Audiology Research最新文献

{"title":"Gain Analysis of Self-Fitting Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids: A Comparative and Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Megan Knoetze, Vinaya Manchaiah, Kayla Cormier, Carly Schimmel, Anu Sharma, De Wet Swanepoel","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the gain provided by self-fitting over-the-counter (SF-OTC) hearing aids compared to clinical NAL-NL2 targets, the differences between various FDA-approved SF-OTC devices, and potential changes in gain over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two experiments were conducted: (1) a cross-sectional comparison of six SF-OTC hearing aids (n = 43) and (2) a longitudinal evaluation of gain within five days of self-fitting and four additional time points (n = 15). Real-ear measurements (REMs) were used to measure gain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SF-OTC hearing aid gain corresponded with 10 dB SPL but not 5 dB SPL criteria from NAL-NL2 targets. Differences between NAL-NL2 targets and gain did not differ significantly between devices. There were no significant changes in gain over time for any input level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SF-OTC hearing aids generally provide user-selected gain levels lower than clinical targets, particularly at higher frequencies. The gain remains stable over time, indicating limited user adjustment after initial fitting. OTC hearing aid manufacturers should consider implementing fitting algorithms that allow for gradual user acclimatization.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teenagers and Young Adults with Cochlear Implants: A Multidisciplinary Follow-Up Study Approach and Baseline Characteristics.","authors":"Ulrika Löfkvist, Malin Dahlby-Skoog, Anna Persson, Filip Asp, Luca Verrecchia, Susanne Gripenberg, Niki Karpeta, Martin Eklöf, Eva Karltorp","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Early pediatric cochlear implantation positively impacts early language outcomes. The Teenager and Young Adults Cochlear Implant (TAYACI) study investigates the long-term outcomes of early implantation and factors influencing variability among cochlear implant (CI) users. This article outlines participants' background, early language outcomes, and multidisciplinary study protocol. <b>Methods and Materials</b>: Individuals aged 12-22 received CIs before 30 months of age, followed-up at the same hearing implant center, and adhered to a standard school curriculum were invited to participate. Out of 109 eligible CI users, 50 participated; 46 agreed to undergo clinical assessments, while four completed questionnaires only. <b>Results</b>: The mean age at the first CI was 15.63 months (SD = 6.0). All but one communicated with spoken language(s). Participants attended mainstream schools and had highly educated parents. Over half (56%) had received Auditory Verbal Therapy in early childhood. Earlier implantation correlated with better language understanding one year post-CI. <b>Conclusions</b>: Earlier implantation was associated with better early language outcomes, with parental education level and early family-centered intervention likely contributing. Future sub-studies will investigate multidisciplinary long-term effects of pediatric cochlear implantation in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular Agnosia: Toward a Better Understanding of Its Mechanisms.","authors":"Assan Mary Cedras, Jonathan Dion, Arnaud Saj, François Champoux, Maxime Maheu","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Vestibular agnosia is characterized by a reduced or absent self-motion perception while demonstrating the presence of normal peripheral vestibular function following stimulation. This condition has previously been reported by previous authors in different populations and more recently in traumatic brain injury patients. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for vestibular agnosia remain a matter of debate. The objective of this manuscript is to review and compare the behavioral and neuroanatomical findings in populations where vestibular agnosia has been demonstrated to better understand the underlying mechanism. <b>Methods</b>: A review of the literature was conducted using four databases: Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed. A normal vestibulo-ocular reflex function with an impaired self-motion perception following vestibular stimulation represented the inclusion criteria used. <b>Results</b>: Behavioral data reviewed in the studies revealed a clear association with postural instability. However, no consensus can be drawn from neuroanatomical data due to variability in brain impairments in those populations even though impairments in the parietal cortex are often reported. <b>Conclusions</b>: In general, behavioral data and neuroanatomical data regarding vestibular agnosia have been poorly documented throughout the literature. However, vestibular agnosia can be observed in different populations and is present in concomitant postural control deficits, an important predictor of falls. Finally, even though the parietal cortex has been associated with vestibular agnosia, future studies are required to adequately identify the underlying mechanism. Indeed, the parietal cortex could be part of a larger network mediating vestibular agnosia. This review proposes various methods that future studies should use to overcome the present limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Prosodic Processing but Not Hearing Function Is Associated with an Age-Related Reduction in AI Speech Recognition.","authors":"Björn Herrmann, Mo Eric Cui","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Voice artificial intelligence (AI) technology is becoming increasingly common. Recent work indicates that middle-aged to older adults are less able to identify modern AI speech compared to younger adults, but the underlying causes are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study with younger and middle-aged to older adults investigated factors that could explain the age-related reduction in AI speech identification. Experiment 1 investigated whether high-frequency information in speech-to which middle-aged to older adults often have less access due sensitivity loss at high frequencies-contributes to age-group differences. Experiment 2 investigated whether an age-related reduction in the ability to process prosodic information in speech predicts the reduction in AI speech identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results for Experiment 1 show that middle-aged to older adults are less able to identify AI speech for both full-bandwidth speech and speech for which information above 4 kHz is removed, making the contribution of high-frequency hearing loss unlikely. Experiment 2 shows that the ability to identify AI speech is greater in individuals who also show a greater ability to identify emotions from prosodic speech information, after accounting for hearing function and self-rated experience with voice-AI systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results suggest that the ability to identify AI speech is related to the accurate processing of prosodic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Replacement Hearing Aids in Cochlear Implant Candidates Using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) and Pupillometry.","authors":"Yeliz Jakobsen, Kathleen Faulkner, Lindsey Van Yper, Jesper Hvass Schmidt","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Advances in cochlear implant (CI) technology have led to the expansion of the implantation criteria. As a result, more CI candidates may have greater residual hearing in one or two ears. Many of these candidates will perform better with a CI in one ear and a hearing aid (HA) in the other ear, the so-called bimodal solution. The bimodal solution often requires patients to switch to HAs that are compatible with the CI. However, this can be a challenging decision, not least because it remains unclear whether this impacts hearing performance. Our aim is to determine whether speech perception in noise remains unchanged or improves with new replacement HAs compared to original HAs in CI candidates with residual hearing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty bilateral HA users (mean age 63.4; range 23-82) referred for CI were recruited. All participants received new replacement HAs. The new HAs were optimally fitted and verified using Real Ear Measurement (REM). Participants were tested with the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT), which aimed at determining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for a 70% correct word recognition score at a speech sound pressure level (SPL) of 65 dB. HINT testing was performed with both their original and new replacement HAs. During HINT, pupillometry was used to control for task engagement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replacing the original HAs with new replacement HAs after one month was not statistically significant with a mean change of SRT70 by -1.90 (95% CI: -4.69;0.89, <i>p</i> = 0.182) dB SNR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>New replacement HAs do not impact speech perception scores in CI candidates prior to the decision of cochlear implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Data for a New Headphone-Based Assessment of Absolute Localization in the Assessment of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD).","authors":"Jack Hargreaves, Julia Sarant, Bryn Douglas, Harvey Dillon","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Localization deficit is often said to be a symptom of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD). However, no clinically viable assessment of localization ability has been developed to date. The current study presents pilot data for a new assessment of absolute auditory localization using headphones. <b>Methods</b>: Speech phrases encoded with non-individualized head-related transfer functions (HRTF) using real-time digital processing were presented to two cohorts of participants with normal hearing. Variations in the simulated environment (anechoic and reverberant) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) were made to assess each of these factors' influences on localization performance. Experiment 1 assessed 30 young adults aged 21-33 years old and Experiment 2 assessed 28 young adults aged 21-29 years old. All participants had hearing thresholds better than 20 dB HL. <b>Results</b>: Participants performed the localization task with a moderate degree of accuracy (Experiment 1: Mean RMS error = 25.9°; Experiment 2: Mean RMS error 27.2°). Front-back errors (FBEs) were evident, contributing to an average RMS error that was notably elevated when compared to similar free-field tasks. There was no statistically significant influence from the simulated environment or SNR on performance. <b>Conclusions</b>: An exploration of test viability in the pediatric and APD-positive populations is warranted alongside further correction for FBEs; however, the potential for future clinical implementation of this measure of absolute auditory localization is encouraging.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Intervention for Hearing-Impaired Children-From Policy to Practice: An Integrative Review.","authors":"Luisa Petrocchi-Bartal, Katijah Khoza-Shangase, Amisha Kanji","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Globally, many countries have endorsed the World Health Organisation's (WHO) early intervention (EI) guidelines through their legislation with contextual variations. Sensitive evaluation of gaps within EI-recommended systems is essential, especially in the translation of policy into practice across high-income and low- to middle-income country (LMIC) contexts, including South Africa. The main objective was to explore and identify the current evidence reflecting the application of hearing-specific government policy regarding EI and early education (EE) for hearing-impaired/d/Deaf/hard-of-hearing (HI/D/HH) children aged six and below.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An integrative review was conducted on peer-reviewed articles that examined policy in practice regarding EI for HI/D/HH children aged six and below. Studies were accessed via four databases (Ebscohost, Sabinet, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) and one search engine (Google Scholar) between 2014 and 2024. Qualitative evaluation ensued of themes identified deductively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six peer-reviewed studies were included. Deductive thematic analysis revealed six derived themes: EI timing, early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI)/EI mechanisms; EI services, EE, family considerations, and policy. Five of the 26 directly scrutinised government policy in its EI/EE practical application. Articles reflected the need for consideration of the complex processes that allow for policy actualisation, such as adequate infrastructure and family considerations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A bottom-up approach to policy actualisation, with grass-roots contextual considerations such as EI access and caregiver concerns, may improve policy application. Current findings have implications, particularly for LMIC contexts including South Africa, where EI and EE policy scrutiny regarding hearing impairment/deafness specificity is imperative for understanding its application alignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Greek Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) Rating Scale v.4 for Greek and Greek-Cypriot Children with Typical Hearing.","authors":"Paris Binos, Georgios Stavrinos, Loukia Taxitari","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to adapt and validate the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) questionnaire for Greek-speaking children aged 1 to 6 years. Key objectives included assessing the PEACH questionnaire's reliability and validity and determining if children from Greece and Cyprus exhibit similar auditory performance, which would suggest they belong to a comparable population. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study involved 87 children from monolingual Greek-speaking households in Greece (<i>N</i> = 38) and Cyprus (<i>N</i> = 49), all full-term with typical hearing and no cognitive or language deficits. The children's ages ranged from 12 to 82 months. The study used an independent samples t-test to compare PEACH Overall Scores between Greek and Greek-Cypriot children. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations for each country. Additionally, regression models examined the relationship between PEACH scores and age. <b>Results</b>: Greek-Cypriot children had significantly higher PEACH scores (92.09%) than Greek children (86.71%), t(85) = 2.31, <i>p</i> = 0.023. The Cronbach's alpha for the Greek sample was 0.92, indicating a strong internal consistency, while the Greek-Cypriot sample had a lower alpha of 0.79, with item-total correlations ranging from 0.16 to 0.75. Normative curves showed that auditory performance in the Greek sample increased sharply until 40 months, then plateaued until 60 months. In contrast, the Greek-Cypriot sample's scores rose sharply until 25 months and plateaued by 40 months. <b>Conclusions</b>: The Greek-translated PEACH questionnaire demonstrated strong reliability and construct validity for Greek children, consistent with other language adaptations. However, the Greek-Cypriot sample did not achieve similar reliability, and differences in scores suggest potential cultural, linguistic, or environmental factors impacting auditory development. These findings emphasize the importance of regional adaptations in standardized assessments. Further research is recommended to explore factors contributing to these differences for more accurate assessments of Greek-speaking children.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Second Version of the LittlEARS^® Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ) in Romanian-Speaking Children with Normal Hearing.","authors":"Alina-Catalina Ivanov, Luminita Radulescu, Sebastian Cozma, Madalina Georgescu, Bogdan Cobzeanu, Adriana Neagos, Petronela Moraru, Alma Maniu, Corina Butnaru","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The objectives of the current study were to validate the LittlEARS^® Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ) in Romanian and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Romanian version of the questionnaire for Romanian children with normal hearing. The LEESPQ was created and tested for the assessment of preverbal and early verbal skills (0-18 months) in children with normal hearing. <b>Methods:</b> The English version of the LittlEARS^® Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ) was adapted into Romanian language using a translation/back-translation procedure and validation of the content before applying the questionnaire. The Romanian version was applied to the parents of 232 children with normal hearing, aged between 0 and 18 months. The questionnaire was statistically analyzed to assess its reliability, internal consistency, predictive accuracy, and the influence of gender on children's scores. <b>Results:</b> Statistical analyses confirmed the LEESPQ's reliability (α = 0.876) and high predictive accuracy (λ = 0.951). Age correlated strongly with total scores (ρ = 0.67; p < 0.001), supporting the age-dependent progression of speech production milestones. Gender did not significantly affect the scores. Normative curves and minimum expected scores were established for each age group. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study confirmed that the Romanian version of the LEESPQ is a reliable, valid, language-independent instrument, useful in the assessment of language development in children with normal hearing, aged up to 18 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and Acoustic Aspects of Face Masks Affect Speech Intelligibility in Listeners with Different Hearing Statuses.","authors":"Pauline Rohner, Rasmus Sönnichsen, Sabine Hochmuth, Andreas Radeloff","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> When speaking while wearing a face mask, sound transmission is attenuated, and visual cues are lost due to the covered facial movements of the speaker. In this study, we investigated the extent to which different face masks alter speech intelligibility in individuals with different degrees of hearing impairment. <i>Methods:</i> A total of fifty participants were divided into four hearing status groups according to the degree of hearing loss: normal levels (16), mild (13), moderate (11), and severe (10). A modified version of the Audiovisual German Matrix Sentence Test (AV-OLSA) was used to assess speech perception in noise in five conditions (audiovisual, audio-only, visual-only, surgical mask, and FFP2 mask). <i>Results:</i> Our results show that acoustic attenuations of face masks cause a small but similar decrease in speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in listeners of different hearing statuses. The effect of visual cues (visual benefit) on SRTs was stronger than the effect of acoustic attenuation but also did not differ significantly between the different hearing status groups, with a median difference of 1.5 dB for mild hearing loss, 2.9 dB for moderate hearing loss, and 2.7 dB for severe hearing loss. The best-aided hearing status did not correlate with visual benefit. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our research confirms the importance of providing visual cues for speech reception in noisy environments, especially for individuals with impaired hearing, regardless of their degree of hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}