Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasensitive label-free ratiometric colorimetric sensor for free chlorine detection in tap water based on a novel brilliant blue-Au NCs","authors":"Dongning Li ,&nbsp;Yanli Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Wenfang Sun ,&nbsp;Haiping Ni ,&nbsp;Xiangping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Au nanoclusters was prepared under the guidance of a synthetic colorant brilliant blue (BB-Au NCs). The microstructure and crystal structure of the resulting products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The absorbance of BB-Au NCs at 247 nm was enhanced while the absorbance at 308 and 630 nm was reduced by free chlorine, an unavoidable and ubiquitous disinfection byproduct. The optical properties of BB-Au NCs and the influence of free chlorine were analyzed using computational chemistry methods based on density functional theory (DFT). The ratio of absorbance of BB-Au NCs at 247 and 630 nm was used for accurate quantitative determination of free chlorine in a range from 5 to 50 μM, with the detection limit is 1 μM. This method demonstrates potential application for simple and environmentally friendly detection of free chlorine in water samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of eco-friendly and cost-effective electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of 4-aminophenol and paracetamol in water","authors":"Antía Fdez-Sanromán ,&nbsp;Najib Ben Messaoud ,&nbsp;Marta Pazos ,&nbsp;Emilio Rosales ,&nbsp;Raquel Barbosa Queirós","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical waste contamination is an increasing environmental concern due to its persistence and potential adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems. Among these contaminants, paracetamol (PA) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) are prevalent in urban wastewater due to their widespread use. Accurate detection of these compounds is essential for environmental risk assessment and mitigation strategies. In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on carbon screen-printed electrodes (C-SPEs) modified with functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNF-COOH) was developed for the simultaneous detection of PA and 4-AP. The electrochemical performance of commercially available gold and carbon-based SPEs was evaluated, demonstrating superior sensitivity for PA and 4-AP with C-SPEs. The incorporation of CNF-COOH improved electron transfer and increased surface area, enhancing both sensitivity and selectivity by facilitating stronger interactions with the target analytes. The novel C-SPE/CNF-COOH sensor achieved detection limits of 0.002 mM for PA and 0.007 mM for 4-AP. It was successfully tested in real freshwater samples, demonstrating high accuracy even in complex matrices. This innovative methodology provides a rapid, cost-effective, and portable analytical tool for routine monitoring of pharmaceutical contaminants, enabling more accurate environmental risk assessments and supporting the implementation of more efficient management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in nano-enhanced biosensors: Innovations in design, applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety, and emerging research challenges","authors":"Mohamed Hemdan ,&nbsp;Khaled Abuelhaded ,&nbsp;Abanoub A.S. Shaker ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Ashour ,&nbsp;Moustafa M. Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Mohammed I. Dahab ,&nbsp;Yara A. Nassar ,&nbsp;Amir M.M. Sarguos ,&nbsp;Pola S. Zakaria ,&nbsp;Haidy A. Fahmy ,&nbsp;Sherif S. Abdel Mageed ,&nbsp;Mariam O.A. Hamed ,&nbsp;Mahmoud F. Mubarak ,&nbsp;Mostafa A. Taher ,&nbsp;Najla F. Gumaah ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Ragab","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of nanotechnology into biosensor design has propelled significant advancements, transforming them into essential tools for precise and rapid detection in diverse fields. This comprehensive review highlights the latest innovations in nanotechnology-enhanced biosensors, emphasizing their role in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. It explores how advancements in signal transduction, detection limits, and surface functionalisation have enabled early disease diagnosis through biomarker detection, precise therapeutic drug monitoring, and real-time health assessments. In environmental applications, these biosensors offer unparalleled accuracy in detecting pollutants and pathogens, addressing critical challenges in water and air quality monitoring. In food safety, they ensure rapid identification of contaminants, including toxins, pesticide residues, and pathogens, supporting compliance with stringent safety standards. The review also examines challenges such as scalability and regulatory constraints, while discussing the transformative potential of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and 3D printing. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the evolving applications and future potential of nanotechnology-driven biosensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A screen-printed carbon electrode modified with a green synthesized gold nanoparticle for selective detection of nitrite in drinking water sample","authors":"M.V. Arularasu ,&nbsp;T.V. Rajendran ,&nbsp;R. Vignesh ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Nelson ,&nbsp;Shaik Mohammed Yusuf","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomaterials are used in numerous applications such as medicine, environmental remediation, food packaging, and biomedical applications. Nanoparticle synthesis using the eco-friendly technique shows a fascinating property compared to conventional chemical route methods. In this work, we demonstrate an eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the <em>Acacia nilotica</em> leaf extract. AuNPs modified screen-printed electrode was applied for electrochemical detection of nitrite. Synthesized AuNPs were characterized by various techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and UV–visible analysis. FT-IR result of AuNPs demonstrate the distinct functional groups involved in the formation of AuNPs. FE-SEM confirms the AuNPs towards agglomeration and tiny nanoparticles were obtained in uniformly spherical in shape. The TEM analysis revealed AuNPs have small spherical nanoparticles with a size ranging from 10 to 20 nm and EDX result displayed the presence of Au element. The UV–visible absorbance band appeared at 584 nm due to surface plasmon resonance, which confirms the reduction of Au ions to elemental AuNPs. At optimized conditions, a wide linear response range from 0.1 to 1000 μM and a relatively low detection limit (0.03 μM) was observed for electrochemical detection of nitrite ion by modified AuNPs/SPCE electrode. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates outstanding repeatability, selectivity, reproducibility, and storage stability. Thus, the fabricated, AuNPs/SPCE electrode has versatile, practical applications for detecting nitrite in aquatic media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Chip DO sensor based on phosphorescence lifetime spectroscopy for investigation of activation parameters in photodynamic therapy of cancers","authors":"E. Heydari ,&nbsp;S. Delavari ,&nbsp;K. Hajisharifi ,&nbsp;S. Emadi ,&nbsp;H. Radnaseri ,&nbsp;M. Moeini ,&nbsp;H. Mehdian ,&nbsp;A. Erdem ,&nbsp;G. Bai ,&nbsp;M. Razzaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 3D-printed optofluidic chip with an embedded dissolved oxygen sensor, empowered with a time-resolved phosphorescence lifetime spectroscopy platform, is developed for indirect analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This platform is implemented for continuous evaluation of ROS production/elimination through real-time measurement of photoluminescence (PL) lifetime (<span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span>) during PDT treatment, revealing the key contributions of the photosensitizer (PS), excitation laser, and the medium in ROS generation during this process. Rose Bengal (RB) is utilized as a PS to demonstrate this system's capability to analyze and tune the PS activation parameters such as PS concentration, laser exposure time, and power. In addition, the platform provides important information on the medium activation duration, the maximum changes in the PL lifetime (<span><math><mo>∆</mo><mi>τ</mi></math></span>_max), and the time to reach <span><math><mo>∆</mo><mi>τ</mi></math></span>_max. For the Dulbecco's modified eagle medium high glucose (DMEM HG) containing fetal bovine serum (FBS), RB, and A375 human melanoma cell line as a representative example, these parameters are 1070 s, 4.4 μs, and 780 s respectively. Two ROS scavengers of sodium pyruvate (SP) and terephthalic acid (TA) are used to demonstrate that more than 90 % of the change in the <span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span> corresponds to OH• and H₂O₂ radicals, confirming the correlation between ROS generation/elimination and <span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span> variations. Moreover, this system is compared with conventional absorption and photoluminescent methods based on 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) indicator. Unlike DPBF and similar indicators, this on-chip system besides providing real-time data on the dynamics of activation and deactivation of the PSs, enables distinguishing the contribution of various parameters, and is not consumed during the measurement and can be reused multiple times. Therefore, the developed platform is potentially beneficial for on-chip drug analysis and development in PDT therapy, as well as other biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of convolutional neural networks and traditional feature extraction techniques for adulteration detection in ground beef","authors":"Leila Bahmani ,&nbsp;Saied Minaei ,&nbsp;Alireza Mahdavian ,&nbsp;Ahmad Banakar ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Soltani Firouz","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of adulteration in meat products, including minced meat, is a serious concern in many parts of the world. Therefore, notable efforts have been made to find fast, non-destructive and efficient methods to detect adulteration in minced meat. In this research, thermal imaging was investigated to detect adulteration of ground beef in two data sets that included sheep lung and chicken gizzard as impurities. In order to identify the most appropriate feature extraction algorithm and classify samples having various levels of adulteration, Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrixes <strong>(</strong>GLCM) and Gabor filter were compared. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was also used to extract features and classify images. In order to evaluate these algorithms, the following criteria were utilized: accuracy, precision, recall, specificity and F-score. Results showed that for both datasets, the best performance was obtained using the Gabor filter while the weakest performance was related to the LBP algorithm. However, CNN, with a total accuracy of over 99 % in both data sets, was found to surpass the other methods and is recommended as the best approach for analyzing thermal images of ground beef adulterated with avian and ovine offal. This shows the superiority of CNN algorithm over machine learning algorithms in identifying adulteration in minced meat. The experimental results and the associated data analysis presented here show the appropriate use of thermography in identifying meat fraud, which can be suitable for online applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber laser generation of an ag/MoS2/PVP nanoparticle composite SERS sensor for benzene detection in water","authors":"Rana M. Taha ,&nbsp;Fatema H. Rajab ,&nbsp;Alaa Al-Taie","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most widely used practices to detect chemical contaminants at ultra-low concentrations is Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), a highly sensitive technique that provides the unmatched sensitivity necessary for environmental and safety applications. In this work, we report the synthesis of a silver (Ag), molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticle composite by fiber laser ablation in water to produce a high-performance SERS sensor by adapting both electromagnetic (EM) and chemical mechanism (CM) in a composite. The CM enhancement originates from MoS₂ NPs charge transfer whereas the EM enhancement associated with localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag NP. Crystal violet (CV) was utilized as a probe molecule for evaluating the performance of the SERS sensor so produced. It was then utilized in the detection of trace amounts of benzene in DI, tape and river water with a maximum enhancement factor (EF) of 3 × 10⁷ and a detection limit up to 0.001 nM confirming its high sensitivity, reliability and long-time stability as well as its potential as an ideal monitoring platform for benzene pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and optimization of a versatile bioFET platform for detecting nucleic acids and protein using the biotin–neutravidin affinity system","authors":"Jiunn-Tyng Yeh ,&nbsp;Lian-Chin Wang ,&nbsp;Chi-Pei Weng ,&nbsp;Chang-Fu Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A biosensor based on a field-effect transistor (bioFET) is a promising system for point-of-care testing due to its portability and high sensitivity. A bioFET uses a linker platform to connect capture molecules to the FET, which detects electrical changes when targets bind to the capture molecules. This study presents the development and optimization of a versatile, highly sensitive bioFET platform utilizing a biotin–neutravidin affinity system capable of detecting both DNA and proteins. The bioFET was constructed using an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) with an aluminum gate functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)–biotin–neutravidin. We optimized the concentrations and molar ratio of biotin and neutravidin using fluorescence imaging and biosensing benchmarks. We found that 0.1 μg/mL biotin paired with 30 μg/mL neutravidin, approximately 1:1 in molarity, achieved optimal sensitivity. The optimized bioFET system demonstrated good sensitivity, with lower detection limits of 3.5 copies for <em>Escherichia coli</em> genomic DNA and 0.3 fg/mL for p-Tau217, an Alzheimer's disease biomarker. In summary, this study establishes the ideal conditions for constructing a bioFET system using an APTES–biotin–neutravidin linker capable of detecting DNA and proteins, with potential for convenient and sensitive point-of-care diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle-based electrochemical sensors for real-time pH and sodium monitoring in physiological environments","authors":"Fahima Rahman ,&nbsp;Adam Ryan ,&nbsp;Andrea Bocchino ,&nbsp;Paul Galvin ,&nbsp;Sofia Rodrigues Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes developing microneedle (MN) sensors for pH and sodium detection. MNs are minimally invasive, miniaturized needles capable of piercing the stratum corneum to access dermal interstitial fluid (ISF). They can offer accessible, quick, and precise point-of-care diagnostics, potentially replacing centralized laboratory testing. The study uses electrochemical techniques for sensor modification, detection, and in-vitro characterizations. This work aimed to create and validate a polymer-based disposable microneedle patch for future transdermal electrochemical sensing. Successful potentiometric sensor development for pH detection using SiOx as passivation layers with IrOx functionalization was demonstrated. Additionally, voltametric sodium sensors were achieved with ARcare passivation and PEDOT functionalization. Both pH and Na⁺ sensors exhibited linear responses within normal physiological levels across various solutions. The pH sensors showed sensitivity of −60.5 mV/pH and an accuracy of 97.7 % alongside an error margin of 2.3 %, while sodium sensors achieved a sensitivity of 3.29 nA/mM/mm². Both sensors exhibit dynamic, rapid responses, along with good repeatability, stability, and selectivity. Over a twenty-one-day span for pH sensors and a fourteen-day period for sodium sensors, this study offers validation that microneedles serve as a viable foundation for wearable systems, enabling real-time, multiparameter biosensing of interstitial fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary glucose detection with spiral shape hollow core photonic crystal fiber: Towards improved diabetes management","authors":"Md. Safiul Islam ,&nbsp;A.H.M. Iftekharul Ferdous ,&nbsp;Md. Jakir Hossen ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mamun ,&nbsp;Khalid Sifulla Noor ,&nbsp;Diponkar Kundu ,&nbsp;Md. Galib Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, diabetes is a prevalent ailment worldwide. Insufficient insulin leads to an inability to transform glucose into energy, resulting in increased amounts of glucose in human body. Acute diabetes treatment and follow-up rely on urine glucose detection since it provides a non-invasive, reasonably priced means to assess glucose levels and regulate the progression of the disease. This article presents the development of a circular shape core and semi-circular trapezoid air holes biosensor PCF to assess the glucose concentration in urine inside the THz band. With matching RI's of 1.335, 1.336, 1.337, 1.338, 1.341, and 1.347, glucose quantity in bio-sample spans 0 to 15 mg/dl (for as usual people) and 0.625 g/dL, 1.25 g/dL, 2.5 g/dL, 5 g/dL, and 10 g/dL (for diabetic patients) and achieve highest sensitivity is 99.12 %, EML loss 0.0021 cm⁻¹, 2.24× 10⁻¹³ dB/m for 10 g/dl. The innovative design of this device guarantees precise and non-intrusive monitoring of the various stages of diabetes, allowing for timely and efficient control of the condition. This revolutionary sensor improves patient care and facilitates early intervention by offering a dependable and cost-efficient alternative to conventional approaches. Timely identification aids in averting complications and enhances patient prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}