wiktor Jedrzejczak, Henryk Skarzynski
{"title":"Self-Perceived Stress and the Personality of Mothers of Children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder, as Well as in Mothers of Typically Developing Children, Before and Late in the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Joanna Kobosko, Lech Śliwa, Malgorzata Ganc, W Wiktor Jedrzejczak, Henryk Skarzynski","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14050076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to measure, at two time points, the relationship between self-perceived global stress and the personality traits of the mothers of children who have central auditory processing disorder (APD) and compare it with the results from mothers of typically developing (TD) children. The comparisons were made before the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as late in the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The level of stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), while the Short Big Five Markers (IPIP-BFM-20) were used to assess Big Five personality traits. The study used two independent samples: one evaluated before the COVID-19 pandemic and the other late in the pandemic. Each sample consisted of 108 mothers of children with APD and 79 mothers whose children did not have APD (TD children) as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average global stress levels were similar in mothers of children with APD and in mothers of TD children, both before and in the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the late stage, both sets of mothers scored similarly on all personality dimensions, but significantly, mothers of TD children exhibited lower emotional stability compared to during the pre-pandemic period. In both groups, emotional stability predicted global stress level at both time points; however, during the pandemic, conscientiousness also became a predictor of global stress level but only in the group of mothers of TD children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mothers of APD children might be more resistant to additional stressors. It would be prudent to watch mothers of APD and TD children for signs of needing psychological intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica Di Berardino, Giovanni Ciavarro, Giulia Fumagalli, Claudia Albanese, Enrico Pasanisi, Diego Zanetti, Vincenzo Vincenti
{"title":"A Non-Surgical Wearable Option for Bone Conduction Hearing Implants: A Comparative Study with Conventional Bone Conduction Hearing Aids Mounted on Eyeglasses.","authors":"Federica Di Berardino, Giovanni Ciavarro, Giulia Fumagalli, Claudia Albanese, Enrico Pasanisi, Diego Zanetti, Vincenzo Vincenti","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14050075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the audiological benefits of a non-implantable wearable option for a bone conduction (BC) implant mounted on an arch (SoundArc) to those of traditional BC hearing aids (HAs) mounted on eyeglasses (BCHAs) in patients with moderate to severe conductive or mixed hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A preliminary cross-sectional observational prospective cohort study was conducted in the Tertiary Audiological Department, University Hospital. Fourteen adults with conductive or mixed hearing loss (PTA at 0.5-1-2-4 KHz = 67 ± 15 dB HL) who had been wearing conventional BCHAs mounted on eyeglasses for at least 3 years and had declined surgical implantation of a bone conduction hearing implant (BCHI) were included in the study. Unaided and aided pure-tone air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) thresholds, as well as speech tests in quiet and noise, were recorded at baseline and in two different settings: with a BCHI mounted on SoundArc<sup>®</sup> and with their own BCHAs mounted on eyeglasses using two couplers. Participants completed questionnaires in both conditions, including the International Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA), the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults/Elderly (HHIA/E), the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ), a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), and the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant functional gain was observed in both settings (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Better speech perception in quiet and noise was observed with SoundArc compared to conventional BCHAs on eyeglasses (improvements in word repetition scores in noise: +19.3 at SNR +10 dB, <i>p</i> = 0.002; +12.1 at SNR 0 dB, <i>p</i> = 0.006; and +11.4 at SNR -10 dB, <i>p</i> = 0.002). No significant differences were found in IOI-HA, FIS, and HHIA/E scores. However, significantly better SSQ scores were reported for SoundArc in all domains (<i>p</i> = 0.0038).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although patients were accustomed to using BCHAs mounted on eyeglasses, the bone conduction wearable option of the BCHI (SoundArc) proved to be a viable alternative for adult patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss who are unable or unwilling to undergo BCHI surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana V P Devos, Marcus L F Janssen, A Miranda L Janssen, Catharine A Hellingman, Jasper V Smit
{"title":"A Prospective Self-Report Survey-Based Cohort Study on Factors That Have an Influence on Tinnitus.","authors":"Jana V P Devos, Marcus L F Janssen, A Miranda L Janssen, Catharine A Hellingman, Jasper V Smit","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14050074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Limited information is available on factors that affect the burden tinnitus. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between tinnitus burden and demographic, patient-specific and tinnitus characteristics. Secondly, it was examined which variables could predict a change in tinnitus burden after 12 months. <b>Method</b>: In a prospective Dutch cohort of 383 tinnitus patients seeking medical help, tinnitus complaints, demographics, tinnitus characteristics, psychological wellbeing and quality of life were assessed using an online self-report survey at three timepoints (start, 6 months, 12 months). The main outcome variables for tinnitus burden are the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for tinnitus burden and loudness. <b>Results</b>: Several variables (time, sex, education level, life events, anxiety and depression, sleep issues, tinnitus loudness, hearing impairment and treatment) were significantly associated with tinnitus burden. Additionally, tinnitus burden after 12 months was associated with anxiety, following treatment, sleep issues, negative life events and hearing impairment (increase) and anxiety, total of life events and environmental quality of life (decrease) predicted the tinnitus burden after 12 months. <b>Conclusions</b>: Several factors, such as education level, life events, psychological factors and sleep quality, are related to tinnitus burden and can predict tinnitus burden over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marlene Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Montserrat Durán-Bouza, Victoria Marrero-Aguiar
{"title":"Analysis of the Spanish Auditory Test of Speech in Noise (PAHRE) in a Population with Hearing Loss.","authors":"Marlene Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Montserrat Durán-Bouza, Victoria Marrero-Aguiar","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14050073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Speech recognition in noise is one of the difficulties faced by people with hearing loss that increases with age. The recently developed Spanish Auditory Test of Speech in Noise (Prueba Auditiva de Habla en Ruido en Español, PAHRE) allows for the identification of these intelligibility difficulties in noise. The aim of this study was to assess speech recognition in noise in people with hearing loss and to test the benefits of the Lombard effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 104 people with hearing difficulties, ranging in age from 37 to 98 years. The variables age, degree of hearing loss, presence of high-frequency dropout, and years of formal education were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychometric curves were obtained as a function of signal-to-noise ratio as well as threshold values of speech reception as a function of age group for mild and moderate hearing loss. The results indicated that the speech reception threshold increased with both age and the degree of hearing loss, becoming particularly significant after the age of 70. Furthermore, it was found that the combined factors of age, degree of hearing loss, and educational level predicted a high percentage of the variability in the speech reception threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, the Spanish Auditory Test of Speech in Noise could be a useful clinical tool for diagnosis, monitoring, auditory rehabilitation planning, and hearing aid fitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugen Constant Ionescu, Eugenia Mustea, Pierre Reynard, Hung Thai-Van
{"title":"Comment on Castellucci et al. Impaired Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex on Video Head Impulse Test in Superior Canal Dehiscence: \"Spontaneous Plugging\" or Endolymphatic Flow Dissipation? <i>Audiol. Res.</i> 2023, <i>13</i>, 802-820.","authors":"Eugen Constant Ionescu, Eugenia Mustea, Pierre Reynard, Hung Thai-Van","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14050072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We read, with great interest, two recent articles by Castellucci and al [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Randomised Controlled Trial for the Evaluation of the Efficacy of the IDA's \"Living Well\" Online Counselling Tool in First-Time Adult Users with Hearing Loss.","authors":"Evgenia Vassou, Eleftheria Iliadou, Nikolaos Markatos, Dimitrios Kikidis, Athanasios Bibas","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres14050071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective management of hearing loss through the use of modern hearing aids significantly improves communication and the quality of life for individuals experiencing auditory impairment. Complementary counselling of patients with hearing loss who will be fitted with hearing aids for the first time should be evidence-based and adapted to their individual needs. To date, several counselling protocols and tools have been developed. The aim of this randomised controlled trial study was to investigate the efficacy of the application of the IDA's \"Living Well\" counselling tool in first-time hearing aid users in terms of the degree of their hearing related handicap (using the Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI)), their communication coping strategies (using the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired (CPHI)) and their overall satisfaction of the hearing aids (using a Likert scale). Both groups (the IDA and the control group) were fitted with hearing aids and received counselling for their hearing aids by the same audiologist. The IDA group attended an additional counselling session about communication coping strategies with the use of the \"Living Well\" tool. Both groups' participants were seen for their hearing aid fittings 4-6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after their fitting when the HHI and the CPHI were measured. Although there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the primary and secondary outcomes, the IDA group did show a more consistent improvement of their HHI score and less frequent use of maladaptive strategies. The \"Living Well\" counselling tool proved to be a favourably received and helpful counselling tool in first-time hearing aid users.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issues Concerning the Mechanisms of Bone Conduction.","authors":"Miriam Geal-Dor, Cahtia Adelman, Haim Sohmer","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres14050070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air and bone conduction thresholds are used to differentiate between conductive and sensori-neural hearing losses because bone conduction is thought to bypass the conductive apparatus, directly activating the inner ear. However, the suggested bone conduction mechanisms involve the outer and middle ears. Also, normal bone conduction thresholds have been reported in cases of lesions to the conduction pathway. Therefore, further investigation of bone conduction mechanisms is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Nicastri, Hilal Dincer D'Alessandro, Karen Anderson, Miriana Ciferri, Luca Cavalcanti, Antonio Greco, Ilaria Giallini, Ginevra Portanova, Patrizia Mancini
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Listening Inventory for Education-Revised in Italian.","authors":"Maria Nicastri, Hilal Dincer D'Alessandro, Karen Anderson, Miriana Ciferri, Luca Cavalcanti, Antonio Greco, Ilaria Giallini, Ginevra Portanova, Patrizia Mancini","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres14050069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Listening difficulties may frequently occur in school settings, but so far there were no tools to identify them for both hearing and hearing-impaired Italian students. This study performed cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Listening Inventory for Education-Revised for Italian students (LIFE-R-ITA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study procedure followed the stages suggested by the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. For the content validation, six cochlear implanted students (8-18 years old) pre-tested the initial version. Whenever any situation did not occur in Italy, the item was adapted to more typical listening situations in Italy. The final version of LIFE-R-ITA was administered to a sample of 223 hearing students from different school settings and educational degrees in order to collect normative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the LIFE-R-ITA, hearing students showed an average score of 72.26% (SD = 11.93), reflecting some listening difficulties. The subscales (LIFE total, LIFE class, and LIFE social) indicated good internal consistency. All items were shown to be relevant. Most challenging situations happened when listening in large rooms, especially when other students made noise. LIFE social scores were significantly worse than those of LIFE class (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study provides cross-cultural adaptation and validation for the LIFE-R-ITA along with the normative data useful to interpret the results of students with hearing loss. The LIFE-R-ITA may support teachers and clinicians in assessing students' self-perception of listening at school. Such understanding may help students overcome their listening difficulties, by planning and selecting the most effective strategies among classroom interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eldré W Beukes, Gerhard Andersson, Vinaya Manchaiah
{"title":"The Indirect Effect of an Internet-Based Intervention on Third-Party Disability for Significant Others of Individuals with Tinnitus.","authors":"Eldré W Beukes, Gerhard Andersson, Vinaya Manchaiah","doi":"10.3390/audiolres14050068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres14050068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention (ICBT) for individuals with tinnitus had an indirect effect on the third-party disability noticed by significant others (SOs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Significant Others Questionnaire (CTSOQ). Individuals with tinnitus completed standardized self-reported outcome measures for tinnitus severity, anxiety, depression, insomnia, hearing-related quality of life, tinnitus cognitions, hearing disability, and hyperacusis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 194 pairs of individuals with tinnitus and their SOs participated. The impact of third-party disability experienced by SOs was significantly reduced after individuals with tinnitus undertook the ICBT intervention (<i>d</i> = 0.41). This reduced SOs with severe difficulties from 52% to 35%. The remaining impact was mild for 30% and moderate for 35%. SOs with higher baseline difficulties and SOs who were partners (e.g., spouses) were less likely to notice indirect benefits from intervention undertaken by their family members. There was a moderate positive correlation between the post-intervention CTSOQs and the clinical variables of tinnitus severity and depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Third-party disability may be reduced as an indirect effect of individuals with tinnitus undertaking ICBT. Including SOs of individuals with tinnitus within the rehabilitation process may add additional benefits, and such involvement should be encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}