Arabic Sciences and Philosophy最新文献

{"title":"ASP volume 29 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0957423919000092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423919000092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":"b1 - b4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72652698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IBN RAḤĪQ'S TEXT ON THE MILKY WAY: PERCEPTION OF THE MILKY WAY IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC SOCIETY","authors":"A. Eckart","doi":"10.1017/S0957423919000055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423919000055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ibn Raḥīq is an 11th century scholar who compiled a book on popular astronomy. This work included a section in which he summarizes basic knowledge of the Milky Way as it was wide spread in the first centuries after the hejira. Ibn Raḥīq gives a comprehensive overview of the perception of the Milky Way that reaches from its use as a test for knowledge of the religious tradition and for agricultural purposes on the one hand to an exact astronomical description of its shape in the sky during the year and to theories of its nature and composition on the other hand. We use a comparison of his text to those of Ibn al-Haytham and others to investigate the role the Milky Way played in early Islamic civilization from its beginning until the 15th century. Résumé Ibn Raḥīq est un érudit du xie siècle qui a compilé un livre sur l'astronomie grand public. Ce travail comprenait une section dans laquelle il résumait les connaissances de base sur la Voie lactée, telle qu'elle prévalait dans les premiers siècles après l'Hégire. Ibn Raḥīq donne un aperçu complet de la perception de la Voie lactée, allant de son utilisation comme test pour la connaissance de la tradition religieuse et de ses applications agricoles jusqu’à une description astronomique exacte de sa forme dans le ciel au cours de l'année et à des théories sur sa nature et sa composition. Nous utilisons une comparaison de son texte avec ceux d'Ibn al-Haytham et d'autres auteurs pour étudier le rôle de la Voie lactée dans la civilisation islamique depuis le début de son existence jusqu'au xve siècle.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"12 1","pages":"227 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THÉORIE DES COMÈTES ET OBSERVATIONS INÉDITES EN OCCIDENT MUSULMAN","authors":"M. R. Bekli, Ilhem Chadou, D. Aïssani","doi":"10.1017/S0957423918000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423918000103","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the Aristotelian theory of comets, which is well known in the Muslim West through the commentaries of Ibn Rušd and Ibn Bāǧǧa. This aspect is covered three centuries later in an unknown manuscript attributed to the famous mathematician Ibn Ġāzī al-Miknāsī (1437-1513), and this text is not present in the known list of his works. The author devotes a part of his manuscript to the comet astrology following Ptolemy, and introduces a critical position of Iḫwān al-Ṣafā’, characterized by the rejection of the sidereal comets idea. We are also interested in comet classifications given by Ibn Ġāzī and another author ‘Alī al-Antākī. We found that the content of the De cometis of pseudo-Ptolemy is analogous with the text of Ibn Ġāzī, and almost identical to the text of al-Antākī. Then, we are interested in observations of comets from the 9th to the end of the 19th century in North Africa and in Islamic Spain (Andalusia), recorded in some Arabic manuscripts on astronomy and history, which have never been the subject of an extensive study. The studied observations are: the two comets X/975 P1 and X/998 D1 reported by an anonymous author of the 15th century, the X/1381 V1 comet reported by Ibn al-Qāḍī (1553-1616), the passage of Halley's comet in 1456 reported by Muḥammad al-Zarkašī (1434-1525), the C/1743 X1 comet observed by ‘Abd al-Razzāq ibn Ḥamadūš (1695-1785), which confirm its fan structure, the two observations of Ibn ‘Alī al-Šrīf al-Šalāṭī of the D/1770 L1, and especially the C/1769 P1 comet. The graphic representation of this latter comet is unprecedented in the Muslim West.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77800530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MERCURY MODELS OF IBN AL-ŠĀṬIR AND COPERNICUS","authors":"Sajjad Nikfahm-Khubravan, F. J. Ragep","doi":"10.1017/S0957423918000085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423918000085","url":null,"abstract":"Copernicus' complex Mercury model in De revolutionibus is virtually identical, geometrically, to Ibn al-Šāṭir's (ca. 1305 – ca. 1375). However, the model in his earlier Commentariolus is different and in many ways unworkable. This has led some to claim that the younger Copernicus did not understand his predecessor's model; others have maintained that Copernicus was working totally independently of Ibn al-Šāṭir. We argue that Copernicus did have Ibn al-Šāṭir's models but needed to modify them to conform to a “quasi-homocentricity” in the Commentariolus. This modification, and the move from a geocentric to heliocentric cosmology, was facilitated by the “heliocentric bias” of Ibn al-Šāṭir's models, in which the Earth was the actual center of mean motion, in contrast to Ptolemy and most Islamicate astronomers. We show that: 1) Ibn al-Šāṭir sought to reproduce Ptolemy's critical elongation at the trines(±120°), but changed the Ptolemaic values at 0, ±90, and 180°; 2) in the Commentariolus, Copernicus does not try to produce viable elongations for Mercury; and 3) by the time of writing De revolutionibus, Copernicus is in full control of the Mercury model and is able to faithfully reproduce Ptolemy's elongations at all critical points. We also argue that claims regarding “natural” solutions undermining transmission are belied by historical evidence.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0957423918000085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72452548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DÉMONSTRATION PAR L'ABSURDE OU DÉMONSTRATION DIRECTE: AL-SIJZĪ, SUR L'INCOMMENSURABILITÉ DE LA DIAGONALE AVEC LE CÔTÉ","authors":"R. Rashed","doi":"10.1017/S0957423918000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423918000097","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I examine the opposition between direct proof and proof per impossibile, introduced by al-Sijzī (second half of the 10th century) in his treatise entitled The side is not commensurable with the diagonal. From this example he gives to illustrate this opposition, al-Sijzī argues the superiority of the direct proof. In this paper, I also give the editio princeps of his treatise, as well as its first translation.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77105760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UN LEMME D'ANALYSE DONT USE IBN AL-HAYTHAM EN GNOMONIQUE, DIOPTRIQUE ET CINÉMATIQUE CÉLESTE","authors":"Erwan Penchèvre","doi":"10.1017/S0957423918000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423918000127","url":null,"abstract":"In several places and for different purposes, Ibn al-Haytham has studied the variations of a well-known function. The context of these applications reveals some characteristics of Ibn al-Haytham's mathematical and physical thought. An in-depth study of his mathematical proofs of monotony show how close he was from an elaborate concept of the continuous.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"42 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87530514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE LOGIC OF AVICENNA BETWEEN AL-QIYĀS AND MANṬIQ AL-MAŠRIQIYYĪN","authors":"Saloua Chatti","doi":"10.1017/S0957423918000115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423918000115","url":null,"abstract":"Avicenna's logic is presented in many treatises, of which the most important is Al-Qiyās (Prior analytics), which is included in his encyclopaedic book Al-Šifā’. But the treatise entitled Manṭiq al-mašriqiyyīn is said to express Avicenna's own logic by some commentators. One can thus ask: is this treatise in conflict with Al-Qiyās and the other logical writings? In this paper, we will answer this question by comparing Avicenna's analyses of the absolute – i. e. non modal – propositions. We will show that there is no radical difference between both treatises in this respect, since most conditions added to the absolute propositions in Al-Qiyās can be found in Manṭiq al-mašriqiyyīn. These conditions are: (1) “as long as S exists”, (2) “as long as it is S”, (3) “as long as it is P”, (4) “at some times”, (5) “at one determined time”, (6) “sometimes but not permanently”. In Manṭiq al-mašriqiyyīn, the ḍarūrīya contains (1), the lāzima contains (2), the muntašira contains (4), the mafrūḍa contains (5), the wujūdiyya contains (6), but (3) is abandoned. The waqtiyya was evoked in Al-Qiyās, although not classified. So the temporal analysis initiated in Al-Qiyās is pursued and developed in Manṭiq al-mašriqiyyīn, even if in the latter it is sometimes confused.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77356533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SOUL OF, THE SOUL IN ITSELF, AND THE FLYING MAN EXPERIMENT","authors":"Tommaso Alpina","doi":"10.1017/S0957423918000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423918000024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Avicenna's Nafs there are two investigations that run in parallel from its very beginning: (a) the investigation of the soul as a relational entity, always considered in connection with the body, and (b) that of the human soul in itself. Both investigations aim at ascertaining the existence and the essence of the soul, in relation to the body, of which it is the soul, and in itself respectively. The aim of this contribution is to reconstruct the phases of these investigations, in order to single out the way in which they are mutually related to each other, and to detect what acts as an indicator of the transition from the first, more general investigation to the second, more specific one. In my reconstruction, this role is assigned to the Flying Man experiment. In order to corroborate this interpretation, passages from three other Avicennian works (Ḥikma mašriqiyya or al-Mašriqiyyūn, Kitāb al-Išārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt, and Risāla Aḍḥawiyya fī l-ma‘ād) are taken into account, since they contain the three other attested formulations of the Flying Man experiment, and an argumentative move similar to the one detectable in the Nafs. Résumé Il y a, dans le Nafs d'Avicenne, deux enquêtes cheminant dès le début en parallèle : (a) celle sur l’âme comme entité relationnelle, toujours considérée dans sa connexion avec le corps, et (b) celle sur l’âme humaine en elle-même. Les deux enquêtes visent à établir l'existence et l'essence de l’âme, respectivement en relation au corps dont elle est l’âme et en soi-même. Le but de cette contribution est de reconstruire les étapes de ces enquêtes, afin de mettre en relief leur relation mutuelle, et d'identifier ce qui fait office d'indicateur permettant de localiser la transition de la première enquête, plus générale, à la seconde, plus spécifique. Selon la reconstitution ici présentée, ce rôle peut être attribué à l'expérience de l’homme volant. Afin de corroborer cette interprétation, on prendra en considération trois autres ouvrages d'Avicenne (Ḥikmamašriqiyya ou al-Mašriqiyyūn, Kitāb al-Išārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt et Risāla Aḍḥawiyya fī l-ma‘ād), ceux-ci contenant les trois autres formulations attestées de l’homme volant, ainsi qu'un mouvement argumentatif similaire à celui que l'on peut reconstituer dans le Nafs.","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"7 1","pages":"187 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81891559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASP volume 28 issue 2 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0957423918000073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423918000073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"8 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74838037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASP volume 28 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0957423918000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423918000061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43433,"journal":{"name":"Arabic Sciences and Philosophy","volume":"31 1","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89347972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}