Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Microneedle-based electrochemical sensors for real-time pH and sodium monitoring in physiological environments","authors":"Fahima Rahman ,&nbsp;Adam Ryan ,&nbsp;Andrea Bocchino ,&nbsp;Paul Galvin ,&nbsp;Sofia Rodrigues Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes developing microneedle (MN) sensors for pH and sodium detection. MNs are minimally invasive, miniaturized needles capable of piercing the stratum corneum to access dermal interstitial fluid (ISF). They can offer accessible, quick, and precise point-of-care diagnostics, potentially replacing centralized laboratory testing. The study uses electrochemical techniques for sensor modification, detection, and in-vitro characterizations. This work aimed to create and validate a polymer-based disposable microneedle patch for future transdermal electrochemical sensing. Successful potentiometric sensor development for pH detection using SiOx as passivation layers with IrOx functionalization was demonstrated. Additionally, voltametric sodium sensors were achieved with ARcare passivation and PEDOT functionalization. Both pH and Na⁺ sensors exhibited linear responses within normal physiological levels across various solutions. The pH sensors showed sensitivity of −60.5 mV/pH and an accuracy of 97.7 % alongside an error margin of 2.3 %, while sodium sensors achieved a sensitivity of 3.29 nA/mM/mm². Both sensors exhibit dynamic, rapid responses, along with good repeatability, stability, and selectivity. Over a twenty-one-day span for pH sensors and a fourteen-day period for sodium sensors, this study offers validation that microneedles serve as a viable foundation for wearable systems, enabling real-time, multiparameter biosensing of interstitial fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary glucose detection with spiral shape hollow core photonic crystal fiber: Towards improved diabetes management","authors":"Md. Safiul Islam ,&nbsp;A.H.M. Iftekharul Ferdous ,&nbsp;Md. Jakir Hossen ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mamun ,&nbsp;Khalid Sifulla Noor ,&nbsp;Diponkar Kundu ,&nbsp;Md. Galib Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, diabetes is a prevalent ailment worldwide. Insufficient insulin leads to an inability to transform glucose into energy, resulting in increased amounts of glucose in human body. Acute diabetes treatment and follow-up rely on urine glucose detection since it provides a non-invasive, reasonably priced means to assess glucose levels and regulate the progression of the disease. This article presents the development of a circular shape core and semi-circular trapezoid air holes biosensor PCF to assess the glucose concentration in urine inside the THz band. With matching RI's of 1.335, 1.336, 1.337, 1.338, 1.341, and 1.347, glucose quantity in bio-sample spans 0 to 15 mg/dl (for as usual people) and 0.625 g/dL, 1.25 g/dL, 2.5 g/dL, 5 g/dL, and 10 g/dL (for diabetic patients) and achieve highest sensitivity is 99.12 %, EML loss 0.0021 cm⁻¹, 2.24× 10⁻¹³ dB/m for 10 g/dl. The innovative design of this device guarantees precise and non-intrusive monitoring of the various stages of diabetes, allowing for timely and efficient control of the condition. This revolutionary sensor improves patient care and facilitates early intervention by offering a dependable and cost-efficient alternative to conventional approaches. Timely identification aids in averting complications and enhances patient prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A portable electrochemical immunosensor for detection of S. aureus based on polyelectrolyte-modified screen-printed carbon electrode","authors":"Aleksei A. Evdokimov,&nbsp;Anna A. Baldina,&nbsp;Anna A. Nikitina,&nbsp;Timur A. Aliev,&nbsp;Artemii M. Zenkin,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Zhukov,&nbsp;Igor S. Pantyukhin,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Skorb ,&nbsp;Anton A. Muravev","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this report, we present electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria on the basis of SPCE/PEI/АB_<em>SA</em>/PSS layer-by-layer assembly as a recognition element. QCM measurements and AFM imaging ensure effective adhesion of <em>S. aureus</em> antibody to PEI surface and its strong interactions with analyte through the PSS polyelectrolyte layer. Impedimetric detection of <em>S. aureus</em> gives the LOD of 1000 CFU/mL and the linear range from 10⁴ to 10⁷ CFU/mL and features facile assembly of recognition element and easy sampling. Voltammetric detection of the formation of the sandwich immunocomplex with secondary antibody in the outermost layer (AB–AG–AB-HRP) not only decreases the detection limit to 230 CFU/mL and expands the linear range of detection to 10³–10⁸ CFU/mL, but also could detect <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria with a portable open-source custom potentiostat in voltammetric mode, which is promising for non-invasive point-of-care monitoring of pathogens and addresses issues of antibody-based sensors, such as high cost and difficult chemical modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemiluminescence ratio sensor for detecting MCP-1 based on s-PdNS","authors":"Weiran Mao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yin ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Tang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Jiang ,&nbsp;Xia Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel sandwich-based ratio electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for detecting monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a marker of cardiovascular disease. We synthesized sulfur-doped palladium nanosheets (S-PdNS), which possess a stable structure and uniform morphology, and can quench signals generated by the S₂O₈²⁻/O₂ ECL system. Using glutaraldehyde (GA), we conjugated luminol to these nanosheets and combined them with a secondary antibody. This modification enabled the nanomaterial to produce a new luminol signal as an internal reference for detection while quenching the S₂O₈²⁻/O₂ ECL signal. To date, no studies have utilized both mechanisms for detection. Furthermore, the deposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) allowed for increased antibody binding and improved electron transmission in the ECL system. When trace analytes are present, the S₂O₈²⁻/O₂ ECL signal decreases, and the luminol ECL signal increases. This setup allowed us to obtain two signals from one measurement and use the ratio to construct a standard curve, significantly reducing the possibility of misjudgment. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection range for MCP-1 is 10^–2.5 pg mL⁻¹ to 10³ pg mL⁻¹, with a detection limit of 1.6 fg mL⁻¹ (S / <em>N</em> = 3). The immunosensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, and stability, expanding the application of the dual luminescence mechanism and providing an effective method for early monitoring of cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient assessment and selective determination of pancreatic cancer biomarker CA-19-9 using co-electrodeposited MXene-AgNPs nanocomposite","authors":"Mahsa Mirzayi ,&nbsp;Balal Khalilzadeh ,&nbsp;Sattar Akbari Nakhjavani ,&nbsp;Rahim Mohammad-Rezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on MXene-AgNPs nanocomposite is reported for pancreas cancer diagnostics. Ease of deposition, high speed, thickness of deposition and high efficiency of these biosensors are their special and fundamental advantages.</div><div>For this purpose, a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified by silver and MXene (Ti3C2Tx (to increase efficiency and also the active surface area of PGE. Deposition of AgNPs-MXene nanocomposite then immobilization of streptavidin and biotinylated antibody on the electrode increases the sensitivity, conductivity and stability of the designed immunosensor. The electrochemical measurements in the attendance and absence of AgNPs-MXene can causing an increase in electrical currents. To examine the morphology of the developed immunosensor for the purpose of enhancing its optimal performance, the characterization methods employed include Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the studies projected antibody (Ab) CA-19-9/AgNPs-MXene electrochemical immunosensor as a potential and affordable alternate of conventional methods like ELISA. The desirable LOD was recorded as 1 nU/mL. The repeatability and reproducibility were successfully inspected for ten repeated mensuration and the lowest RSD percentages were observed as about 5 % for the concentration of 1, 10 and 20 nU/mL. As a proof of the discussed results, the presented biosensor has a high sufficiency to be used in clinical laboratories to diagnose pancreatic cancer. We believe that our fabricated sensor can be the plan of diseases management program due to affordable rapid and label free detection of a targeted biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100753"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoengineered diagnostic surface for efficient detection of MMP1 cancer biomarkers","authors":"Graziele Cruzado ,&nbsp;Alexis Marion ,&nbsp;Edward Harvey ,&nbsp;Geraldine Merle","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer, a global health concern, necessitates improved diagnostic tools for early detection and personalized treatment strategies. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), crucial in cancer progression, degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and facilitate metastasis. MMP1, notable for its role in ECM degradation and tumor promotion, is implicated in various cancers. Detecting MMP1 early offers critical insights into cancer progression and treatment efficacy. Traditional diagnostic methods are invasive and time-consuming, prompting the development of more efficient detection techniques. Here, we introduce an electrochemical peptide-based biosensor for sensitive MMP1 detection. Utilizing gold nanostructures to enhance surface area and signal-to-noise ratio, the biosensor employs ferrocene-labeled peptides sensitive to MMP1 hydrolysis, enabling voltammetric detection. This approach combines nanotechnology with electrochemical techniques for enhanced sensitivity and specificity, promising transformative impacts on cancer diagnostics. The biosensor exhibits a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.27 ng/mL and demonstrates exceptional specificity towards MMP1, highlighting its potential for precise MMP1 detection in clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100761"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable THz supper absorber based on graphene nano ribbons for bio-sensing applications","authors":"Mohamadreza Vatoor,&nbsp;Seyyed Sajjad Tabatabaee,&nbsp;Pejman Shabani","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leveraging periodic arrays of graphene ribbons and a flexible spacer, a highly adjustable THz wave absorber is discussed in the paper. The structure includes two stacked layers while a thick metallic plate covers the structure from beneath. The exploited periodic arrays of graphene ribbons with four different widths are placed on top of the Kapton spacer. The structure is modeled by passive circuit elements as an impedance while numerical full wave simulation is also performed to verify the validity and accuracy of the impedance matching concept. According to simulation results, an acceptable convergence is obtained between two separate simulations while the circuit model is developed by a MATLAB mfile, and full wave analysis is achieved via CST software. Both simulation paths verify multi-band absorption peaks in the THz spectrum with highly reliable and robust absorption peaks. According to the results, six absorption peaks with higher than 90 % adsorption are achieved. The response sensitivity is investigated versus design parameters that show appropriate robustness against geometrical parameters while the response is able to be fully controlled by changing the graphene patterns' chemical potentials. Such an adjustable wave absorber is in great demand for building larger optical systems including medical and security sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetraphenylethylene fluorophore-based AIE-fluorescent ionogels","authors":"Xuejing Zhai ,&nbsp;Jinxue Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinghai Wang ,&nbsp;Yahui Wen ,&nbsp;Peiyi Li ,&nbsp;Qiancheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Lidong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) systems face challenges in low-visibility environments, particularly for monitoring applications at night, due to optical and electrical signal feedback limitations. To address this issue, we developed fluorescent ionogels (TPPE-IL) by incorporating TPPE into an ionic liquid matrix. This innovative combination enhances the performance of wearable electronic devices through improved ionic conductivity, softness, and transparency. TPPE-IL exhibits significantly higher fluorescence intensity than hydrogel systems, making it more effective for nighttime monitoring. It demonstrates exceptional fluorescence stability during continuous stretch-release cycles (1000 s) and robust adhesive properties. Additionally, it exhibits excellent environmental stability and dehydration resistance. The sensitivity of TPPE-IL as a sensing material is 1.85, making it suitable for high-performance deformation sensors. Notably, the strain sensor based on TPPE-IL enables real-time monitoring of human and giant salamander movements at night, providing high sensitivity and reliable signal response. This study highlights the potential of TPPE ionogels in wearable electronics and ecological monitoring, offering a significant reference for developing new fluorescent ionogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective and simultaneous electrochemical detection of amoxicillin and paracetamol in pharmaceuticals and serum using a mixed-ligand poly(Co(II)-phenanthroline, diresorcinate) modified electrode","authors":"Dereje Birhanu ,&nbsp;Alemu Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Adane Kassa ,&nbsp;Getinet Tamiru Tigineh ,&nbsp;Amare Benor ,&nbsp;Atakilt Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal coordination compounds are emerging as good alternative electrode modifiers for detection of various electroactive analytes due to their several appropriate features such as that they can provide high sensitivity, selectivity, electrical conductivity, and a larger surface area. This study reports the use of carefully designed and prepared cobalt(II) complex using resorcinolate (HR⁻) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) having a formula of Co(HR)₂(phen) (DHRPCo), with electroactivity and a tetrahedral geometry. The later properties are important for its easy polymerization and impart porous surface on the electrode surface. This complex was used for the fabrication of metal complex-based polymer film-modified electrode for the simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin (AMX) and paracetamol (PTM). Using cyclic voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods, the potentiodynamic (employing a potential range) synthesis of poly(diresorcinate-1,10-phenanthrolinecobalt(II)) modified glassy carbon electrode (poly(DHRPCo)/GCE) was confirmed. The poly(DHRPCo)/GCE in an equimolar combination of AMX and PTM showed adequately separated oxidative peaks with significantly improved peak current, indicating the polymer film's electrocatalytic property towards the oxidation of AMX and PTM, as compared to the unmodified GCE. The poly(DHRPCo)/GCE electrode demonstrated a linear oxidative peak current response to AMX and PTM concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 400.0 μM under optimum pH and square wave voltammetric configurations. The detection limits were 20.50 nM for AMX and 4.03 nM for PTM. While interference recovery errors were less than 4.84 % for both analytes, the range of spike recovery rates for AMX and PTM was 99.00 % to 100.45 % and 99.33 % to 100.05 %, respectively. The technique showed outstanding electrode stability and a high degree of agreement between the detected and nominal values of AMX and PTM in tablet samples. These results confirm the reliability of the developed approach for simultaneous quantification of AMX and PTM in diverse real-world samples. Its application to pharmaceutical tablets and human blood serum further highlights its potential as an effective analytical tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane detection approach based on THz wave absorber","authors":"Alireza Barati Haghverdi ,&nbsp;Ilghar Rezaei ,&nbsp;Amir Ali Mohammad Khani ,&nbsp;Toktam Aghaee","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple and efficient methane detection approach has been developed in this paper. A THz wave absorber sensitive to refractive index is designed. The proposed absorber mainly uses nested graphene rings and continuous graphene sheets. Two scenarios are followed in this paper. Firstly, a simple single layer including graphene rings on top of the Kapton dielectric and backside coated gold is suggested. The graphene rings face free space or polluted air with a known refractive index in this situation. The second scenario considers the sample (probably toxic polluted air) in the middle layer and also in free space. Both states are mathematically modeled in terms of referred impedance. Additionally, full-wave simulations are also performed. The equivalent impedance can reveal the absorption response of the structure with the aim of impedance matching or maximum power transmission theorem. Interestingly, the impedance modeling converges to the numerical full-wave simulation, verifying efficient mathematical modeling. Furthermore, ample simulation results are provided to investigate the robustness and reliability of the proposed methane optical detector. Based on the findings, the proposed detector is highly appropriate for gas detection, specifically for the healthcare industry due to using Kapton which makes it flexible and wearable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}