Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of folic acid immobilized graphene oxide-silica (FA@GO-SiO2) for the electrochemical detection of circulating tumor cells","authors":"Sabeen Iqbal,&nbsp;Saman Kainat,&nbsp;Fahmida Jabeen,&nbsp;Muhammad Salman Sajid,&nbsp;Saadat Majeed,&nbsp;Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from primary tumors, enter bloodstream, and can be enriched from millions of blood cells as valuable biomarkers due to the overexpression of surface receptors. However, their enrichment is challenging because of millions of white blood cells (WBCs) compared to their low abundance in blood i.e., 1–10 CTCs per mL. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) - silica (SiO₂) nanocomposite functionalized with folic acid (FA@GO-SiO₂) is developed for the selective and sensitive detection of CTCs from blood. The synthesized material is characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. A549 (lung cancer) cells are applied as the model target and detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using FA@GO-SiO₂ coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A calibration curve with R² = 0.9851 is obtained for 50–50,000 cells/mL with LOD of 1 cell/mL. Electrochemical analysis of CTCs by fabricated biosensor can offer early cancer diagnosis from blood samples without complicated pretreatment steps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A small library crRNA-enhanced CRISPR-Cas12a system for ultrasensitive point-of-care test of hantavirus M gene","authors":"Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Xue-mei Ren,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Pu Xu,&nbsp;Zhuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of CRISPR-Cas systems with isothermal nucleic acid amplification (INA) holds transformative potential for point-of-care diagnostics, yet technical challenges such as limited sensitivity, cross-contamination risks, and incompatibility between amplification and detection phases hinder their clinical adoption. Here, we present a novel small library CRISPR/Cas12a crRNA (SLCC) platform for ultrasensitive detection of the hantavirus M gene, a conserved target critical for diagnosing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The SLCC platform incorporates three key innovations: machine learning-guided crRNA design to target highly conserved viral regions; multi-crRNA collaborative signal amplification to enhance Cas12a's collateral cleavage activity, and a single-tube workflow integrating reverse transcription, recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA), and CRISPR detection. Experimental validation demonstrated that the combinatorial six-crRNA strategy achieved an 85-fold improvement in sensitivity over single-crRNA systems (limit of detection (LoD): 0.086 pM vs. 7.31 pM for DNA of amplification). The optimized one-step RT-RPA/CRISPR-Cas12a workflow reduced assay time, while maintaining high specificity, as evidenced by concordant results with clinical samples and negligible cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2, HBV, and <em>mycoplasma pneumoniae</em>. Notably, the platform achieved a 42.29-fold lower LoD for RNA detection compared to single-crRNA CRISPR-Cas system, with fluorescence signal amplification plateauing within 45 min. The SLCCA platform integration of RNA reverse transcription amplification and Cas12a enzymatic cleavage within a single-tube workflow, combined with lateral flow strip-based signal readout, which achieves a sensitivity of 500 pM for RNA detection, demonstrating a 10–20-fold enhancement in the LoD compared to single-crRNA systems CRISPR-Cas diagnostic approaches. The advancements in the small library crRNA strategy address critical barriers in CRISPR-based diagnostics by offering a convenient and field-deployable solution for rapid, highly sensitive pathogen detection in resource-limited settings. This study establishes SLCC as a versatile framework that can adapt to emerging infectious disease surveillance and point-of-care applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous electrochemical determination of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes based on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoribbons/copper nanoparticles coupled with aptamer-gated probe/UiO-66 framework","authors":"Xiaohua Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Lv ,&nbsp;Changquan Rao ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne pathogenic bacteria pose severe threats to human health and often coexist within the same environment. Thus, developing a sensitive and reliable method for their simultaneous detection is critically important. In this study, we first synthesized Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanoribbons/copper nanoparticles (Ti₃C₂T_xNR/Cu) via a simple self-reduction method to modify electrodes for signal amplification. Concurrently, we constructed UiO-66 MOFs encapsulated with distinct probes and gated by target-specific aptamers (Apts) as bio-gatekeepers. We then proposed an innovative electrochemical strategy for the simultaneous detection of two model pathogens: <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (LM). The Ti₃C₂T_xNR/Cu nanohybrid synergistically enhanced the current signals of the probes by leveraging the combined advantages of Ti₃C₂T_xNR and Cu nanoparticles. For <em>S. aureus</em> detection, methylene blue (MB) and <em>S. aureus</em>-specific aptamer (S-Apt) were employed as the probe and bio-gatekeeper, respectively, while ferrocene (Fc) and LM-specific aptamer (L-Apt) were used for LM. Upon target binding, the Apts dissociated from the UiO-66 MOFs, releasing the encapsulated probes (MB or Fc). The resulting current signals, measured at the Ti₃C₂T_xNR/Cu electrode, enabled the quantitative and simultaneous detection of both pathogens. This platform's modular design allows easy adaptation for detecting other bacteria by simply replacing the aptamers, offering broad potential applications in controlling food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intellectual engineering of alpha fetoprotein-arachidonic acid interactions to develop a novel and intelligent chemometric-amperometric biosensor based on exploiting first-order advantage: A new outcome of chemometry-electrochemistry engagement in bioanalysis","authors":"Ali R. Jalalvand,&nbsp;Tooraj Farshadnia","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel amperometric biosensor was fabricated based on modification of a rotating glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid (MWCNTs-IL) and arachidonic acid (AA) (AA-MWCNTs-IL/GCE) for ultrasensitive and selective determination of alpha fetoprotein (AFP). The AFP was able to bind AA with high affinity which increased the steric hindrance at the biosensor surface and decreased reaching the probe molecules to the biosensor surface and caused the biosensor response to changed. Effects of experimental parameters on both structure and response of the biosensor were optimized by a central composite design (CCD). Under optimized conditions, first-order advantage was exploited from first-order amperometric data by modeling of them with PLS-1, rPLS, LS-SVM, PCR, CPR, RCR, BP-ANN, WT-ANN, PRM, DWT-ANN, RBF-ANN, and RBF-PLS to select the best algorithm to assist the biosensor for determination of AFP in blood samples having complex matrices. The results confirmed the RBF-ANN showed the best performance to assist the biosensor for determination of AFP in blood samples whose performance was comparable with liquid-phase binding assay using anion exchange chromatography as reference method. The biosensor developed in this work could be highly recommended as a reliable technique for bioanalyses towards determination of AFP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling rapid parallel SERS detection with integrated microlens array","authors":"Sara Abbasi ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Dries Rosseel ,&nbsp;Hugo Thienpont ,&nbsp;Heidi Ottevaere","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical tool with great potential for point-of-care diagnostics. However, integrating SERS with microfluidic chips poses challenges, including low signal uniformity, low light collection efficiency, and high sensitivity to optical misalignment due to the precise focusing required within microfluidic channels. This study aims to overcome these limitations by integrating a high-optical-quality Microlens Array (MLA) into a SERS-embedded platform chip. The MLA focuses light into distinct excitation points, enabling parallel Raman scattering collection and improving overall collection efficiency while reducing sensitivity to alignment issues. Integrating the MLA into the SERS platform resulted in a rise in power density from 40 W/cm² to 700 W/cm², leading to a fivefold improvement in the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of the collected Raman signal intensity. The MLA's multiplexing capability enabled the simultaneous excitation and detection of multiple analyte regions, providing high signal collection in a single run. These findings highlight the MLA-integrated SERS platform as a scalable, high-sensitivity platform for point-of-care diagnostics, real-time analysis, and high-throughput sensing, addressing critical challenges in light delivery and optical alignment demonstrated low sensitivity to misalignments in the x, y, and z axes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-based THz wave gas sensor for methanol detection","authors":"Saber Norouzi ,&nbsp;Hosein Alavi-Rad ,&nbsp;Seyed Saleh Ghoreishi Amiri ,&nbsp;Reza Yousefi ,&nbsp;Hadi Dehbovid","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>This study aims to model and simulate a graphene-based Methanol (CH3OH) detector. The primary objective of this research is to obtain different absorption responses against different methanol concentrations in the surrounding environment. This paper proposes a gap between layers to intensify the direct interaction between methanol molecules and the detector. Furthermore, the THz spectrum is considered due to its potential and graphene-reliable modeling in THz frequencies. We investigate the effects of parameter variations and consequent response deviations. The significance of this research lies in that the detector is sensitive to the surrounding environment's refractive index. This sensitivity can be leveraged to detect any target components in air or liquid.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was conducted involving an equivalent circuit model plus full-wave numerical simulation. Data were collected from MATLAB and CST, and they show acceptable convergence. The design methodology includes investigating impedance matching between the detector and the surrounding environment. The findings indicate that the proposed graphene-based detector appropriately reacts against methanol concentration. Our results demonstrate significant deviations in absorption response for methanol concentration above 50 ppm while the absorption response is highly robust against geometrical variations. It is shown that methanol vapor with concentrations from 50 ppm to 500 ppm covers absorption peaks all over the THz spectrum. Such a reliable methanol detector is highly in demand for healthcare applications due to its efficiency and capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wearable belt for non-invasive monitoring of heart failure parameters","authors":"Sheikh M.A. Iqbal ,&nbsp;Mary Ann Leavitt ,&nbsp;Imadeldin Mahgoub ,&nbsp;Waseem Asghar","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure is a fatal cardiovascular disease in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the requirements of the body. Traditionally, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is used for the monitoring and management of heart failure. However, ICD is an implantable solution that requires surgery and is expensive as well. We have previously developed a wearable device that monitors parameters similar to ICD for the monitoring and management of heart failure. These parameters include heart rate, thoracic impedance and activity status. This paper, will discuss the experimentation and results of the device on heart failure patients. We have used the device to measure heart rate, thoracic impedance, and activity status on heart failure patients with ICDs. The results obtained from our non-invasive device are then compared with those obtained from the ICDs to validate our device. Our non-invasive device has shown to perform close to the ICDs rendering it a cost-effective alternative for heart failure patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can MEMS-based particulate matter sensors reliably measure mass?","authors":"Tony Merrien ,&nbsp;Julien Sorel ,&nbsp;Frédéric Marty ,&nbsp;Pierre Didier ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Algré ,&nbsp;Evelyne Géhin","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have emerged as promising candidates for particulate matter (PM) mass sensing due to their high sensitivity and integration potential. However, their practical deployment is hindered by unresolved challenges in calibration and sensor behavior interpretation under different loading conditions. In this work, we present a combined theoretical and experimental framework to investigate the performance and limitations of MEMS-based PM sensors. A bulk-mode MEMS microbalance with T-shaped tethers was designed to simultaneously address key issues such as active surface area, spatial sensitivity, and parasitic feedthrough currents. Controlled polystyrene latex (PSL) particle deposition experiments were conducted using an inertial impactor, and deposited masses in the nanogram range were estimated through automated microscope counting. Frequency shifts were measured using a lock-in amplifier and analyzed for different spherical particle diameters ranging from <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. The results reveal significant deviations from the classical mass-loading relationship and are explained through a modified Sauerbrey model that incorporates particle-substrate contact mechanics and rolling dynamics, leading to an effective mass term dependent on particle size and adhesion. Smaller particles were found to appear “heavier” than their physical mass, while larger particles were found to appear “lighter”. This study demonstrates that MEMS-based PM sensors are not purely mass sensors, but rather multi-parameter systems influenced by particle adhesion and inertia. These findings highlight the need for a re-evaluation of existing calibration strategies and open new perspectives for designing MEMS sensors capable of extracting both mass and contact-specific information from airborne particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical modulation of tau protein phosphorylation levels with biomimetic polyaniline membranes","authors":"Shang-Chi Chien ,&nbsp;Chia-Hsuan Chang ,&nbsp;Hung-Ju Wang ,&nbsp;Chien-Chih Hsu ,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Ching-Cheng Chuang ,&nbsp;Jung-Chih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hallmarked by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, which disrupt microtubule stability and significantly contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Despite existing therapies targeting tau pathologies, their efficacy remains limited, underscoring the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. A novel electrochemical method utilizing conductive polyaniline (PANI) membranes to effectively regulate tau protein phosphorylation levels was investigated. Reversing tau hyperphosphorylation provides a groundbreaking therapeutic strategy for AD, opening new avenues for more effective treatment modalities and improving patient outcomes.</div><div>The research demonstrates that phosphorylated tau peptides and proteins adhere effectively to PANI membranes under electrostatic stimulation. The results of AFM analysis revealed variation in surface morphology between the bare electrode and the tau protein/PANI-modified electrode, indicating that PANI forms an even, smooth membrane that attracts p-tau through positive potential rather than protein self-aggregation. Optimal adsorption potentials were identified at 0.5 V for pS214 peptides and 0.3 V for phosphorylated tau proteins. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements showcased a maximum adsorption efficiency of 40 %, with desorption efficiencies reaching 16.67 % at negative potentials. Furthermore, alternating positive and negative potentials enabled repeated and precise control over tau attachment and detachment from the PANI membranes. This dynamic regulation was verified through mass spectrometry, which confirmed the removal of phosphate groups during the process.</div><div>The proposed electrochemical approach offers a precise method for controlling phosphate group concentrations in tau peptides and proteins. This precision supports the development of biocompatible implants that could be instrumental in treating neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density functional theory investigation of CuO/ZnO/CuO heterostructure nanotubes for CO sensing applications","authors":"Mahdi Molaei Zarasvand ,&nbsp;Mohsen Bagheritabar ,&nbsp;Melika Molaei Zarasvand ,&nbsp;Milad Yousefizad ,&nbsp;Amir Mohammad Shahriyari ,&nbsp;Erfan Karimmirza ,&nbsp;Zahra Zalnezhad ,&nbsp;Negin Manavizadeh ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Nadimi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a new CuO/ZnO/CuO hetero-nanotube structure for carbon monoxide (CO) sensing to improve selectivity and sensitivity. First-principles simulations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) are employed to investigate the interaction between CO molecules and the sensor's heterostructure surface, focusing on the physicochemical properties of ZnO and CuO nanotubes. Results demonstrate that CuO/ZnO/CuO hetero-nanotube outperforms pure ZnO nanotubes. Strong chemical interactions between CO molecules and the ZnO surface within the CuO/ZnO/CuO hetero-nanotube are observed, leading to a higher adsorption energy of −2.775 eV compared to −0.018 eV for pure ZnO. This enhancement in adsorption energy and charge transfer is attributed to the potential difference between CuO and ZnO, which induces depletion layers on both sides of ZnO, altering charge distribution and enhancing gas sensitivity. The matching relaxed lattice structure drives the synergistic effect at the CuO-ZnO interface, resulting in a more responsive and stable system. Electronic transport properties significantly improve charge transfer and current-voltage characteristics under CO exposure. The sensor achieves 287.43 % sensitivity at 0.25 V, highlighting its exceptional performance. These materials offer a promising solution for developing selective, sensitive, and reliable sensors suitable for hazardous environments and automotive inspections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}