Arabic Sciences and Philosophy最新文献

{"title":"IBN AL-HAYTHAM ET LE MOUVEMENT D'ENROULEMENT","authors":"R. Rashed, Erwan Penchèvre","doi":"10.1017/s0957423919000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423919000110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Almagest, Ptolemy proposed the concept of winding motion, especially to explain planetary latitudes. Ibn al-Haytham (beginning 11th c.) wrote a treatise entitled Fī ḥarakat al-iltifāf, “Concerning the winding motion”. An anonymous scholar wrote a refutation of this treatise. Both texts have been lost; but the answer of Ibn al-Haytham has survived: Fī ḥall šukūk ḥarakat al-iltifāf, “The resolution of doubts concerning the winding motion”. There he reminds us of his model and gives us a more detailed explanation. We give here a critical edition, translation and commentary of this answer, as well as an edition and translation of some related excerpts from Ptolemy's Planetary Hypotheses and Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī’s Nihāyat al-idrāk (13th c.).","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"2172 1","pages":"27 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80588523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASP volume 30 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0957423919000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423919000158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"18 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75535648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Doutes sur Galien, introduction, edition and French translation by Pauline Koetschet (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019), cxxxviii-347 p.","authors":"Fabian Käs","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000134","url":null,"abstract":"Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Doutes sur Galien, introduction, edition and French translation by Pauline Koetschet (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019), cxxxviii-347 p. One of the crucial questions often posed concerning the natural sciences of the Islamicate Middle Ages is that of their innovativeness. Especially regarding medicine, it was a commonplace point of criticism since the early modern period that its protagonists only preserved the achievements of Classical Antiquity without further developments. Modern research has challenged this theory pointing out that the medieval Arabs did not follow the ideas of Galen – by far the most prominent ancient medical authority – unquestioned in all circumstances. One of the principal works of this genre is Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī’s (d. ca. 313/925) Shukūk ʿalā Jālīnūs (“Doubts about Galen”), which has now been edited anew by Pauline Koetschet. Her edition accompanied by a superb French translation and rich annotations makes this fundamental medicophilosophical work for the first time accessible to a wider scientific public. Galen, who is famous for his claim that “the best physician must be a philosopher”, often dealt with philosophy in his medical works and wrote monographs on this topic, such as a lost voluminous book on logic entitled Περὶ ἀποδείξεως / Kitāb al-burhān and several others 1. These works, often contradicting classical Aristotelian approaches, aroused criticism already during his lifetime, when Alexander of","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":"155 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78247080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE LATIN SOURCE OF THE ITALIAN VERSION OF ALHACEN'S DE ASPECTIBUS (VAT. LAT. 4595)","authors":"D. Raynaud","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A comparison of the manuscripts has shown that De li aspecti, the Italian version of Alhacen's De aspectibus, Vat. lat. 4595 (I), was copied from London, British Library, Royal 12.G.vii (L). The discovery of long omissions in L, not reproduced in I, disproves this conclusion. The error has two reasons: a sampling too small, the confusion between phenetic and cladistic approaches.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"65 1","pages":"139 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AḤMAD B. AL-ṬAYYIB AL-SARAḪSĪ, RÉVISEUR DE L’INTRODUCTION ARITHMÉTIQUE DE NICOMAQUE DE GÉRASE ET RÉDACTEUR DES RASĀ᾿IL IḪWĀN AL-ṢAFĀ᾿","authors":"Guillaume de Vaulx d’Arcy","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Before Ṯābit b. Qurra's translation, there was a first Arabic version of Nicomachus’ Introduction to arithmetic. Full of mistakes, it was revised by an anonymous student of al-Kindī. Thanks to the part that Freudenthal and Levy have edited and translated, we are now able to identify this reviser as Aḥmad b. al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī, who we also identified as the author of the Rasā᾿il Iḫwān al-Ṣafā᾿. The comparison of the gloss written by this reviser with a new fragment of Saraḫsī on one part, and with the “ Epistles of the Brethren in Purity ” on the other, corroborate Saraḫsī’s authorship of the epistles. Furthermore, studying the misunderstandings on Nicomachus’ text in this kindianised version gives a new light on al-Kindī’s attempt to unify philosophy and on the specific ontology of the Brethren in Purity. Résumé Avant celle de Ṯābit b. Qurra, l’Introduction arithmétique de Nicomaque de Gérase fit l'objet d'une première traduction fautive révisée par un élève d'al-Kindī. Grâce à la partie éditée et traduite par Freudenthal et Lévy, nous pouvons désormais identifier ce réviseur comme étant Aḥmad b. al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī, que nous avons par ailleurs reconnu comme auteur des Rasā᾿il Iḫwān al-Ṣafā᾿. La comparaison des gloses de ce réviseur d'une part avec un fragment inédit d'al-Saraḫsī et d'autre part avec les « Épîtres des Frères en Pureté » corrobore l'attribution des épîtres à al-Saraḫsī. En outre, l’étude des contresens de cette version kindisée du texte de Nicomaque nous renseigne mieux tant sur la tentative kindienne d'unifier la philosophie que sur la spécificité de l'ontologie des Frères en Pureté.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"23 1","pages":"261 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78150321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASP volume 29 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0957423919000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423919000080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"46 1","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85710088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AS DROPS IN THEIR SEA: ANGELOLOGY THROUGH ONTOLOGY IN FAḪR AL-DĪN AL-RĀZĪ’S AL-MAṬĀLIB AL-῾ĀLIYA","authors":"Nora Jacobsen Ben Hammed","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, I examine key passages from the Aš῾arite theologian Faḫr al- Dīn al-Rāzī’s (d. 606/1210) final work, Al-Maṭālib al-῾āliya (“ The lofty inquiries ”), in order to theorize Rāzī’s cosmology and angelology. In his attempt to prove the existence of these beings, Rāzī divides reality into material and intelligible realms. Angels, which signify the celestial intellects and spheres, exist as non-space-occupying beings and represent an aspect of the intelligible world. Of these, some are associated with celestial bodies, and others are entirely unassociated with materiality. I then present evidence for the possibility that Rāzī believed that these celestial spiritual beings are pre-eternal with God. These positions indicate a certain degree of conceptual continuity with the falsafa tradition, and reflect al-Ġazālī’s (d. 505/1111) previous integration of the philosophical structure of reality into some of his texts. Additionally, one may look to other philosophical currents that developed in the Islamic world beyond the falāsifa, and connect Rāzī’s cosmology to both the Hermetic tradition and the Epistles of the Iḫwān al-Ṣafā᾿. Résumé Dans cet article, j'analyse des passages cruciaux de la composition finale du théologien Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210), Al-Maṭālib al-῾āliya (« Les nobles enquêtes »), afin de théoriser sur la nature de deux de ses études : la cosmologie et l'angélologie. En cherchant à prouver l'existence de ces êtres, Rāzī divise la réalité en deux domaines : matériel et intelligible. Les anges, qui symbolisent les intellects et les sphères, existent dans une réalité intelligible comme des êtres qui n'occupent pas d'espace. Parmi eux, certains sont associés aux corps célestes, et d'autres ne s'associent à aucune chose matérielle. Dans un deuxième temps, je présente des arguments suggérant que Rāzī pensait peut-être que ces êtres célestes sont prééternels avec Dieu. Ces conceptions montrent une continuité avec la tradition philosophique islamique, et elles la structure philosophique de la réalité intégrée par al-Ġazālī (d. 505/1111) dans quelques textes théologiques. De plus, on a examiné d'autres courants philosophiques développés dans le monde islamique qui ont pu agir sur la cosmologie de Rāzī, en lien avec la tradition hermétique et avec les Épîtres des frères de la Pureté.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"7 1","pages":"185 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79670402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raggetti Lucia, ῾Īsā ibn ῾Alī’s Book on the useful properties of animal parts: Edition, translation and study of a fluid tradition (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018), xxxvi-591 p.","authors":"Fabian Käs","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000079","url":null,"abstract":"Lucia Raggetti, ̔Īsā ibn ̔Alī’s Book on the useful properties of animal parts: Edition, translation and study of a fluid tradition (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018), xxxvi-591 p. In the volume reviewed here, Lucia Raggetti presents an outstanding editio princeps and English translation of an early fundamental Arabic work on the medico-magic science of sympathetic qualities. The book of over 600 folio pages is the result of many years of intense scholarly work, as it is based on the editor’s Ph. D. thesis defended in 2012. For her meticulously written edition of the “ Book on the useful properties of animal parts ” (Kitāb manāfi ̔ a ̔ḍā ̓ al-ḥayawān 1) by the Christian physician ̔Īsā ibn ̔Alī (late 3rd/9th century), Raggetti used seven manuscripts 2 representing three different branches of its “ fluid ” textual tradition. Since these redactions differ in many respects, she rightly decided not to (re-)construct one single text, but to edit all three versions in parallel columns and to present three separate English translations, highly welcome to all readers not mastering Arabic. This modus operandi, although rather unusual in the field of Arabic studies, is absolutely justified, when a definitive reconstruction of the author’s autograph version – or at least a textus receptus – is impossible. Already in antiquity, many natural substances – and especially body parts of animals and humans – were supposed to own a mysterious “ natural property ” (Greek ; Arabic ḫāṣṣa, pl. ḫawāṣṣ) analogous to the manifest","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"432 1","pages":"285 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79520666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN EXCEPTIONAL SAGE AND THE NEED FOR THE MESSENGER: THE POLITICS OF FIṬRA IN A 12TH-CENTURY TALE","authors":"Raissa A. von Doetinchem de Rande","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper argues that Ibn Ṭufayl (d. 1185) in his Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān offers a surprisingly intellectual reading of the term fiṭra (pl. fiṭar) and one that has significant consequences for our understanding of the story. We will see that at crucial junctures in the text, fiṭra emerges solely in an intellectual context, implying a gulf amongst humanity that defies common understandings of the term as egalitarian. This gulf, I argue, illuminates the political implications of the tale. For while he emphasizes the broad compatibility of the more established, revealed and the philosophical path recently arrived in Andalusia, Ibn Ṭufayl, with the help of fiṭra, shows that the philosophical life is one for the very few. Attention to Ibn Ṭufayl's use of fiṭra might thus explain one of his reasons for writing this tale for the court. Its overall message heightens the role of religion and tempers the political significance of philosophy in two ways: by arguing that only select individuals have the capacity to access truth independently from revelation; and by denying these exceptionally gifted the ability to communicate their findings to the masses. Résumé Cet article part d'une lecture inhabituelle, inégalitaire, du terme fiṭra (pl. fiṭar) dans le Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān d'Ibn Ṭufayl (d. 1185) ; cette lecture modifie de façon conséquente notre compréhension de l'ensemble de l’œuvre. Nous verrons qu’à des moments cruciaux de la démonstration, il n'utilise le terme fiṭra que pour décrire la capacité des êtres à raisonner, ce qui implique qu'un fossé divise l'humanité et défie les acceptions ordinairement égalitaires de la fiṭra. Ce fossé éclaire, selon moi, les implications politiques du conte. Alors qu'Ibn Ṭufayl insiste sur la compatibilité entre la philosophie récemment parvenue en Andalousie et celle, plus établie, de la religion révélée, il montre, à l'aide de la fiṭra, que la vie philosophique n'est destinée qu’à un petit nombre. Prêter attention à l'usage qu'Ibn Ṭufayl fait de la fiṭra peut aider à expliquer l'une des raisons pour lesquelles il écrivit ce conte pour la cour. Son message global accentue le rôle de la religion et tempère l'importance politique de la philosophie de deux façons : d'une part, en avançant que seuls quelques individus choisis sont capables d'accéder à la vérité indépendamment de la révélation ; d'autre part, en refusant à ces êtres exceptionnellement doués la capacité de communiquer leurs découvertes aux masses.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"23 1","pages":"207 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79711421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AVICENNA'S INFLUENCE ON MAIMONIDES' “EPISTLE ON ASTROLOGY”","authors":"Elon Harvey","doi":"10.1017/S095742391900002X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S095742391900002X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper shows for the first time that Maimonides significantly relied on Avicenna's “Refutation of astrology” (Al-Išāra ilā fasād ῾ilm aḥkām al-nujūm) when composing his own refutation, the “Epistle on astrology” (῾Al Gezērat ha-kōkhabīm). Maimonides consulted a copy of Avicenna's Refutation, partially using its structure as a model for his Epistle, and adapting some of its arguments. Therefore, it may be said with certainty that Maimonides carefully read at least one of Avicenna's works, and that his Epistle is not based solely on his own previous works, the “Commentary on the Mishnah”, the “Code of Jewish law”, and the “Guide of the perplexed”. Résumé Cet article montre pour la première fois que Maïmonide s'est appuyé de manière significative sur la « Réfutation de l'astrologie » d'Avicenne (Al-Išāra ilā fasād ῾ilm aḥkām al-nujūm) pour composer sa propre réfutation, la « Lettre sur l'astrologie » (῾Al Gezērat ha-kōkhabīm). Maïmonide a consulté une copie de la Réfutation d'Avicenne, en utilisant sa structure comme modèle partiel pour sa lettre et en adaptant certains de ses arguments. Par conséquent, on peut dire avec certitude que Maïmonide a lu attentivement au moins une des œuvres d'Avicenne et que sa lettre ne se base pas uniquement sur ses propres œuvres antérieures, le « Commentaire sur la Mishnah », le « Code de la loi juive » et le « Guide des égarés ».","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"61 1","pages":"171 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85299435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}